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The Social Impacts of Urban Containment (Urban Planning And Environment Ser.)
by Arthur C. Nelson Casey J. DawkinsOne of the policies that has been most widely used to try to limit urban sprawl has been that of urban containment. These policies are planning controls limiting the growth of cities in an attempt to preserve open rural uses, such as habitat, agriculture and forestry, in urban regions. While there has been a substantial amount of research into these urban containment policies, most have focused on issues of land use, consumption, transportation impacts or economic development issues. This book examines the effects of urban containment policies on key social issues, such as housing, wealth building and creation, racial segregation and gentrification. It argues that, while the policies make important contributions to environmental sustainability, they also affect affordability for all the economic groups of citizens aside from the most wealthy. However, it also puts forward suggestions for revising such policies to counter these possible negative social impacts. As such, it will be valuable reading for scholars of environmental planning, social policy and regional development, as well as for policy makers.
The Social Imperative
by Paula MoyaIn the context of the ongoing crisis in literary criticism, The Social Imperative reminds us that while literature will never by itself change the world, it remains a powerful tool and important actor in the ongoing struggle to imagine better ways to be human and free. Figuring the relationship between reader and text as a type of friendship, the book elaborates the social-psychological concept of schema to show that our multiple social contexts affect what we perceive and how we feel when we read. Championing and modeling a kind of close reading that attends to how literature reflects, promotes, and contests pervasive sociocultural ideas about race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality, Paula M. L. Moya demonstrates the power of works of literature by writers such as Junot Diaz, Toni Morrison, and Helena Maria Viramontes to alter perceptions and reshape cultural imaginaries. Insofar as literary fiction is a unique form of engagement with weighty social problems, it matters not only which specific works of literature we read and teach, but also how we read them, and with whom. This is what constitutes the social imperative of literature.
The Social in Question: New Bearings
by Patrick JoyceWith postmodernism has come the questioning of the very idea of 'the social'. Thinkers form across the social sciences and humanities now agree that this one foundational concept can no longer be taken for granted as an objective or real characteristic of the world. However, their uncertainty has taken on many guises and the social in Question represents an attempt to pull these diverse forms of questioning together.Drawn form sociology, cultural studies, history and theology, an international and eminent cast of contributors look at how the idea of 'the social' developed from its mediaeval foundations to its consolidation in the early twentieth century. The book then charts how the concept has been brought into the question by critiques from science studies, cultural studies and postcolonial studies before going on to look at how new framework are being proposed for the exploration of issues formerly seen as 'the social'. This book makes a fascinating contribution to the rethinking of contemporary academic activity.
Social Inclusion and Education in India: Scheduled Tribes, Denotified Tribes and Nomadic Tribes
by Ghanshyam Shah Joseph BaraThis book examines social inclusion in the education sector in India for scheduled tribes (ST), denotified tribes and nomadic tribes. It investigates the gaps between what was promised to the marginalized sections in the constitution, and what has since been delivered. The volume:• Examines data from across the Indian states on ST and non-ST students in higher, primary and secondary education;• Analyses the success and failures of education policy at the central and state level;• Brings to the fore colonial roots of social exclusion in education. A major study, the volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of education, sociology and social anthropology, development studies and South Asian studies.
Social Income and Insecurity: A Study in Gujarat
by Guy Standing Renana Jhabvala Jeemol Unni Uma RaniEconomic liberalisation associated with globalisation is causing a pervasive growth of economic insecurity experienced all over the world. This is placing urgent demands on policymakers to rethink old policies and institutions. This book sets out a new approach to the assessment of income dynamics, based on identifying the diverse components of people’s income and entitlements. It defines ‘social income’ as a broader concept of household income which includes state, community and private benefits. It shows how those components should be measured and provides a composite picture of the structure of incomes and support systems of different societal groups. It recognises how the structure of income, as well as its distribution, has been linked to policy and development dynamics. It starts from a premise that unless the totality of incomes and income support systems is taken into account, academics and policymakers cannot expect to develop appropriate interventions. This perspective is developed though a detailed household survey conducted in rural and urban areas of Gujarat in 2007–2008. This provides an up-to-date picture of how institutions, NGOs and the state system are operating in the context of rapid restructuring of village life in India.
