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Technology and the Culture of Progress in Meiji Japan (Routledge/Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA) East Asian Series)
by David G. WittnerIn this book David Wittner situates Japan’s Meiji Era experience of technology transfer and industrial modernization within the realm of culture, politics, and symbolism, examining how nineteenth century beliefs in civilization and enlightenment influenced the process of technological choice. Through case studies of the iron and silk industries, Wittner argues that the Meiji government’s guiding principle was not simply economic development or providing a technical model for private industry as is commonly claimed. Choice of technique was based on the ability of a technological artifact to import Western "civilization" to Japan: Meiji officials’ technological choices were firmly situated within perceptions of authority, modernity, and their varying political agendas. Technological artifacts could also be used as instruments of political legitimization. By late the Meiji Era, the former icons of Western civilization had been transformed into the symbols of Japanese industrial and military might. A fresh and engaging re-examination of Japanese industrialization within the larger framework of the Meiji Era, this book will appeal to scholars and students of science, technology, and society as well as Japanese history and culture.
Technology and the Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Trends in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry (Routledge Revivals)
by John. O AdeotiThis title was first published in 2002. Why do firms adopt pollution control technologies? How can environmental policy be strengthened? How can technology and industrial policies achieve green innovation? This volume critically examines whether the "stimulus-response" notion of environmental policy functions as the primary motivation for the adoption of pollution control technologies. It also questions whether technology and industrial policies can help to achieve the objective of green innovation. Interesting and well-researched empirical case studies offer important insights into the observed trends in the quantitative analysis. Focusing in particular on Nigerian industry, John Adeoti exposes the gains from and constraints upon firms' technology investment in pollution control.
Technology and the Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Trends in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry (Routledge Revivals)
by John. O AdeotiThis title was first published in 2002. Why do firms adopt pollution control technologies? How can environmental policy be strengthened? How can technology and industrial policies achieve green innovation? This volume critically examines whether the "stimulus-response" notion of environmental policy functions as the primary motivation for the adoption of pollution control technologies. It also questions whether technology and industrial policies can help to achieve the objective of green innovation. Interesting and well-researched empirical case studies offer important insights into the observed trends in the quantitative analysis. Focusing in particular on Nigerian industry, John Adeoti exposes the gains from and constraints upon firms' technology investment in pollution control.
Technology and the Future of Work: Reshaping the Workplace (Towards Sustainable Futures)
by Balwant Singh Mehta Bharat SinghThis book examines how the progress of digital technology is transforming the world of work, skill demand, labour market institutions, and regulations in countries like India. It studies the challenges, opportunities, and current and future contributions of digital technologies. The volume poses salient questions regarding the ICT sector, I4.0 technologies, the gig economy, remote work, and the regulatory environment, and interrogates the policy and regulatory measures needed to promote more inclusive and decent work in the future.Part of the Towards Sustainable Futures series, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of economics, sustainable development, sociology of work, labour economics, Indian economy, public policy, and human resource management. It will also be extremely useful to policymakers, government organisations, civil society organisations, and those in the corporate sector.
Technology and the Intelligence Community: Challenges And Advances For The 21st Century (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Margaret E. KosalThis volume examines the role of technology in gathering, assimilating and utilizing intelligence information through the ages. Pushing the boundaries of existing works, the articles contained here take a broad view of the use and implementation of technology and intelligence procedures during the cold war era and the space race, the September 2011 attacks, and more recent cyber operations. It looks at the development of different technologies, procedural implications thereof, and the underlying legal and ethical implications. The findings are then used to explore the future trends in technology including cyber operations, big data, open source intelligence, smart cities, and augmented reality. Starting from the core aspects of technical capabilities the articles dig deeper, exploring the hard and soft infrastructure of intelligence gathering procedures and focusing on the human and bureaucratic procedures involved therein.Technology and innovation have played an important role in determining the course of development of the intelligence community. Intelligence gathering for national security, however, is not limited only to the thread of technical capabilities but is a complex fabric of organizational structures, systemic undercurrents, and the role of personnel in key positions of decision making. The book’s findings and conclusions encompass not just temporal variation but also cut across a diverse set of issue areas. This compilation is uniquely placed in the interdisciplinary space combining the lessons from key cases in the past to current developments and implementation of technology options.
