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Science in the Service of Children, 1893-1935
by Alice Boardman Smuts Robert W. Smuts R. Malcolm Smuts Barbara B. Smuts P. Lindsay Chase-LansdaleThis book is the first comprehensive history of the development of child study during the early part of the twentieth century. Most nineteenth-century scientists deemed children unsuitable subjects for study, and parents were hostile to the idea. But by 1935, the study of the child was a thriving scientific and professional field. Here, Alice Boardman Smuts shows how interrelated movements-social and scientific-combined to transform the study of the child. Drawing on nationwide archives and extensive interviews with child study pioneers, Smuts recounts the role of social reformers, philanthropists, and progressive scientists who established new institutions with new ways of studying children. Part history of science and part social history, this book describes a fascinating era when the normal child was studied for the first time, a child guidance movement emerged, and the newly created federal Children's Bureau conducted pathbreaking sociological studies of children.
Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise
by H. Kargon RobertThe evolution of an urban scientific community under the pressures of conceptual and social change is the main focus of this book. Manchester was Victorian Britain's leading industrial city. In order to describe and analyze the transformation of science in the eighteenth century, Robert Kargon closely examines Manchester through successive stages. In so doing, he traces the evolution of science from an activity pursued by gentlemen-amateurs to a highly specialized profession.At the end of this process, the author shows, a major trans formation in our understanding of the nature of science can be discerned: scientific knowledge, it was realized, could be produced. Science was no longer regarded primarily as the di vine design rendered into laws of nature, but rather as a method, or instrument, to be applied to novel areas of human endeavor. Science had become on the one hand enterprise, and on the other expertise. In each chapter, Kargon relates the changing conception of science and its social role to the birth, growth, and character of the city's scientific institutions.The contours of the scientific community-its interests, concerns, and approaches to what it came to see as critical problem---were shaped by its civic environment. Its character, in turn, responded to the development of the disciplines represented within it. As the sciences increased in specialization and complexity during the course of the nineteenth century, they placed new stress upon the community, affecting the composition of its membership and the nature of its leading institutions. The scientific frontier reacted upon Manchester just as Manchester acted upon it. Now available in paperback, this classic work in history includes a new introduction by the author.
Science Industry and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Science (Routledge Library Editions: History & Philosophy of Science)
by Stephen and Cotgrove & BoxOriginally published in 1970. Two major changes have characterised science in the twentieth century. Firstly, there has been its rapid growth. Secondly, and central to the theme his book – science is no longer mainly an academic activity carried on in universities. Industry will soon be the largest employer of scientists. This book deals with issues of bureaucracy in science threatening its creativity and the failure of industry to recruit the best graduates, as well as what attracts people to study science.
Science Informed Policing (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Bryanna Fox Joan A. Reid Anthony J. MasysThe current policing landscape has seen the rise in serious and organized crime across the globe. Criminals are innovating in real-time leveraging cyber, social media, enhanced surveillance to support their activities. In so doing, the criminal landscape has become transnational whereby collaborative networks have flourished thereby creating greater complexity and novel threats for the international policing community. As new threats to local, regional, national and global security are emerging, leveraging science and technology innovations has become more important. Advances in big data analytics, cyber forensics, surveillance, modeling and simulation has led to a more data driven, hypothesis generated and model informed approach. Novel science and technology innovations are presented in this edited book to provide insights and pathways that challenges the emerging and complex criminal threat landscape by supporting policing operations.
Science Interrupted: Rethinking Research Practice with Bureaucracy, Agroforestry, and Ethnography (Expertise: Cultures and Technologies of Knowledge)
by Timothy G. McLellanScience Interrupted examines how scientists in China pursue environmental sustainability within the constraints of domestic and international bureaucracies. Timothy G. McLellan offers a theoretical framework for analyzing the formal procedural work of Chinese bureaucracy—work that is overlooked when China scholars restrict their gaze to the informal and interpersonal channels through which bureaucracy is often navigated. Homing in on an agroforestry research organization in southwest China, the author takes the experiences of the organization's staff in navigating diverse international funding regimes and authoritarian state institutions as entry points for understanding the pervasiveness of bureaucracy in contemporary science. He asks: What if we take the tools, sensibilities, and practices of bureaucracies seriously not only as objects of critique but as resources for re-thinking scientific practice? Extending a mode of anthropological research in which ethnography serves as source of theory as well as source of data, Science Interrupted thinks with, and not only against, bureaucracy. McLellan shows that ethnographic engagement with bureaucracy enables us to imagine more democratic and more collaborative modes of scientific practice.
