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Traditional Organized Crime in the Modern World
by Henk van de Bunt Dina SiegelDespite strenuous efforts from local, national, and international law enforcement, organized crime continues to thrive and prosper--even centuries-old crime outfits are surviving the global forces of mass migration and multinational business and finance. From traditional gangland enterprises such as narcotics, gambling, and prostitution, the world's mafias have moved into new sources of illegal income, including high-tech arms smuggling, money laundering, and identity fraud. Traditional Crime in the Modern World tracks these organizations--the Italian and Mexican mafias, Columbian drug cartels, Chinese triads, and others--across five continents as they adapt to change, and assesses their prospects in the short and long term. World events such as the collapse of the Soviet Union and the 9/11 terror attacks are discussed in the context of contributing to emerging markets for illicit goods and services, and to evolving partnerships among criminal entities. This timely volume: * Provides a comprehensive overview of how mafia-like structures function today. * Analyzes in depth national crime situations with global implications. * Examines the migration of organized crime groups and their operations in their new countries. * Gauges the influence of digital and other technologies on organized crime. * Where applicable, notes the links between organized crime and national political institutions. * Describes the impact of the global financial crisis on crime organizations. Concise, compelling, and deeply documented, Traditional Crime in the Modern World is an eye-opening resource for researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly with an interest in organized crime and trafficking, as well as related topics of Demography, Political Science, and International Relations.
Traditional Urbanism Response to Climate Change: Walled City of Jaipur (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)
by Anjali Krishan SharmaThe book focuses on the key contemporary issue of Climate change, constructing the narrative from traditions’ of Urbanism through its Axiology and Epistemology. The book is a rich collection of seven chapters and attempts to address each of the aspects and building further for traditional Urbanism. The book further explores the synergies of traditional urbanism for Climate change through climate responsive practices with main thrust on Energy use. The said understanding is validated through the case example of walled city of Jaipur: World Heritage Site 2019. The chapters enumerate how the traditional urbanism of Jaipur was designed that evolved as climate responsive typology for the respective geography.
Traditioneller Fortschritt: Das Stuttgarter Hoftheater, die elektrische Moderne und die Großstadt (1851-1912) (Szene & Horizont. Theaterwissenschaftliche Studien #7)
by Miriam HöllerDie Studie über das Stuttgarter Hoftheater denkt Theater und Stadt zur Zeit der Elektrifizierung um 1900 zusammen. Welchen Einfluss hatte die Theatertechnik auf die werdende Großstadt? Wie wurde umgekehrt das Theater durch die Urbanisierung und Technisierung der Stadt geprägt? Die Studie untersucht anhand historischer Quellen diese Wechselbeziehung über die Analyse neuer räumlich-materieller Vernetzungen. Außerdem analysiert sie kollektive Großstadt-Imaginationen, die zwischen 1902 und 1912 bei der Planung eines Theaterneubaus in Stuttgart aufkamen und die insbesondere über die Architektur und Technik des Theaters verhandelt wurden. Zentral war dabei eine Aushandlung im Spannungsfeld von Tradition und Moderne. So zeigt die Studie, dass auch ein Hoftheater fern der Metropolen als Ort der Moderne erfahren werden konnte, und leistet somit am Schnittpunkt von Theater-, Technik-, Stadt- und Kulturgeschichte einen Beitrag zur Erforschung der Vielfalt des deutschen Theaters um 1900.
