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Spatial Literacy
by Epifania Akosua Amoo-AdareThis book makes the case for an urgent praxis of critical spatial literacy for African women. It provides a critical analysis of how Asante women negotiate and understand the politics of contemporary space in Accra and beyond and the effect it has on their lives, demonstrating how they critically 'read that world. '
Spatial Literary Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Space, Geography, and the Imagination (Routledge Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Literature)
by Robert T. Tally Jr.Following the spatial turn in the humanities and social sciences, Spatial Literary Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Space, Geography, and the Imagination offers a wide range of essays that reframe or transform contemporary criticism by focusing attention, in various ways, on the dynamic relations among space, place, and literature. These essays reflect upon the representation of space and place, whether in the real world, in imaginary universes, or in those hybrid zones where fiction meets reality. Working within or alongside related approaches, such as geocriticism, literary geography, and the spatial humanities, these essays examine the relationship between literary spatiality and different genres or media, such as film or television. The contributors to Spatial Literary Studies draw upon diverse critical and theoretical traditions in disclosing, analyzing, and exploring the significance of space, place, and mapping in literature and in the world, thus making new textual geographies and literary cartographies possible.
The Spatial Logic of Informal Urbanism: Inventraset Assemblages
by Kim Dovey Redento B. RecioHighly informalized cities of the global South are often portrayed as chaotic and out of control - this book reveals a spatial logic of informal urbanism that is central to the economic life and livelihoods of such cities. 'Inventraset' is a concept that shows how informal street vending, transport and settlement are fundamentally integrated with each other and the more formal city. Street vending and transport provide crucial forms of employment and mobility, while informal settlement is the key source of affordable and adaptable housing. Informal urbanism is not ideal but it is the way such cities work; it is often hidden or camouflaged within the ideal of a clean, green and modern city to which middle-classes and elites aspire. Through comparative studies, with a focus on Manila and Jakarta, the book maps and analyzes how such cities work through alliances and synergies between vending, transport and settlement - inventraset assemblages are inventive and transgressive, yet settled.
Spatial Mapping and Modelling for Kala-azar Disease (SpringerBriefs in Medical Earth Sciences)
by Gouri Sankar Bhunia Pravat Kumar ShitThis book addresses the current challenges in controlling Kala-azar disease (Visceral leishmaniasis) in India and other VL-endemic areas, and aims to develop and apply a geo-environmental risk model based on primary and secondary data with the aid of remote sensing and GIS technologies to assess and mitigate Kala-azar transmission. Through case studies carried out in India, the book provides insight into the relationship between geo-environmental variables and encroachments of Kala-azar, and identifies potential pathways for VL introduction to develop mitigation strategies using GIS and remote sensing technologies. The book critically assesses existing VL mitigation measures that do not adequately account for geo-environmental conditions, and analyzes the environmental factors that aid Kala-azar transmission using remote sensing, spatial statistics and data mining techniques. The book will be of interest to epidemiologists, researchers and practitioners using geospatial data practices to study disease transmission and associated monitoring technologies.
Spatial Microsimulation: A Reference Guide for Users
by Kimberley Edwards Robert TantonThis book is a practical guide on how to design, create and validate a spatial microsimulation model. These models are becoming more popular as academics and policy makers recognise the value of place in research and policy making. Recent spatial microsimulation models have been used to analyse health and social disadvantage for small areas; and to look at the effect of policy change for small areas. This provides a powerful analysis tool for researchers and policy makers. This book covers preparing the data for spatial microsimulation; a number of methods for both static and dynamic spatial microsimulation models; validation of the models to ensure the outputs are reasonable; and the future of spatial microsimulation. The book will be an essential handbook for any researcher or policy maker looking to design and create a spatial microsimulation model. This book will also be useful to those policy makers who are commissioning a spatial microsimulation model, or looking to commission work using a spatial microsimulation model, as it provides information on the different methods in a non-technical way.
Spatial Microsimulation for Rural Policy Analysis
by Cathal O'Donoghue Stephen Hynes Karyn Morrissey Graham Clarke Dimitris BallasThe aim of this book is to explore the challenges facing rural communities and economies and to demonstrate the potential of spatial microsimulation for policy and analysis in a rural context. This is done by providing a comprehensive overview of a particular spatial microsimulation model called SMILE (Simulation Model of the Irish Local Economy). The model has been developed over a ten year period for applied policy analyis in Ireland which is seen as an ideal study area given its large percentage of population living in rural areas. The book reviews the policy context and the state of the art in spatial microsimulation against which SMILE was developed, describes in detail its model design and calibration, and presents example of outputs showing what new information the model provides using a spatial matching process. The second part of the book explores a series of rural issues or problems, including the impacts of new or changing government or EU policies, and examines the contribution that spatial microsimulation can provide in each area.
Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Urban Form
by Biswajeet PradhanThis book discusses the application of Geospatial data, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies in analysis and modeling of urban growth process, and its pattern, with special focus on sprawl and compact form of urban development. The book explains these two kinds of urban forms (sprawl and compact urban development) in detail regarding their advantages, disadvantages, indicators, assessment, modeling, implementation and their relationship with urban sustainability. It confirms that the proposed modeling approaches, geospatial data and GIS are very practical for identifying urban growth, land use change patterns and their general trends in future. The analyses and modeling approaches presented in this book can be employed to guide the identification and measurements of the changes and growth likely to happen in urban areas. In addition, this book can be helpful for town planning and development in order to design urban areas in a compact form and eventually sustainable manner.
The Spatial Organisation of Urban Agriculture in the Global South: Food Security and Sustainable Cities (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Ada GórnaThis book examines the role and position of urban agriculture in the spatial and functional structure of cities in the Global South.In the face of dynamic urbanisation and negative consequences of climate change, one of the key challenges is not only how to provide food for the ever-growing urban population but also how to achieve urban sustainability and simultaneously reduce the negative impact of cities on the natural environment. These problems are particularly urgent in the metropolises of the Global South that are experiencing the greatest population growth while struggling with increasing social inequalities and the resulting uneven distribution of resources. Examining the role that urban agriculture can play in addressing these challenges, this book draws on three case study cities: Havana, Singapore and Kigali. The case studies, differing in socio-economic, spatial, political and environmental terms, exemplify diverse characteristics of urban agriculture in different geographical conditions. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in each city, the book also provides a unique perspective on the constraints in the development of urban agriculture and the use of its full potential for urban sustainability.This book will appeal to students and scholars, as well as decision makers, interested in the issues of urban sustainability, food security, spatial development and alternative food systems.
Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development
by Jen-Te Pai Ming Zhang Mitsuhiko Kawakami Xiao-Lu Gao Zhen-Jiang ShenThis book attempts to provide insights into the achievement of a sustainable urban form, through spatial planning and implementation; here, we focus on planning experiences at the levels of local cities and some metropolitan areas in Asian countries. This book investigates the impact of planning policy on spatial planning implementation, from multidisciplinary viewpoints encompassing land-use patterns, housing development, transportation, green design, and agricultural and ecological systems in the urbanization process. We seek to learn from researchers in an integrated multidisciplinary platform that reflects a variety of perspectives, such as economic development, social equality, and ecological protection, with a view to achieving a sustainable urban form.
Spatial Planning and the European Union: Europeanisation from Within (Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy)
by Eva PurkarthoferEuropean Union policies are intertwined with all sectors of public administration and governance in the member states, including spatial, urban and regional planning. Legal regulations like the Natura 2000 Directives, funding programmes associated with EU Cohesion Policy or strategies such as the Territorial Agenda 2030 all leave their mark on planning – yet with considerably different effects in Europe’s cities and regions.This book serves as a guide to navigate the connection points between EU policies and spatial planning by introducing the logics of EU policymaking and European spatial planning, outlining the most important EU policies with relevance for spatial planning and presenting examples, from Austria and Finland, of how EU policies are applied in domestic contexts. By exploring the Europeanisation of spatial planning ‘from within’, the book acknowledges how differential ideas about what spatial planning is and what role the EU plays therein shape the actualised impacts of EU policies.By providing a comprehensive perspective on the relevance of the European Union for spatial planning, this book is ideal for students, academics and administrators who want to grasp how the EU shapes and affects planning practice in Europe’s cities and regions.
Spatial Planning and Urban Development
by Pier Carlo Palermo Davide PonziniUrban planning is a complex field of knowledge and practice. Through the decades, theoretical debate has formed an eclectic set of possible perspectives, without finding, in our opinion, a coherent paradigmatic framework which can adequately guide the interpretation and action in urban planning. The hypothesis of this book is that the attempts of founding an autonomous planning theory are inadequate if they do not explore two interconnected fields: architecture and public policies.The book critically reviews a selected set of current practices and theoretical founding works of modern and contemporary urban planning by highlighting the continuous search for the epistemic legitimization of a large variety of experiences. The distinctive contribution of this book is a documented critique to the eclecticism and abstraction of the main international trends in current planning theory. The dialogic relationship with the traditions of architecture and public policy is proposed here in order to critically review planning theory and practice. The outcome is the proposal of a paradigmatic framework that, in the authors' opinion, can adequately guide reflections and actions. A pragmatic and interpretative heritage and the project-orientated approach are the basis of this new spatial planning paradigm.