Science Journalism: An Introduction
by Martin W AnglerScience Journalism: An Introduction gives wide-ranging guidance on producing journalistic content about different areas of scientific research. It provides a step-by-step guide to mastering the practical skills necessary for covering scientific stories and explaining the business behind the industry. Martin W. Angler, an experienced science and technology journalist, covers the main stages involved in getting an article written and published; from choosing an idea, structuring your pitch, researching and interviewing, to writing effectively for magazines, newspapers and online publications. There are chapters dedicated to investigative reporting, handling scientific data and explaining scientific practice and research findings to a non-specialist audience. Coverage in the chapters is supported by reading lists, review questions and practical exercises. The book also includes extensive interviews with established science journalists, scholars and scientists that provide tips on building a career in science journalism, address what makes a good reporter and discuss the current issues they face professionally. The book concludes by laying out the numerous available routes into science journalism, such as relevant writing programs, fellowships, awards and successful online science magazines. For students of journalism and professional journalists at all levels, this book offers an invaluable overview of contemporary science journalism with an emphasis on professional journalistic practice and success in the digital age.
Science Journalism in the Arab World: The Quest for ‘Ilm’ and Truth (Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South)
by Abdullah Alhuntushi Jairo Lugo-OcandoThis book examines the main issues and challenges that science journalism faces in the MENA region while analyzing how journalists in these countries cover science and engage with scientists. Most countries in the Middle East and North Africa region have set an ambitious goal for 2030: to transform their societies and become knowledge economies. This means modernizing institutions and encouraging people to embrace Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics as part of their daily lives. This books claims that the main vehicle to achieve this goal is science news reporting, as it continues to be the main platform to disseminate scientific knowledge to the general public. Simultaneously, it is also poorly equipped to achieve this task. Interviewing dozens of journalists, the authors looked at specific areas such as the gender divide and its effects on science news reporting as well as the role of religion and culture in shaping journalism as a political institution. The authors conclude that traditional normative assumptions as to why science reporting does not live up to expectations need to be reviewed in light of other more structural problems such as lack of skills and specialization in science communication in the region. In so doing, the book sets out to understand the past, present and future of science news in one of the most challenging regions in the world for journalists.
Science MashUp: Leipziger Beiträge zur Computerspielekultur
by Gabriele Hooffacker Benjamin BiglGames als Bestandteil der Popkultur – Utopien in Games – Medienpädagogische Ansätze, Games nutzbar zu machen. Der Band vereint die Beiträge zum Science MashUp 2021, das die traditionsreiche 15. Lange Nacht der Computerspiele an der HTWK Leipzig begleitet. Er verbindet kulturelle, technische und narrative Ansätze der Game Studies.
Science MashUp: Leipziger Beiträge zur Computerspielekultur
by Gabriele Hooffacker Benjamin BiglDer Band zum Science MashUp Green Games umfasst wissenschaftliche Beiträge zum Thema "Green Games". Das Tagungsthema „Green Games“ zielt auf Ökologie und Nachhaltigkeit von Computerspielen in Bezug auf Spielinhalte sowie in Bezug auf soziale, kulturelle oder technische Aspekte ab. Der Band umfasst zehn Beiträge. Themen sind Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit in der Produktion, Umsetzung, Zielsetzung und Vermarktung von Games.
Science MashUp: Leipziger Beiträge zur Computerspielekultur
by Gabriele Hooffacker Benjamin BiglDas diesjährige Motto – Gender, Sex, Diversity – der vierten Ausgabe der Reihe Science MashUp greift aktuelle politische und gesellschaftliche Debatten ebenso auf wie inhaltliche und technische Entwicklungen im Games-Bereich. Der Band fasst die Tagung im Rahmen der 17. Langen Nacht der Computerspiele sowie weitere Abschlussarbeiten an der Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig (HTWK Leipzig) zusammen. Themen sind die Darstellung und das Identifikationspotenzial von Held*innen in Games, feministisches und barrierearmes Design von Games, inhaltliche und konzeptionelle Analysen von Geschlechter- und Beziehungsrollen in Games, Intersektionalität in Games sowie Grenzüberschreitungen von und mit Games.