Social Inequalities (New Approaches to Sociology)
by Anya Ahmed Deirdre Duffy Lorna ChestertonPart of the New Approaches to Sociology series, Social Inequalities is a relevant and valuable exploration of how we see the world, through a decolonised lens. Aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, this textbook offers a critical re-reading of traditional approaches to understanding social inequalities and responds to the call from university administrations, academics and students to decolonise the curriculum and challenge its lack of diversity. It presents an intersectional approach to understanding diversity and social inequalities and, in so doing, allows for alternative knowledge sources and voices to be heard. From looking at social groups such as race, age, sexuality and class alongside a nuanced evaluation of traditional sociological theories such as Marxism, functionalism and feminism – this book is an expert guide to the debates central to understanding the challenges individuals face in society. Including personal stories and case studies, students will be exposed to an authentic and real-world view of how individuals have encountered discrimination. Social Inequalities is an essential resource for anyone working and studying across sociology, and anyone interested in challenging established ways of looking at the world. Professor Anya Ahmed, Dr Deirdre Duffy and Dr Lorna Chesterton work in the faculty of health and education at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
Social Inequalities (New Approaches to Sociology)
by Anya Ahmed Deirdre Duffy Lorna ChestertonPart of the New Approaches to Sociology series, Social Inequalities is a relevant and valuable exploration of how we see the world, through a decolonised lens. Aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, this textbook offers a critical re-reading of traditional approaches to understanding social inequalities and responds to the call from university administrations, academics and students to decolonise the curriculum and challenge its lack of diversity. It presents an intersectional approach to understanding diversity and social inequalities and, in so doing, allows for alternative knowledge sources and voices to be heard. From looking at social groups such as race, age, sexuality and class alongside a nuanced evaluation of traditional sociological theories such as Marxism, functionalism and feminism – this book is an expert guide to the debates central to understanding the challenges individuals face in society. Including personal stories and case studies, students will be exposed to an authentic and real-world view of how individuals have encountered discrimination. Social Inequalities is an essential resource for anyone working and studying across sociology, and anyone interested in challenging established ways of looking at the world. Professor Anya Ahmed, Dr Deirdre Duffy and Dr Lorna Chesterton work in the faculty of health and education at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
Social Inequalities: Select Readings on Race, Class, and Gender
by Sneha Dutta HazarikaFeaturing an intersectional approach, this text introduces students to social inequalities embedded within society at both the micro and macro level. Through compelling, scholarly articles, students gain the knowledge necessary to address social inequalities and inspire social change. The anthology features six distinct units. <p><p>Unit I focuses on race, racism, and immigration and features readings on racial formation, defining racism, and the consequences of racism on U.S. immigration policy. In Unit II, students read about gender, patriarchy, and formal and informal discrimination against women at work. Unit III features coverage of social class, power, and privilege, and Unit IV speaks to the tensions between wealth, privilege, and inequality. Students learn about inequality and discrimination within social institutions like schools, housing, and mass incarceration. The final unit encourages students to pursue social change and social transformation. <p><p>This book is an ideal reader for courses in sociology, women and gender studies, and race and ethnic studies, as well as those that address social stratification and the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, class, and gender.
Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
by Heather M. Fitz Gibbon Anne M. Nurse Charles E. HurstThe eleventh edition of Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences is an introduction to the study of social inequality. Fully updated statistics and examples convey the pervasiveness and extent of social inequality in the United States. The authors use an intersectional perspective to show how inequality occurs, how it affects all of us, and what is being done about it. With more resources and supplementary examples, exercises, and applications embedded throughout to aid students’ learning and visualization of important concepts, the book provides a rich theoretical treatment to address the current state of inequality. In line with current affairs, the authors have expanded the content to include: An intersectional approach throughout the chapters; A stronger emphasis on the connections between poverty, wealth, and income inequality; New case studies on the opioid epidemic, COVID-19, the lead poisoning crisis, and climate change; A new focus on the rise of right-wing movements. With additional content and classroom extensions available online for instructors, Social Inequality remains an ideal and invaluable overview of the subject and provides undergraduate students with a robust understanding of social inequality from a sociological perspective.
Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
by Charles E. Hurst Heather M Fitz Gibbon Anne M NurseLike past editions, this tenth edition of Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences is a user-friendly introduction to the study of social inequality. This book conveys the pervasiveness and extensiveness of social inequality in the United States within a comparative context, to show how inequality occurs, how it affects all of us, and what is being done about it. This edition benefits from a variety of changes that have significantly strengthened the text. The authors pay increased attention to disability, intersectionality, immigration, religion, and place. This edition also spotlights crime and the criminal justice system as well as health and the environment. The tenth edition includes a new chapter on policy alternatives and venues for social change.
Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
by Charles E. Hurst Heather M. Fitz Gibbon Anne M. NurseLike past editions, this ninth edition of Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences is a user-friendly introduction to the study of social inequality. This book conveys the pervasiveness and extensiveness of social inequality in the United States within a comparative context, to show how inequality occurs, how it affects all of us, and what is being done about it. This edition benefits from a variety of changes that have significantly strengthened the text. The authors pay increased attention to disability, transgender issues, intersectionality, experiences of Muslims, Hispanic populations, and immigration. The 9th edition also includes content on the fall-out from the recession across various groups. The sections on global inequalities have been greatly updated, emphasizing comparative inequalities and the impact of the process of globalization on inequality internationally. The authors have also added material on several current social movements, including Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter, and Marriage Equality.
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society
by Christopher B. DoobSocial Inequality - examining our present while understanding our past. Social Inequality and Social Statification in US Society, 1st edition uses a historical and conceptual framework to explain social stratification and social inequality. The historical scope gives context to each issue discussed and allows the reader to understand how each topic has evolved over the course of American history. The authors use qualitative data to help explain socioeconomic issues and connect related topics. Each chapter examines major concepts, so readers can see how an individual's success in stratified settings often relies heavily on their access to valued resources-types of capital which involve finances, schooling, social networking, and cultural competence. Analyzing the impact of capital types throughout the text helps map out the prospects for individuals, families, and also classes to maintain or alter their position in social-stratification systems. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers will be able to: Analyze the four major American classes, as well as how race and gender are linked to inequalities in the United States Understand attempts to reduce social inequality Identify major historical events that have influenced current trends Understand how qualitative sources help reveal the inner workings that accompany people's struggles with the socioeconomic order Recognize the impact of social-stratification systems on individuals and families
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
by Christopher B. DoobSocial Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society uses a historical and conceptual framework to explain social stratification and social inequality. The historical scope gives context to each issue discussed and allows the reader to understand how each topic has evolved over the course of American history. The author uses qualitative data to help explain socioeconomic issues and connect related topics. Each chapter examines major concepts, so readers can see how an individual’s success in stratified settings often relies heavily on their access to valued resources—types of capital which involve finances, schooling, social networking, and cultural competence. Analyzing the impact of capital types throughout the text helps map out the prospects for individuals, families, and also classes to maintain or alter their position in social-stratification systems.
Social Inequality, Childhood and the Media: A Longitudinal Study of the Mediatization of Socialisation (Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research)
by Ingrid Paus-Hasebrink Jasmin Kulterer Philip SinnerThis open access book presents a qualitative longitudinal panel-study on child and adolescent socialisation in socially disadvantaged families. The study traces how children and their parents make sense of media within the context of their everyday life over twelve years (from 2005 to 2017) and provides a unique perspective on the role of different socialisation contexts, drawing on rich data from a broad range of qualitative methods. Using a theoretical framework and methodological approach that can be applied transnationally, it sheds light on the complex interplay of factors which shape children’s socialisation and media usage in multiple ways.
Social Inequality in Japan: Social Inequality In Japan (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies)
by Sawako ShirahaseJapan was the first Asian country to become a mature industrial society, and throughout the 1970s and the 1980s, was viewed as an ‘all-middle-class society’. However since the 1990s there have been growing doubts as to the real degree of social equality in Japan, particularly in the context of dramatic demographic shifts as the population ages whilst fertility levels continue to fall. This book compares Japan with America, Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Sweden and Taiwan in order to determine whether inequality really is a social problem in Japan. With a focus on impact demographic shifts, Sawako Shirahase examines female labour market participation, income inequality among households with children, the state of the family, generational change, single person households and income distribution among the aged, and asks whether increasing inequality and is uniquely Japanese, or if it is a social problem common across all of the societies included in this study. Crucially, this book shows that Japan is distinctive not in terms of the degree of inequality in the society, but rather, in how acutely inequality is perceived. Further, the data shows that Japan differs from the other countries examined in terms of the gender gap in both the labour market and the family, and in inequality among single-person households – single men and women, including lifelong bachelors and spinsters – and also among single parent households, who pay a heavy price for having deviated from the expected pattern of life in Japan. Drawing on extensive empirical data, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars interested in Japanese culture and society, Japanese studies and social policy more generally.
Social Inequality in Post-Growth Japan: Transformation during Economic and Demographic Stagnation (Routledge Contemporary Japan Series)
by David Chiavacci Carola HommerichIn recent decades Japan has changed from a strongly growing, economically successful nation regarded as prime example of social equality and inclusion, to a nation with a stagnating economy, a shrinking population and a very high proportion of elderly people. Within this, new forms of inequality are emerging and deepening, and a new model of Japan as 'gap society' (kakusa shakai) has become common-sense. These new forms of inequality are complex, are caused in different ways by a variety of factors, and require deep-seated reforms in order to remedy them. This book provides a comprehensive overview of inequality in contemporary Japan. It examines inequality in labour and employment, in welfare and family, in education and social mobility, in the urban-rural divide, and concerning immigration, ethnic minorities and gender. The book also considers the widespread anxiety effect of the fear of inequality; and discusses how far these developments in Japan represent a new form of social problem for the wider world.