Technology and Women's Empowerment (Routledge Studies in Gender and Economics)
by Ewa LechmanThe near-ubiquitous spread of ICT offers unprecedented opportunities for social and economic agents, reshapes social and economic structures and drives the emergence of socioeconomic networks. This book contributes to the growing body of literature and present state of knowledge, offering the reader broad evidence on how new information and communication technologies impact women’s economic and social empowerment and hence have an impact on overall welfare creation. More specifically, it concentrates on demonstrating how ICT may become "empowering technologies" through their implementation. The book is designed to provide deep insight into the theoretical and empirical evidence on ICT as a significant driver of women`s social and economic development. Special focus is given to examining the following broad topics: channels of ICT impact on women's development; the role of ICT in enhancing women's active participation in formal labor markets; examples of how ICT encourages education, skills development, institutions development et alia, and thus contributes to women’s social and economic empowerment, as well as case-based evidence on ICT's role in fostering women’s equality. The primary audience for the book will be scholars and academic professionals from a wide variety of disciplines but mainly those who are concerned with addressing the issues of economic development and growth, social development, the role of technology progress in the context of broadly defined socioeconomic progress.
Technology and Women's Voices: Keeping in Touch
by Cheris KramaraeFirst published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Technology Applications in Prevention
by Steven GodinControl health care costs with these cost-effective, technology-based prevention/intervention techniques!In 2001, Americans spent $1.4 trillion on health care services. By 2010, health care costs are forecasted to approach 20% of the United States&’ Gross National Product. Technology Applications in Prevention highlights much-needed technology-based prevention/intervention methods that can help contain health costs. "Efficient and Effective Uses of Technology in Community Research" provides the information that future prevention researchers and program evaluators will need to be effective in electronic data collection, management, and cost analysis. "Community Building with Technology: The Development of Collaborative Community Technology Initiatives" presents a case example showing how Web sites can function as regional clearinghouses of useful information and provide convenient forums where agency staff can update their prevention skills. "Applying Web-Based Survey Design Standards" addresses a question critical to professionals in e-data collection: How reliable is Web-based needs assessment and/or outcome data? This chapter suggests standards that should be adhered to in Internet-based data collection. "Assessing Quality Assurance of Self-Help Sites on the Internet" and "The Quality of Spanish Health Information Web Sites: An Emerging Disparity" address the current lack of quality in the health and mental health information available on the World Wide Web. "A Participatory Internet Initiative in an African-American Neighborhood" explores health disparity concerns regarding the use of the Internet. This chapter discusses several ways to empower those who are on the dark side of the "digital divide"-and shows how to ensure that Web-based material is culturally relevant and appropriate for those it is intended to help. "Alcohol Abuse Prevention Among High-Risk Youth" presents a case example of a life-skills based CD-ROM intervention designed to discourage kids from abusing alcohol. "Constructing Better Futures Via Video" looks at video-based futures planning, which combines self-modeling and "feedforward" to forecast a student&’s future capabilities. This technique helps teenagers find meaning in their current educational setting and prepare for adulthood. This chapter also explains how to train school-based personnel to encourage positive attitudes and support the life skills of their students via carefully planned and edited-yet inexpensive-video productions.Why is the information in this book so essential? In 2000, approximately 20% of U.S. employers changed their health insurance plans as a cost savings strategy. American companies and their employees must new deal with new insurance plans that have reduced the breadth of their coverage and/or increased employee deductibles. The need for cost-effective preventive strategies is becoming increasingly more urgent as employers and insurance companies scramble to provide affordable health care coverage. New technologies have opened the door to better, more economical modes of preventive care. This book presents a vital cross-section of the current state of the art in the application of technology to prevention and intervention. Make it a part of your professional/teaching collection today!
Technology as Experience
by John Mccarthy Peter WrightJohn and Peter argue that any account of what is often called the user experience must take into consideration the emotional, intellectual, and sensual aspects of our interactions with technology. We don't just use technology, they point out; we live with it.
Technology as Human Social Tradition
by Peter JordanTechnology as Human Social Tradition outlines a novel approach to studying variability and cumulative change in human technology--prominent research themes in both archaeology and anthropology. Peter Jordan argues that human material culture is best understood as an expression of social tradition. In this approach, each artifact stands as an output of a distinctive operational sequence with specific choices made at each stage in its production. Jordan also explores different material culture traditions that are propagated through social learning, factors that promote coherent lineages of tradition to form, and the extent to which these cultural lineages exhibit congruence with one another and with language history. Drawing on the application of cultural transmission theory to empirical research, Jordan develops a descent-with-modification perspective on the technology of Northern Hemisphere hunter-gatherers. Case studies from indigenous societies in Northwest Siberia, the Pacific Northwest Coast, and Northern California provide cross-cultural insights related to the evolution of material culture traditions at different social and spatial scales. This book promises new ways of exploring some of the primary factors that generate human cultural diversity in the deep past and through to the present.