Science MashUp. Zukunft der Games.: Leipziger Beiträge zur Computerspielekultur
by Gabriele Hooffacker Benjamin BiglGaming in Deutschland und speziell in Sachsen – quo vadis? Playful Work, Game Thinking, Gamification – nur Buzzwords? Was ist transmediales Storytelling? Der Band vereint die Beiträge zum Science MashUp, das 2020 erstmals die traditionsreiche 14. Lange Nacht der Computerspiele an der HTWK Leipzig begleitet hat. Er verbindet sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Beiträge mit Praxisbeiträgen und Interviews aus Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft und bringt Akteure aus den Bereichen Kunst, Hochschulen und Unternehmen mit Gamern, Game-Interessierten und Game-Produzierenden zusammen. Der Band ist damit Ausgangspunkt für künftige Entwicklungen und Überlegungen in den Game Studies, der Games-Branche und verwandten Bereichen.
Science matters!: Wissenschaftlich statt querdenken
by Tilmann BetschWas ist eigentlich Wissenschaft? Diese Frage wird angesichts globaler Herausforderungen wie COVID-19, dem Klimawandel u.a. zunehmend neu diskutiert – und wir erleben eine beängstigende Zunahme des Widerstandes gegen die wissenschaftlichen Methoden aufseiten sogenannter Querdenker, Verschwörungstheoretiker und Faktenleugner. Doch viele kritisieren die Wissenschaft, ohne den Kern wissenschaftlichen Denkens und Arbeitens verstanden zu haben! Prof. Dr. Tilmann Betsch tritt diesem Trend mit seinem Buch entschlossen entgegen und hält ein leidenschaftliches Plädoyer, warum Wissenschaft unverzichtbar ist: Anhand anschaulicher Beispiele und Anekdoten beschreibt er die Bestandteile des wissenschaftlichen Werkzeugkastens – jedes Kapitel klärt dabei ein gängiges Vorurteil gegenüber der Wissenschaft auf und zeigt, mit welchen Methoden Erkenntnisse in der Forschung wirklich gewonnen werden.Dieses Buch gibt Ihnen Hilfestellung, Ihr kritisches Denken zu schärfen und Unfug schlagfertig entgegenzutreten. Es richtet sich damit nicht nur an Studierende der Wissenschaften, sondern an alle Interessierten, die „alternative Fakten“ nicht mehr hören können und für Diskussionen um die Bedeutung der Wissenschaft gewappnet sein wollen.
Science, Medicine, and Aristocratic Lineage in Victorian Popular Fiction (Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine)
by Abigail BoucherScience, Medicine, and Lineage in Popular Fiction of the Long Nineteenth Century explores the dialogue between popular literature and medical and scientific discourse in terms of how they represent the highly visible an pathologized British aristocratic body. This books explores and complicates the two major portrayals of aristocrats in nineteenth-century literature: that of the medicalised, frail, debauched, and diseased aristocrat, and that of the heroic, active, beautiful ‘noble’, both of which are frequent and resonant in popular fiction of the long nineteenth century. Abigail Boucher argues that the concept of class in the long nineteenth century implicitly includes notions of blood, lineage, and bodily ‘correctness’, and that ‘class’ was therefore frequently portrayed as an empirical, scientific, and medical certainty. Due to their elevated and highly visual social positions, both historical and fictional aristocrats were frequently pathologized in the public mind and watched for signs of physical excellence or deviance. Using popular fiction, Boucher establishes patterns across decades, genres, and demographics and considers how these patterns react to, normalise, or feed into the advent of new scientific and medical understandings.
Science, Museums and Collecting the Indigenous Dead in Colonial Australia
by Paul TurnbullThis book draws on over twenty years' investigation of scientific archives in Europe, Australia, and other former British settler colonies. It explains how and why skulls and other bodily structures of Indigenous Australians became the focus of scientific curiosity about the nature and origins of human diversity from the early years of colonisation in the late eighteenth century to Australia achieving nationhood at the turn of the twentieth century. The last thirty years have seen the world's indigenous peoples seek the return of their ancestors' bodily remains from museums and medical schools throughout the western world. Turnbull reveals how the remains of the continent's first inhabitants were collected during the long nineteenth century by the plundering of their traditional burial places. He also explores the question of whether museums also acquired the bones of men and women who were killed in Australian frontier regions by military, armed police and settlers.