Social Influence on Digital Content Contribution and Consumption: Theories, Empirical Analyses, and Practices (Management for Professionals)
by Xuejing MaThis book examines users’ digital content contribution and consumption behavior from a social perspective. Digital content is everywhere—from search results on search engines to posts on social media. Incentivizing users to contribute abundant content and motivating users to engage in and pay for digital content are vital for online platforms, especially those relying on digital content generated by users. This book develops a theoretical framework to incorporate social influence, including social presence, social interaction, social comparison, social loafing, and social relationships, in users’ digital content contribution and consumption decisions. Further, using a large volume of data from online platforms, the author empirically studies the role of social interaction in digital content provision and monetization from the supply side. Also, regarding the digital content demand side, this book explores how to boost content consumption via social motives and social norms. The book enriches the understanding of social influence in digital content contribution and consumption and provides practical suggestions for digital platforms’ mechanism design.
Social Influences on Romantic Relationships
by Christopher R. AgnewHow do we choose a partner to initiate a relationship with, and what makes us stay in a given relationship over time? These questions are most often pursued by scholars with an emphasis on the internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations of individual decision-makers. Conversely, this volume highlights the importance of considering external influences on individual decision-making in close relationships. Featuring contributions from internationally renowned scholars, the volume is divided into two interrelated sections. The first section considers global and societal influences on romantic relationships and the second focuses on social network and communicative influences on romantic relationships. Taken together, this collection helps us to better understand how external factors influence the internal machinations of those involved in intimate relationships.
Social infrastructure and left behind places (Regional Studies Policy Impact Books)
by John Tomaney Maeve Blackman Lucy Natarajan Dimitrios Panayotopoulos-Tsiros Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Myfanwy TaylorThis book explores the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure in ‘left-behind places’. Such places, typically once flourishing industrial communities that have been excluded from recent economic growth, now attract academic and policy attention as sites of a political backlash against globalisation and liberal democracy. The book focuses on the role of social infrastructure as a key component of this story. Seeking to move beyond a narrowly economistic of reading ‘left behind places’, the book addresses the understudied affective dimensions of ‘left-behindness’. It develops an analytical framework that emphasises the importance of place attachments and the consequences of their disruption; considers ‘left behind places’ as ‘moral communities’ and the making of social infrastructure as an expression of this; views the unmaking of social infrastructure through the lens of ‘root shock’; and explains efforts at remaking it in terms of the articulation of ‘radical hope’. The analysis builds upon a case study of a former mining community in County Durham, North East England. Using mixed methods, it offers a ‘deep place study’ of a single village to understand more fully the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure. It shows how a place once richly endowed with social infrastructure, saw this endowment wither and the effects this had on the community. However, it also records efforts of the local people to rebuild social infrastructure, typically drawing the lessons of the past. Although the story of one village, the methods, results and policy recommendation have much wider applicability. The book will be of interest to researchers, policy makers and others concerned with the fate of ‘left behind places’.
Social infrastructure and left behind places (Regional Studies Policy Impact Books)
by John Tomaney Maeve Blackman Lucy Natarajan Dimitrios Panayotopoulos-Tsiros Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Myfanwy TaylorThis book explores the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure in ‘left-behind places’. Such places, typically once flourishing industrial communities that have been excluded from recent economic growth, now attract academic and policy attention as sites of a political backlash against globalisation and liberal democracy. The book focuses on the role of social infrastructure as a key component of this story.Seeking to move beyond a narrowly economistic of reading ‘left behind places’, the book addresses the understudied affective dimensions of ‘left-behindness’. It develops an analytical framework that emphasises the importance of place attachments and the consequences of their disruption; considers ‘left behind places’ as ‘moral communities’ and the making of social infrastructure as an expression of this; views the unmaking of social infrastructure through the lens of ‘root shock’; and explains efforts at remaking it in terms of the articulation of ‘radical hope’.The analysis builds upon a case study of a former mining community in County Durham, North East England. Using mixed methods, it offers a ‘deep place study’ of a single village to understand more fully the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure. It shows how a place once richly endowed with social infrastructure, saw this endowment wither and the effects this had on the community. However, it also records efforts of the local people to rebuild social infrastructure, typically drawing the lessons of the past. Although the story of one village, the methods, results and policy recommendation have much wider applicability.The book will be of interest to researchers, policy makers and others concerned with the fate of ‘left behind places’.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Social Infrastructure and Vulnerability in the Suburbs
by Paul Anisef Valerie Preston Lucia Lo Shuguang Wang Ranu BasuSocial Infrastructure and Vulnerability in the Suburbs examines how the combination of the low-density, car-centric geography of outer suburbs and neoliberal governance in the past several decades has affected disadvantaged populations in North American metro areas. Taking the example of York Region, a large outer suburb north of Toronto, the authors provide a spatial analysis that illuminates the invisible geography of vulnerability in the region.The volume examines access to social services by vulnerable groups who are not usually associated with the suburbs: recent immigrants, seniors, and low-income families. Investigating their access to four types of social infrastructure - education, employment, housing, and settlement services - this book presents a range of policy recommendations for how to address the social inequalities that characterize contemporary outer suburbs.