Technology-Assisted Delivery of School Based Mental Health Services: Defining School Social Work for the 21st Century
by Bhavna PahwaLearn how computer technology is helping school social workers collect information and synthesize it into meaningful data! Technology-Assisted Delivery of School Based Mental Health Services: Defining School Social Work for the 21st Century explores the many technological advances in school social work practices. This book also illustrates the ways technology is being used to manage and evaluate services provided by school social workers. This vital book contains: ways to use new technology to prevent and treat mental health issues in children through safe and effective learning experiences information on how biofeedback can be used to empower children to become more aware of their physical and emotional reactions to environmental stimuli an annotated bibliography of Internet sites covering topics and issues frequently encountered by social workers examinations of exciting software applications, including BARN, From Mad to Worse, Conflict Management, and Smart Team methods of online data collection for use in school social work practices and more!
Technology Change and the Rise of New Industries
by Jeffrey L. FunkTechnology Change and the Rise of New Industries explores why new industries emerge at specific moments in time and in certain countries. Part I shows that technologies which experience "exponential" improvements in cost and performance have a greater chance of becoming new industries. When "low-end" discontinuities incur exponential improvements, they often displace the dominant technologies and become "disruptive" innovations. Part II explores this phenomenon and instances in which discontinuities spawn new industries because they impact higher-level systems. Part III addresses a different set of questions—ones that consider the challenges of new industries for firms and governments. Part IV uses ideas from the previous chapters to analyze the present and future of selected technologies. Based on analyses of many industries, including those with an electronic and clean energy focus, this book challenges the conventional wisdom that performance dramatically rises following the emergence of a new technology, that costs fall due to increases in cumulative production, and that low-end innovations automatically become disruptive ones.
Technology Choice: A Critique Of The Appropriate Technology Movement
by Kelvin W WilloughbyThis book attempts to provide a theoretical framework for answering difficult questions evoked by the concept of technology choice primarily by conducting a review of the Appropriate Technology movement and its ideas and experiments.
Technology Choices
by Diane E. Bailey Paul M. LeonardiWhy do people who perform largely the same type of work make different technology choices in the workplace? An automotive design engineer working in India, for example, finds advanced information and communication technologies essential, allowing him to work with far-flung colleagues; a structural engineer in California relies more on paper-based technologies for her everyday work; and a software engineer in Silicon Valley operates on multiple digital levels simultaneously all day, continuing after hours on a company-supplied home computer and network connection. In Technology Choices, Diane Bailey and Paul Leonardi argue that occupational factors -- rather than personal preference or purely technological concerns -- strongly shape workers' technology choices. Drawing on extensive field work -- a decade's worth of observations and interviews in seven engineering firms in eight countries -- Bailey and Leonardi challenge the traditional views of technology choices: technological determinism and social constructivism. Their innovative occupational perspective allows them to explore how external forces shape ideas, beliefs, and norms in ways that steer individuals to particular technology choices -- albeit in somewhat predictable and generalizable ways. They examine three relationships at the heart of technology choices: human to technology, technology to technology, and human to human. An occupational perspective, they argue, helps us not only to understand past technology choices, but also to predict future ones.
Technology Choices: Why Occupations Differ in Their Embrace of New Technology (Acting with Technology)
by Diane E. Bailey Paul M. LeonardiAn analysis of the occupational factors that shape the technology choices made by people who perform the same type of work. Why do people who perform largely the same type of work make different technology choices in the workplace? An automotive design engineer working in India, for example, finds advanced information and communication technologies essential, allowing him to work with far-flung colleagues; a structural engineer in California relies more on paper-based technologies for her everyday work; and a software engineer in Silicon Valley operates on multiple digital levels simultaneously all day, continuing after hours on a company-supplied home computer and network connection. In Technology Choices, Diane Bailey and Paul Leonardi argue that occupational factors—rather than personal preference or purely technological concerns—strongly shape workers' technology choices. Drawing on extensive field work—a decade's worth of observations and interviews in seven engineering firms in eight countries—Bailey and Leonardi challenge the traditional views of technology choices: technological determinism and social constructivism. Their innovative occupational perspective allows them to explore how external forces shape ideas, beliefs, and norms in ways that steer individuals to particular technology choices—albeit in somewhat predictable and generalizable ways. They examine three relationships at the heart of technology choices: human to technology, technology to technology, and human to human. An occupational perspective, they argue, helps us not only to understand past technology choices, but also to predict future ones.