The Science of Abolition: How Slaveholders Became the Enemies of Progress
by Eric HerschthalA revealing look at how antislavery scientists and Black and white abolitionists used scientific ideas to discredit slaveholders In the context of slavery, science is usually associated with slaveholders&’ scientific justifications of racism. But abolitionists were equally adept at using scientific ideas to discredit slaveholders. Looking beyond the science of race, The Science of Abolition shows how Black and white scientists and abolitionists drew upon a host of scientific disciplines—from chemistry, botany, and geology, to medicine and technology—to portray slaveholders as the enemies of progress. From the 1770s through the 1860s, scientists and abolitionists in Britain and the United States argued that slavery stood in the way of scientific progress, blinded slaveholders to scientific evidence, and prevented enslavers from adopting labor‑saving technologies that might eradicate enslaved labor. While historians increasingly highlight slavery&’s centrality to the modern world, fueling the rise of capitalism, science, and technology, few have asked where the myth of slavery&’s backwardness comes from in the first place. This book contends that by routinely portraying slaveholders as the enemies of science, abolitionists and scientists helped generate that myth.
The Science of Academic Writing: A Guide for Postgraduates (Student Success)
by Anne PertetAre you unsure what your thesis should look like? Perhaps you are struggling to get started or tie everything together in your conclusion? Help is here! Taking you from the introduction all the way through to the conclusion, this practical guide will provide you with step-by-step guidance, examples, checklists and expert tips to help you write your thesis with confidence. Student Success is a series of essential guides for students of all levels. From how to think critically and write great essays to boosting your employability and managing your wellbeing, the Student Success series helps you study smarter and get the best from your time at university. .
The Science of Academic Writing: A Guide for Postgraduates (Student Success)
by Anne PertetAre you unsure what your thesis should look like? Perhaps you are struggling to get started or tie everything together in your conclusion? Help is here! Taking you from the introduction all the way through to the conclusion, this practical guide will provide you with step-by-step guidance, examples, checklists and expert tips to help you write your thesis with confidence. Student Success is a series of essential guides for students of all levels. From how to think critically and write great essays to boosting your employability and managing your wellbeing, the Student Success series helps you study smarter and get the best from your time at university. .
The Science of Citizen Science
by Roeland Samson Katrin Vohland Anne Land-Zandstra Luigi Ceccaroni Rob Lemmens Josep Perelló Marisa Ponti Katherin WagenknechtThis open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.
The Science of Cookery and the Art of Eating Well: Philosophical and Historical Reflections on Food and Dining in Culture (Studies In Medical Philosophy Ser. #3)
by Donald Phillip VereneThe Science of Cookery and the Art of Eating Well is a philosophical and historical reflection on food and dining in human culture. It includes discussions of the nature of the first meals as found in Greek literature and the philosophy of history of Giambattista Vico, the Roman cookbook of Apicius (the first known cookbook), the cookbook of Artusi (the seminal cookbook of Italian cooking), Brillat-Savarin’s Physiology of Taste, Plutarch’s “Dinner of the Seven Wise Men,” and Athenaeus’ work on the Learned Banqueters (the Deipnosophists). These discussions are joined with contemporary observations on the importance of the traditions of home cooking and dining with friends as essential to the promotion of human well-being.
The Science of Crime Measurement: Issues for Spatially-Referenced Crime Data
by Martin A. AndresenCrime statistics are ubiquitous in modern society – but how accurate are they? This book investigates the science of crime measurement focussing on four main questions: how do we count crime? How do we calculate crime rates? Are there other measurements of crime? What are the issues surrounding crime statistics? All too often we take the measurement of crime at face value when there is, in fact, a science behind it. This book specifically deals with issues related to spatially-referenced crime data that are used to analyse crime patterns across the urban environment. The first section of the book considers alternative crime rate calculations. The second section of the book contains a thorough discussion of a measure of crime specialisation. Finally, the third section of the book addresses a number of aggregation issues that are present with such data: crime type aggregations, temporal aggregations of crime data, the stability of crime patterns over time, and the importance of spatial scale. This book builds on a growing body of literature on the science of crime measurement and offers a comprehensive account of this growing subfield of criminology. The book speaks to wider debates in the fields of crime analysis, environmental criminology and crime prevention and will be perfect reading for advanced level undergraduate and graduate students looking to find out more about the measurement of crime.