Social Innovation and Social Enterprises: Toward a Holistic Perspective (Issues in Business Ethics #62)
by Antonino Vaccaro Tommaso RamusThis book provides an exhaustive, critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with social enterprises and social innovation. More specifically, it addresses questions such as: What is a social innovation? Which are the best theories that explain how social innovations are generated and propagated in the global society? What is a social enterprise? Which are the theoretical perspectives that best describe the functioning of Social Enterprises , the threats and opportunities? How do social enterprises deal with the profit and non profit worlds and how these interactions affect their capability to be social innovators?The most recent literature has focused on strategies integrating conflicting logic, organizational practices or processes. In all these cases, the hybrid nature of the organization is implemented and sustained through original business models, new organizational arrangements and governance and novel strategies. We believe that the hybrid and institutional perspectives are just one of the many theoretical lenses that can be used to frame social innovation and social enterprises. Along this line, some have highlighted the inherent ethical nature of these phenomena, the critical role played by ethical values whose advancement go well beyond what expected by the corporate social responsibility, business ethics and institutional theorizing.This book follows these perspectives exploring the link between social innovation and social enterprises, presenting them as a new a new possible field of research that support new ways to understand and theorize individual, organizational and community behaviors.
Social Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Sport for Development and Peace (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society)
by Mitchell McSweeney Per G. Svensson Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst Parissa SafaiThis book examines the ways in which sport for development and peace (SDP) offers an opportunity for entrepreneurship to take place through and within sport, and how innovation in the context of SDP contributes to social and economic value for underrepresented and marginalised groups and individuals. Written by a team of leading international SDP researchers, and featuring the voices of active SDP practitioners, the book examines the ways in which entrepreneurs seek to use sport and/or social innovation in and through sport to achieve their goals of social and economic development. It explores the strategies that SDP organizations and practitioners are utilizing in the current neoliberal moment to not only survive during economic hardship - particularly during the COVID 19 crisis - but also to thrive, drawing on important concepts such as innovation, risk taking, proactiveness and opportunity seeking. It also considers how nongovernmental organizations, companies, governments, and communities are working to tackle development issues in SDP using non-traditional forms of organization and management, such as social enterprise models. Combining cutting-edge research with reflections on best practice in the field, this book is important reading for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in the sociology of sport, sport for development, sport management, development studies, social enterprise or innovation.
Social Innovation in Sport
by Anne TjønndalThis book provides fresh insights on how social innovations are utilized as strategies to make sport more accessible and inclusive. It does so by bringing together theoretical insights and empirical studies from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United States, Australia, Turkey and Belgium. Within the overarching topic of social innovation in sport, this book covers contemporary themes such as digitalization, urban planning, gender equality and innovation in sport policy and practice. It will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of sociology of sport, sport management, sport science and sociology.
Social Innovations in Post-Soviet Countries (Routledge Studies in Development and Society)
by Bakhrom RadjabovThis book evaluates the evolution of social innovation in post-Soviet Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Caucasus. Following the dissolution of the USSR, organisations such as the UNDP have encouraged local communities and governments to innovate in order to find solutions to existing social problems. This book demonstrates that progress with social innovations has varied, with countries with low government support such as Uzbekistan struggling, whereas countries with better government support and a more active civil society, such as Armenia and Ukraine, have seen more positive results. Covering the period 2012-2020 and a broad range of countries, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, this book provides an impressively broad-ranging critical analysis of post-Soviet social innovation. Including social innovations emerging as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak, this will be an important comparative study for researchers and practitioners working on social innovation, and to those with an interest in post-Soviet development.