Technology, Commercialization and Gender
by Pooran Wynarczyk Marina RangaThis timely collection seeks to advance our understanding of the role of women in technology commercialization. Widely acknowledged as the fundamental components of economic prosperity and global competitiveness, current literature on the management of technological change focuses on processes and institutions and neglects to address gender dimensions. Responding to this pressing need to critically examine women's participation and contribution, Technology, Commercialization and Gender addresses the construction of gendered identities within predominantly male-dominated work environments such as technology transfer, patenting, licensing and management of Intellectual Property Rights and R&D. With contributions from globally renowned scholars this important book aims to broaden the current understanding of the dynamics and implications of this phenomenon and as such, seeks to address gaps in knowledge at an international level.
Technology, Crime and Justice: The Question Concerning Technomia (Routledge International Handbooks Ser.)
by Michael McGuireAs technology comes to characterize our world in ever more comprehensive ways there are increasing questions about how the 'rights' and 'wrongs' of technological use can be adequately categorized. To date, the scope of such questions have been limited – focused upon specific technologies such as the internet, or bio-technology with little sense of any social or historical continuities in the way technology in general has been regulated. In this book, for the first time, the 'question of technology' and its relation to criminal justice is approached as a whole. Technology, Crime and Justice analyzes a range of technologies, (including information, communications, nuclear, biological, transport and weapons technologies, amongst many others) in order to pose three interrelated questions about their affects upon criminal justice and criminal opportunity: to what extent can they really be said to provide new criminal opportunity or to enhance existing ones? what are the key characteristics of the ways in which such technologies have been regulated? how does technology itself serve as a regulatory force – both in crime control and social control more widely? Technology, Crime and Justice considers the implications of contemporary technology for the practice of criminal justice and relates them to key historical precedents in the way technology has been interpreted and controlled. It outlines a new ‘social’ way of thinking about technology – in terms of its affects upon our bodies and what they can do, most obviously the ways in which social life and our ability to causally interact with the world is ‘extended’ in various ways. It poses the question – could anything like a ‘Technomia’ of technology be identified – a recognizable set of principles and sanctions which govern the way that it is produced and used, principles also consistent with our sense of justice? This book provides a key resource for students and scholars of both criminology and technology studies.
Technology, Culture, Family
by Elizabeth B. SilvaThis book examines connections between personal, relational and material matters in everyday life in the context of broader and long standing social problems. It explores the connections between mundane practices in the reproduction of our bodies and our relations with those we live with, and the technological practices that inform daily life.
Technology, Defense, And External Relations In China, 1975-1978
by Harry G. GelberThis volume surveys efforts by China's post-Mao leadership to adopt modern technology in China's industrial and economic sectors while focusing new attention on an increasingly obsolescent defense structure. The author presents these efforts against the background of the external political and military environment to which the PRC must react. He outlines the foreign policy and strategic problems that faced the new administration as it came to power in Peking and examines the military, industrial, and technical resources currently at China's disposal as well as changes that have been proposed, implemented, or that may be required in the future. Finally, he suggests some of the limitations circumscribing government policy in these areas and some of the choices that lie ahead.
Technology Development Assistance for Agriculture: Putting research into use in low income countries (Routledge Explorations in Development Studies)
by Norman Clark Andy Frost Ian Maudlin Andrew WardStemming from an 11-year DFID funded programme under its Renewable Natural Resources Research Strategy (RNRRS), Technology Development Assistance for Agriculture: Putting Research into Low Income Countries reviews part of this programme as a case study of a broader issue of technology development for Africa. Controversially, it critiques current international technology development assistance and focuses on the potential role of the private sector in agricultural technology development as well as providing insights for future cognate science policy and practice. The book focuses on the RIU "Best Bets" Africa sub-programme. This identified promising proposals to take existing agriculture research products and put these into use in ways that would benefit the poor in developing countries. The sum set aside for this was £5 million. The empirical sections of the book cover project selection, progress and programme management over a 2009-2012 period with special attention paid to lessons learned that may have implications for future cognate technology development assistance. This topical book gives direct evidence of meeting objectives and delivering real changes in technology development for Africa to postgraduate students, researchers, international bodies, NGOs, policy makers and government organisations working on natural resource management, technology development assistance, and low income country agriculture.