The Science of Dune: An Unauthorized Exploration into the Real Science Behind Frank Herbert's Fictional Universe
by Kevin R. GrazierGet excited for the 2021 Denis Villeneuve Dune film release, starring Timothée Chalamet, with The Science of Dune! Since its original publication in 1965, the Dune series has entranced generations of readers with its complex plotting, fascinating characters, grand scope, and incredible scientific predictions. This guide offers fascinating scientific speculation on topics including quantum physics, biochemistry, ecology, evolution, psychology, technology, and genetics. It scrutinizes Frank Herbert&’s science fiction world by asking questions such as: Is the ecology of Dune realistic? Is it theoretically possible to get information from the future? Could humans really evolve as Herbert suggests? Which of Herbert&’s inventions have already come to life? This companion is a must-have for any fan who wants to revisit the world of Dune and explore it even further.
The Science of Evaluation: A Realist Manifesto
by Ray PawsonEvaluation researchers are tasked with providing the evidence to guide programme building and to assess its outcomes. As such, they labour under the highest expectations - bringing independence and objectivity to policy making. They face huge challenges, given the complexity of modern interventions and the politicised backdrop to all of their investigations. They have responded with a huge portfolio of research techniques and, through their professional associations, have set up schemes to establish standards for evaluative inquiry and to accredit evaluation practitioners. A big question remains. Has this monumental effort produced a progressive, cumulative and authoritative body of knowledge that we might think of as evaluation science? This is the question addressed by Ray Pawson in this sequel to Realistic Evaluation and Evidence-based Policy. In answer, he provides a detailed blueprint for an evaluation science based on realist principles.
The Science of Game of Thrones: From the genetics of royal incest to the chemistry of death by molten gold - sifting fact from fantasy in the Seven Kingdoms
by Helen KeenA myth-busting, jaw-dropping, fun-filled tour through the science of your favorite fantastical world. Award-winning comedian and popular-science writer Helen Keen uncovers the astounding science behind the mystical, blood-soaked world of Game of Thrones, answering questions like: Is it possible to crush a person's head with your bare hands? What really happens when royal families interbreed? Does Cersei have Borderline Personality Disorder? What curious medical disorder does Hodor suffer from? And more. Join Keen as she investigates wildfire, ice walls, face transplants, and every wild feature of Westeros and beyond, revealing a magical world that may be closer to our own than we think. The Science of Game of Thrones is the ultimate guide to the epic series as well as the perfect gift for science-lovers and fans. So pour yourself a bowl of brown, climb on your beast of burden, and prepare yourself to see the Seven Kingdoms as you have never seen them before.
The Science of Generosity: Causes, Manifestations, and Consequences (Palgrave Studies in Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity)
by Patricia Snell HerzogThis book advances understanding of the manifestations, causes, and consequences of generosity. Synthesizing the findings of the 14 research projects conducted by the Science of Generosity Initiative and offering an appendix of methods for studying generosity, this comprehensive account integrates insights from disparate disciplines to facilitate a broader understanding of giving—ultimately creating a compendium of not only the latest research in the field of altruistic behaviors, but also a research roadmap for the future. As the author sequentially explores the manifestations, causes, and consequences of generosity, Patricia Snell Herzog here also offers analyses ranging from the micro- to macro-level to paint a full picture of the individual, interpersonal and familial, and collective (inter)actions involved in altruism and generosity. The author concludes with a call to stimulate further interdisciplinary generosity studies, describing the implications for emerging scholars and practitioners across sociology, economics, political science, religious studies, and beyond.
The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States
by RAND CorporationThis report synthesizes the available scientific evidence on the effects of various firearm policies on firearm deaths, violent crime, the gun industry, participation in hunting and sport shooting, and other outcomes. Based on this synthesis, the authors highlight policies whose effects are better supported by evidence and areas where more and better information could contribute to establishing fair and effective gun policies.