Traditionen juristisch-notarieller Textproduktion durch Translation: Zapotekisch-spanische Gerichtsakten in Neu-Spanien (Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit #6)
by Malte KneifelDieses Open Access-Buch bietet eine historisch ausgerichtete Untersuchung juristisch-notarieller Dokumente aus Neu-Spanien an der Schnittstelle zwischen romanistischer Textlinguistik und Translationswissenschaft. Konkret wird ein umfassendes Korpus aus Texten der indigenen Selbstverwaltung und Rechtsprechung analysiert, die in einer peripheren Region des kolonialen Mexiko zwischen dem 17. und 18. Jahrhundert in der indigenen Sprache Zapotekisch verfasst und zur Weitergabe an die spanisch-koloniale Gerichtsbarkeit ins Spanische übersetzt wurden. Grundlage der Analyse ist ein Modell, das textlinguistische und translationswissenschaftliche Ansätze integriert, darunter das Konzept der Diskurstraditionen und die Descriptive Translation Studies. Die Untersuchung liefert Erkenntnisse über die Entstehung und Entwicklung konkreter Traditionen der Produktion von Fachtexten innerhalb eines komplexen historischen Kontextes, für die Translation sowie deren Rezeption und Antizipation einen wesentlichen treibenden Faktor darstellen. Das Buch bietet damit nicht nur eine linguistische Aufarbeitung von aus dieser Perspektive bisher wenig bearbeiteten historischen, mehrsprachigen Dokumenten der spanischen Kolonialzeit, sondern trägt auch zu einer Integration von (romanistisch-)textlinguistischen und translationswissenschaftlichen Theorien für die Anwendung in konkreten historischen Forschungen bei. Es richtet sich somit an alle am Forschungsgegenstand Interessierten sowie an Textlinguist*innen und Translationswissenschaftler*innen, die ihr Forschungsfeld an ebendieser Schnittstelle verorten.
Traditionen und Transformationen des Öffentlichen
by Nikolaus Jackob Oliver Quiring Marcus MaurerAuf nur wenige Epochen trifft das Schlagwort von der Transformation der Öffentlichkeit besser zu als auf die Gegenwart. Traditionelle Foren öffentlicher Kommunikation ändern sich und werden durch neue ergänzt. Die korrespondierenden Prozesse verändern die Teilhabe an und den Umgang mit öffentlicher Kommunikation. Es entstehen neue Herausforderungen und Probleme für die Gesellschaft und ihre Akteure. Das Buch adressiert diesen Wandel aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln der Kommunikationsforschung. Zentrale Fragen lauten u.a.: Welche Folgen hat die Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Kommunikation? Welche Herausforderungen bringt die wachsende Polarisierung des öffentlichen Diskurses mit sich? Wie entwickeln sich soziale Wahrnehmungen und Medienwirkungsprozesse angesichts des beschriebenen Wandels? Wie passen sich gesellschaftliche Akteure an und welche Folgen hat der Wandel?
Traditions and Difference in Contemporary Irish Short Fiction: Ireland Then and Now (The Humanities in Asia #8)
by Tsung Chi ChangThis book focuses on traditions and transformations in contemporary Irish short fiction, covering pivotal issues such as gender, sexuality, abortion, the body, nostalgia, identity, and migration. In separate chapters, it introduces readers to important writers such as Maeve Binchy, Colm Tóibín, Edna O’Brien, Emma Donoghue, Gish Jen, and Donal Ryan. Given its focus, the book benefits researchers and students who are interested in Irish literature and culture, especially those who want to learn about important traditions in Irish literature, the changing face of these conventions, and the implications. The book, which received the First Book Prize 2019 awarded by The Hong Kong Academy of the Humanities, offers a unique window on Irish culture and a good read for fans of these acclaimed writers who want to learn about interesting issues concerning their short fiction.
Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, Third Edition
by Jerry H. Bentley Herbert F. ZieglerOver a million students at thousands of schools have learned about world history with the best selling book for the course, Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past. Using the twin themes of traditions and encounters, the text emphasizes both the distinctive patterns of historical development within individual societies and the profound results of interactions between different societies. Exploring the historical record of cross-cultural interactions and exchanges, Traditions and Encounters places the world of contemporary globalization in historical context. The book helps students understand the world's major societies and shows how the interactions of these societies affect history throughout the world. The authors tell a coherent and digestible story of the past that is not weighed down by excessive detail, so instructors are able to incorporate additional readings. This edition provides an updated map program as well as the latest scholarship. It also moves Primary Source Investigator online, improving access for students to work with primary sources.