Technology, Energy, and Health (Entering the Shift Age, eBook #6)
by David HouleWe are leaving the Information Age and transitioning into the Shift Age, a time of transformation and change that offers both great risk and incredible opportunity. In Entering the Shift Age, David Houle identifies and explains the dynamics and forces that have shaped our world and will continue to reshape our world for the next 20 years. He shows how the Shift Age means a world fully global yet focused on the individual, where the speed of change is so fast that change itself is the new norm. He also comments from the front lines of the Shift Age on issues and topics that affect our lives, from business and technology to environment, media and global culture. eBook 6 looks at three of the most significant areas of change in the Shift Age, offering a high-level tour of the major changes and trends in technology, energy, medicine, and health management.
Technology-Enhanced Methods of Money Laundering: Internet As Criminal Means
by Fausto Martin De SanctisThis book identifies and examines the novel ways in which money is laundered internationally through illegal activities on the internet, focusing on sales, payments, social media, online gaming, and tax misapplication. Technology-enhanced methods that enable money laundering are now a significant portion of malicious cyber activities and deterring its commission is a high order priority. Although powered by modern tools, investigators, prosecutors, judges and regulatory agencies in most countries are not equipped to accurately detect, investigate and prosecute this type of criminal activity. It makes a case for broader institutional and regulatory improvement, formulating a basis for detecting evolving money laundering schemes with multiple focuses on sales, payments, social media, online gaming, and tax misapplication. Revealing the newest techniques used by criminals, currently neglected by law enforcement in most countries, and discusses the best approaches to combat these crimes, this book will be useful as a guide for law enforcement, prosecutors, judges, and others involved in efforts to curb online crimes.
Technology Fears and Scapegoats: 40 Myths About Privacy, Jobs, AI, and Today’s Innovation Economy
by Robert D. Atkinson David MoschellaTechnologies and tech companies are routinely accused of creating many societal problems. This book exposes these charges as mostly myths, falsehoods, and exaggerations. Technology Fears and Scapegoats debunks 40 widespread myths about Big Tech, Big Data, AI, privacy, trust, polarization, automation, and similar fears, while exposing the scapegoating behind these complaints. The result is a balanced and positive view of the societal impact of technology thus far. The book takes readers through the steps and mindset necessary to restore the West’s belief in technological progress. Each individual chapter provides a cogent and often controversial rebuttal to a common tech accusation. The resulting text will inspire conversations among tech insiders, policymakers, and the general public alike.
Technology For Adaptive Aging
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesEmerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.
Technology, Gender and History in Imperial China: Great Transformations Reconsidered (Asia's Transformations/Critical Asian Scholarship)
by Francesca BrayWhat can the history of technology contribute to our understanding of late imperial China? Most stories about technology in pre-modern China follow a well-worn plot: in about 1400 after an early ferment of creativity that made it the most technologically sophisticated civilisation in the world, China entered an era of technical lethargy and decline. But how are we to reconcile this tale, which portrays China in the Ming and Qing dynasties as a dying giant that had outgrown its own strength, with the wealth of counterevidence affirming that the country remained rich, vigorous and powerful at least until the end of the eighteenth century? Does this seeming contradiction mean that the stagnation story is simply wrong, or perhaps that technology was irrelevant to how imperial society worked? Or does it imply that historians of technology should ask better questions about what technology was, what it did and what it meant in pre-modern societies like late imperial China? In this book, Francesca Bray explores subjects such as technology and ethics, technology and gendered subjectivities (both female and male), and technology and statecraft to illuminate how material settings and practices shaped topographies of everyday experience and ideologies of government, techniques of the self and technologies of the subject. Examining technologies ranging from ploughing and weaving to drawing pictures, building a house, prescribing medicine or composing a text, this book offers a rich insight into the interplay between the micro- and macro-politics of everyday life and the workings of governmentality in late imperial China, showing that gender principles were woven into the very fabric of empire, from cosmology and ideologies of rule to the material foundations of the state and the everyday practices of the domestic sphere. This authoritative text will be welcomed by students and scholars of Chinese history, as well as those working on global history and the histories of gender, technology and agriculture. Furthermore, it will be of great use to those interested in social and cultural anthropology and material culture.