Spatial Planning in Ghana: Origins, Contemporary Reforms And Practices, And New Perspectives (The Urban Book Series)
by Ransford A. AcheampongThis book documents and analyses spatial planning in Ghana, providing a comprehensive and critical discussion of the evolving institutional and legal arrangements that have shaped and defined Ghana’s spatial planning system for more than seven decades; the contemporary policy instruments and mechanisms for articulating and implementing policies and proposals at multiple scales; and the formally established procedures for development management. It covers important themes in contemporary spatial planning discourse, including the evolving meaning, scope and purpose of spatial planning globally; the scales of spatial planning (i.e. national, regional, sub-regional and local); multi-level integration within spatial planning; public participation; the interface between urbanization, sustainable growth management and spatial planning; spatial planning and housing development; integrated spatial development and transportation planning; and spatial planning and the urban informal economy. Intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and academic researchers and practitioners/policy-makers in the multidisciplinary field of spatial planning, it appeals to readers seeking an international perspective on spatial planning systems and practices.
Spatial Planning in Service Delivery: Towards Distributive Justice in South Africa
by Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha Lovemore ChipunguThis volume presents a detailed synthesis of the historical, present-day and future state of service delivery in South Africa. The generation and distribution of services in any geographical space has been and is always a source of inequality in human society. Thus, in the context of spatial planning, space is the major factor through which distributive justice and sustainable development can be achieved. To examine the continuation of spatial inequality in service delivery, the authors employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods in a multi-pronged approach, utilizing empirical data from the Vembe District in Limpopo, data from the South African Index of Multiple Deprivation, and representative attitudinal data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey. Ultimately, this study examines spatial differences in living environments with a focus on the distribution of household services and discusses strategies to achieve spatial equality.
Spatial Planning Systems of Britain and France: A Comparative Analysis
by Philip Booth Michèle Breuillard Charles Fraser Didier ParisSpatial Planning Systems of Britain and France brings together a wide selection of comparative essays to highlight the fundamental similarities and differences between the spatial planning in Great Britain and France: two countries that are near neighbours and yet have developed very different modes of planning in terms of their structure, practical application and underlying philosophies. Drawing on the outcomes of the Franco-British Planning Study Group and with a foreword by Vincent Renard of the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, the book offers a comparative investigation of the basic contexts for planning in both countries, including its administrative, economic, financial and legal implications, and then move on to illustrate themes such as urban policy and transport planning through detailed analysis and case studies. From these investigations the book brings together planning concepts from both a national and European perspective, looking particularly at two current issues: the effects of urban growth on small market towns and the use of Public-Private partnerships to implement development projects. Spatial Planning Systems of Britain and France will prove invaluable to policy makers and practitioners in both countries at a time when national policy is beginning to look towards practice in other countries. The book is published simultaneously in English and French opening up a wider debate between the English-speaking and francophone worlds.
Spatial Politics: Essays For Doreen Massey (RGS-IBG Book Series #43)
by David FeatherstoneThis critical engagement with Doreen Massey’s ground-breaking work in geographic theory and its relationship to politics features specially commissioned essays from former students and colleagues, as well as the artists, political figures and activists whose thinking she has helped to shape. It seeks to mark and take forward her compelling contributions to geographical theorizing and political debate. High profile contributors include Lawrence Grossberg, Chantal Mouffe, Jamie Peck and Jane Wills The global reach and significance of Massey’s work recommends this volume to a diverse readership Provides an agenda for work on spatial politics and critical geography Sets out the contours of a human geography informed by Doreen Massey’s work
Spatial Questions: Cultural Topologies and Social Spatialisation
by Rob Shields"Rob Shields provides here an immensely sophisticated and detailed examination of the topological turn. He has been examining these issues for some decades and this book will surely become the standard work on cultural and spatial topology" - John Urry, Distinguished Professor, Department of Sociology, Lancaster University Our understanding of space is crucial to the way in which we understand major social problems and issues and the way we develop and maintain our worldviews. Building from a history of philosophical and geographical theories of space, Shields presents the importance of spatialisation and cultural topology in social theory and the possibilities that lie within these theoretical tools. Innovative and thought-provoking, this book goes beyond traditional ideas of spatiality and temporality to understand the multiplicity of spatialisations and relates them to everyday life.