Traditions & Encounters A Global Perspective on the Past, Fourth Edition
by Jerry H. Bentley Herbert F. ZieglerOver a million students at thousands of schools have learned about world history with the best selling book for the course, Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past. Using the twin themes of traditions and encounters, the text emphasizes both the distinctive patterns of historical development within individual societies and the profound results of interactions between different societies. Exploring the historical record of cross-cultural interactions and exchanges, Traditions and Encounters places the world of contemporary globalization in historical context. The book helps students understand the world's major societies and shows how the interactions of these societies affect history throughout the world. The authors tell a coherent and digestible story of the past that is not weighed down by excessive detail, so instructors are able to incorporate additional readings. This edition provides an updated map program as well as the latest scholarship. It also moves Primary Source Investigator online, improving access for students to work with primary sources.
Traditions of the Arapaho: Fieldiana, Anthropology, V. 5
by George A. Dorsey Alfred KroeberImmerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the Arapaho people with George A. Dorsey's Traditions of the Arapaho. This comprehensive and meticulously researched work provides an in-depth exploration of the myths, legends, and traditions that have shaped the Arapaho's unique cultural identity.George A. Dorsey, a renowned anthropologist and ethnographer, brings his extensive fieldwork and scholarly expertise to this seminal collection. Traditions of the Arapaho captures the essence of Arapaho folklore, offering readers a rare and authentic glimpse into the spiritual and social fabric of the tribe.The book is organized thematically, covering a wide array of topics including creation myths, hero tales, and moral stories that have been passed down through generations. Dorsey's engaging prose and faithful retelling of these oral traditions ensure that the Arapaho's voice is preserved and honored.Readers will discover the significance of key figures in Arapaho mythology, such as the Trickster and the Culture Hero, and learn about the rituals and ceremonies that play a vital role in the community's spiritual life. Dorsey's detailed annotations and contextual insights provide a deeper understanding of the symbolic meanings and cultural values embedded in these stories.This book is an essential read for students of anthropology, historians, and anyone interested in Native American cultures. Traditions of the Arapaho stands as a timeless tribute to the enduring legacy of the Arapaho people and their vibrant storytelling tradition.Join George A. Dorsey on a journey into the heart of Arapaho culture and discover the timeless stories that continue to inspire and teach. Traditions of the Arapaho is a captivating exploration of a people's heritage, offering readers a profound connection to the wisdom and spirit of the Arapaho.
Traditions of the Arikara: Collected, Under The Auspices Of The Carnegie Institution Of Washington
by George A. DorseyDelve into the rich cultural tapestry of the Arikara people with George A. Dorsey's Traditions of the Arikara. This comprehensive work offers an in-depth exploration of the myths, legends, and traditions that have shaped the Arikara's unique heritage and identity.George A. Dorsey, a distinguished anthropologist and ethnographer, presents a meticulously researched collection of Arikara folklore, providing readers with a rare and authentic glimpse into the spiritual and social life of this Native American tribe. Traditions of the Arikara captures the essence of Arikara storytelling, preserving the wisdom and cultural values passed down through generations.The book is organized thematically, covering a diverse array of topics including creation myths, hero tales, and moral stories. Dorsey's engaging prose and faithful retelling ensure that the Arikara's voice is preserved and honored, offering readers an immersive experience of their cultural narratives.Readers will encounter key figures in Arikara mythology, such as the Trickster and other cultural heroes, and learn about the rituals, ceremonies, and social customs that play a vital role in the community's spiritual life. Dorsey's detailed annotations and contextual insights provide a deeper understanding of the symbolic meanings and cultural significance embedded in these stories.Traditions of the Arikara is more than just a collection of folklore; it is an invaluable ethnographic record that sheds light on the Arikara's worldview, social structure, and historical experiences. Dorsey's respectful and thorough documentation highlights the resilience and richness of Arikara culture.Join George A. Dorsey on a journey into the heart of Arikara culture and discover the timeless stories that continue to inspire and teach. Traditions of the Arikara is a captivating exploration of a people's heritage, offering readers a profound connection to the wisdom and spirit of the Arikara.