Spatial Regression Models
by Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Michael D. WardNOTE: Updated R code for use with this volume, along with other resources, is available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/srm_book.html Spatial Regression Models illustrates the use of spatial analysis in the social sciences. The text includes sections that cover different modeling-related topics: mapping and making projections; doing exploratory spatial data analysis; working with models which have lagged endogenous right-handed side variables; using spatial error correction models; employing conditionally autoregressive models; and dealing with over-time panels exhibiting spatial structures. Each of the modeling-based discussions includes separate delineations of how to proceed when dealing with main variables that are quantitative as well as qualitative. In each section, the authors employ prominent and diverse examples, introducing readers to key literature in the field. The examples are presented along with relevant data and programs written in the R, which illustrate exactly how to undertake the analyses described. The book ends with a chapter that covers techniques for presenting spatial information. Key Features Geared toward social science readers, unlike other volumes on this topic. Illustrates concepts using well-known international, comparative, and national examples of spatial regression analysis. Presents each example alongside relevant data and code, which is also available on a Web site maintained by the authors. Learn more about “The Little Green Book” - QASS Series! Click Here
Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences (Advanced Quantitative Techniques in the Social Sciences #14)
by Dr. Guangqing Chi Jun ZhuSpace and geography are important aspects of social science research in fields such as criminology, sociology, political science, and public health. Many social scientists are interested in the spatial clustering of various behaviors and events. There has been a rapid development of interest in regression methods for analyzing spatial data over recent years, but little available on the topic that is aimed at graduate students and advanced undergraduate classes in the social sciences (most texts are for the natural sciences, or regional science, or economics, and require a good understanding of advanced statistics and probability theory). Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences fills the gap, and focuses on the methods that are commonly used by social scientists. Each spatial regression method is introduced in the same way. Guangqing Chi and Jun Zhu explain what each method is and when and how to apply it, by connecting it to social science research topics. They try to avoid mathematical formulas and symbols as much as possible. Secondly, throughout the book they use the same social science example to demonstrate applications of each method and what the results can tell us. Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences provides comprehensive coverage of spatial regression methods for social scientists and introduces the methods in an easy-to-follow manner.
Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences (Advanced Quantitative Techniques in the Social Sciences #14)
by Dr. Guangqing Chi Jun ZhuSpace and geography are important aspects of social science research in fields such as criminology, sociology, political science, and public health. Many social scientists are interested in the spatial clustering of various behaviors and events. There has been a rapid development of interest in regression methods for analyzing spatial data over recent years, but little available on the topic that is aimed at graduate students and advanced undergraduate classes in the social sciences (most texts are for the natural sciences, or regional science, or economics, and require a good understanding of advanced statistics and probability theory). Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences fills the gap, and focuses on the methods that are commonly used by social scientists. Each spatial regression method is introduced in the same way. Guangqing Chi and Jun Zhu explain what each method is and when and how to apply it, by connecting it to social science research topics. They try to avoid mathematical formulas and symbols as much as possible. Secondly, throughout the book they use the same social science example to demonstrate applications of each method and what the results can tell us. Spatial Regression Models for the Social Sciences provides comprehensive coverage of spatial regression methods for social scientists and introduces the methods in an easy-to-follow manner.
Spatial Regulation in New York City: From Urban Renewal to Zero Tolerance (Routledge Advances in Geography)
by Themis ChronopoulosThis book explores and critiques the process of spatial regulation in post-war New York, focusing on the period after the fiscal crisis of the 1970s, examining the ideological underpinnings and practical applications of urban renewal, exclusionary zoning, anti-vagrancy laws, and order-maintenance policing. It argues that these practices were part of a class project that deflected attention from the underlying causes of poverty, eroded civil rights, and sought to enable real estate investment, high-end consumption, mainstream tourism, and corporate success.
The Spatial Scale of Crime: How Physical and Social Distance Drive the Spatial Location of Crime
by John R. HippCombining insights from two distinct research traditions—the communities and crime tradition that focuses on why some neighborhoods have more crime than others, and the burgeoning crime and place literature that focuses on crime in micro-geographic units—this book explores the spatial scale of crime. Criminologist John Hipp articulates a new theoretical perspective that provides an individual- and household-level theory to underpin existing ecological models of neighborhoods and crime. A focus is maintained on the agents of change within neighborhoods and communities, and how households nested in neighborhoods might come to perceive problems in the neighborhood and then have a choice of exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect (EVLN). A characteristic of many crime incidents is that they happen at a particular spatial location and a point in time. These two simple insights suggest the need for both a spatial and a longitudinal perspective in studying crime events. The spatial question focuses on why crime seems to occur more frequently in some locations than others, and the consequences of this for certain areas of cities, or neighborhoods. The longitudinal component focuses on how crime impacts, and is impacted by, characteristics of the environment. This book looks at where offenders, targets, and guardians might live, and where they might spatially travel throughout the environment, exploring how vibrant neighborhoods are generated, how neighborhoods change, and what determines why some neighborhoods decline over time while others avoid this fate. Hipp’s theoretical model provides a cohesive response to the general question of the spatial scale of crime and articulates necessary future directions for the field. This book is essential for students and scholars interested in spatial-temporal criminology.
Spatial Socio-econometric Modeling: A Low-Code Toolkit for Spatial Data Science and Interactive Visualizations Using R (Springer Texts in Social Sciences)
by Manuel S. González CanchéWith the primary goal of expanding access to spatial data science tools, this book offers dozens of minimal or low-code functions and tutorials designed to ease the implementation of fully reproducible Spatial Socio-Econometric Modeling (SSEM) analyses. Designed as a University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. level course for sociologists, political scientists, urban planners, criminologists, and data scientists, this textbook equips social scientists with all concepts, explanations, and functions required to strengthen their data storytelling. It specifically provides social scientists with a comprehensive set of open-access minimal code tools to:•Identify and access place-based longitudinal and cross-sectional data sources and formats•Conduct advanced data management, including crosswalks, joining, and matching•Fully connect social network analyses with geospatial statistics•Formulate research questions designed to account for place-based factors in model specification and assess their relevance compared to individual- or unit-level indicators•Estimate distance measures across units that follow road network paths •Create sophisticated and interactive HTML data visualizations cross-sectionally or longitudinally, to strengthen research storytelling capabilities•Follow best practices for presenting spatial analyses, findings, and implications•Master theories on neighborhood effects, equality of opportunity, and geography of (dis)advantage that undergird SSEM applications and methods•Assess multicollinearity issues via machine learning that may affect coefficients' estimates and guide the identification of relevant predictors•Strategize how to address feedback loops by using SSEM as an identification framework that can be merged with standard quasi-experimental techniques like propensity score models, instrumental variables, and difference in differences•Expand the SSEM analyses to connections that emerge via social interactions, such as co-authorship and advice networks, or any form of relational dataThe applied nature of the book along with the cost-free, multi-operative R software makes the usability and applicability of this textbook worldwide.
Spatial Statistical Methods for Geography
by Peter A. RogersonThis accessible new textbook offers a straightforward introduction to doing spatial statistics. Grounded in real world examples, it shows you how to extend traditional statistical methods for use with spatial data. The book assumes basic mathematical and statistics knowledge but also provides a handy refresher guide, so that you can develop your understanding and progress confidently. It also: · Equips you with the tools to both interpret and apply spatial statistical methods · Engages with the unique considerations that apply when working with geographic data · Helps you build your knowledge of key spatial statistical techniques, such as methods of geographic cluster detection.
Spatial Statistical Methods for Geography
by Peter A. RogersonThis accessible new textbook offers a straightforward introduction to doing spatial statistics. Grounded in real world examples, it shows you how to extend traditional statistical methods for use with spatial data. The book assumes basic mathematical and statistics knowledge but also provides a handy refresher guide, so that you can develop your understanding and progress confidently. It also: · Equips you with the tools to both interpret and apply spatial statistical methods · Engages with the unique considerations that apply when working with geographic data · Helps you build your knowledge of key spatial statistical techniques, such as methods of geographic cluster detection.
Spatial Structures: Introducing the Study of Spatial Systems in Human Geography (Routledge Revivals)
by R. J. JohnstonOriginally published in 1973, this book synthesizes the mass of material into an introduction to the study of spatial systems. Geographic literature of the time stressed the influence of the distance between places on both location decision-making and movement patterns, arguing that the spatial system is an ordered set of interacting locations. This system is created by human decisions, influenced by the distance factor, and the system’s morphology constrains further activities, including those which would alter it. Spatial Structures outlines the development of such systems, their present organization, and the ways in which they are changing. These themes are dealt with in three main chapters which focus on different spatial scales – the individual city, the nation state and the international system, within a simple classification of spatially organized activities.