Traffic: Genius, Rivalry, and Delusion in the Billion-Dollar Race to Go Viral
by Ben Smith&“Engrossing and suspenseful." —The New York Times&“Expertly pulls readers in.&” —The Guardian &“Smith sharply chronicles the revolutionary moment.&” — Financial TimesThe origin story of the post-truth age: the candid inside tale of two online media rivals, Nick Denton of Gawker Media and Jonah Peretti of HuffPost and BuzzFeed, whose delirious pursuit of attention at scale helped release the dark forces that would overtake the internet and American societyIf attention is the new oil, Traffic is the story of the time between the first gusher and the perceptible impact of climate change. The curtain opens in Soho in the early 2000s, after the first dot-com crash but before Google, Apple, and Facebook exploded, when it seemed that New York City, rather than Silicon Valley, might become tech&’s center of gravity. There, Nick Denton&’s merry band of nihilists at his growing Gawker empire and Jonah Peretti&’s sunnier team at HuffPost and BuzzFeed were building the foundations of viral internet media. Ben Smith, who would go on to earn a controversial reputation as BuzzFeed News&’s editor in chief, was there to see it, and he chronicles it all with marvelous lucidity underscored by dark wit. Traffic explores one of the great ironies of our time: The internet, which was going to help the left remake the world in its image, has become the motive force of right populism. People like Steve Bannon and Andrew Breitbart initially seemed like minor characters in the narrative in which Nick and Jonah were the stars. But today, anyone might wonder if the opposite wasn&’t the case. To understand how we got here, Traffic is essential and enthralling reading.
Traffic in Asian Women (Next Wave: New Directions in Women's Studies)
by Laura Hyun KangIn Traffic in Asian Women Laura Hyun Yi Kang demonstrates that the figure of "Asian women" functions as an analytic with which to understand the emergence, decline, and permutation of U.S. power/knowledge at the nexus of capitalism, state power, global governance, and knowledge production throughout the twentieth century. Kang analyzes the establishment, suppression, forgetting, and illegibility of the Japanese military "comfort system" (1932–1945) within that broader geohistorical arc. Although many have upheld the "comfort women" case as exemplary of both the past violation and the contemporary empowerment of Asian women, Kang argues that it has profoundly destabilized the imaginary unity and conceptual demarcation of the category. Kang traces how "Asian women" have been alternately distinguished and effaced as subjects of the traffic in women, sexual slavery, and violence against women. She also explores how specific modes of redress and justice were determined by several overlapping geopolitical and economic changes ranging from U.S.-guided movements of capital across Asia and the end of the Cold War to the emergence of new media technologies that facilitated the global circulation of "comfort women" stories.
The Traffic in Women's Work: East European Migration and the Making of Europe
by Anca Parvulescu"Welcome to the European family!” When East European countries joined the European Union under this banner after 1989, they agreed to the free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons. In this book, Anca Parvulescu analyzes an important niche in this imagined European kinship: the traffic in women, or the circulation of East European women in West Europe in marriage and as domestic servants, nannies, personal attendants, and entertainers. Analyzing film, national policies, and an impressive range of work by theorists from Giorgio Agamben to Judith Butler, she develops a critical lens through which to think about the transnational continuum of "women’s work. ” Parvulescu revisits Claude Lévi-Strauss’s concept of kinship and its rearticulation by second-wave feminists, particularly Gayle Rubin, to show that kinship has traditionally been anchored in the traffic in women. Reading recent cinematic texts that help frame this, she reveals that in contemporary Europe, East European migrant women are exchanged to engage in labor customarily performed by wives within the institution of marriage. Tracing a pattern of what she calls Americanization, Parvulescu argues that these women thereby become responsible for the labor of reproduction. A fascinating cultural study as much about the consequences of the enlargement of the European Union as women’s mobility, The Traffic in Women’s Work questions the foundations of the notion of Europe today.
The Traffic in Women's Work: East European Migration and the Making of Europe
by Anca Parvulescu“Welcome to the European family!” When East European countries joined the European Union under this banner after 1989, they agreed to the free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons. In this book, Anca Parvulescu analyzes an important niche in this imagined European kinship: the traffic in women, or the circulation of East European women in West Europe in marriage and as domestic servants, nannies, personal attendants, and entertainers. Analyzing film, national policies, and an impressive range of work by theorists from Giorgio Agamben to Judith Butler, she develops a critical lens through which to think about the transnational continuum of “women’s work.” Parvulescu revisits Claude Lévi-Strauss’s concept of kinship and its rearticulation by second-wave feminists, particularly Gayle Rubin, to show that kinship has traditionally been anchored in the traffic in women. Reading recent cinematic texts that help frame this, she reveals that in contemporary Europe, East European migrant women are exchanged to engage in labor customarily performed by wives within the institution of marriage. Tracing a pattern of what she calls Americanization, Parvulescu argues that these women thereby become responsible for the labor of reproduction. A fascinating cultural study as much about the consequences of the enlargement of the European Union as women’s mobility, The Traffic in Women’s Work questions the foundations of the notion of Europe today.
Trafficked
by Sophie HayesThe haunting, unforgettable memoir that took the UK by storm, Trafficked is a gripping first-hand account of a young woman who survived the horrors of human trafficking. Sophie Hayes, a young, educated English woman, was spending an idyllic weekend in Italy with her seemingly charming boyfriend. But the day of her return home, he made it clear she wasn't going anywhere. Punching and shouting at her, he threatened to kill her adored younger brothers if she didn't cooperate to help him pay off hundreds of thousands of dollars he'd racked up in debts. Over the next six months, Sophie is forced to work as a prostitute in a country where she didn't speak the language, nobody knows her whereabouts, and escape seems impossible. She struggles to survive, constantly at the mercy of her boyfriend's violent moods and living in fear of being killed by any of her customers. When a life-threatening illness lands her in the hospital, Sophie has a chance to phone her mother and escape--if her boyfriend doesn't get to her first. Chilling and captivating, Trafficked is one of the first memoirs to present a stunning personal look at the criminal human sex trafficking trade and bring this disturbingly widespread abuse to light.
Trafficked Children and Youth in the United States: Reimagining Survivors
by Elzbieta M. GozdziakTrafficked children are portrayed by the media--and even by child welfare specialists--as hapless victims who are forced to migrate from a poor country to the United States, where they serve as sex slaves. But as Elzbieta M. Gozdziak reveals in Trafficked Children in the United States, the picture is far more complex. Basing her observations on research with 140 children, most of them girls, from countries all over the globe, Gozdziak debunks many myths and uncovers the realities of the captivity, rescue, and rehabilitation of trafficked children. She shows, for instance, that none of the girls and boys portrayed in this book were kidnapped or physically forced to accompany their traffickers. In many instances, parents, or smugglers paid by family members, brought the girls to the U.S. Without exception, the girls and boys in this study believed they were coming to the States to find employment and in some cases educational opportunities. Following them from the time they were trafficked to their years as young adults, Gozdziak gives the children a voice so they can offer their own perspective on rebuilding their lives--getting jobs, learning English, developing friendships, and finding love. Gozdziak looks too at how the children's perspectives compare to the ideas of child welfare programs, noting that the children focus on survival techniques while the institutions focus, not helpfully, on vulnerability and pathology. Gozdziak concludes that the services provided by institutions are in effect a one-size-fits-all, trauma-based model, one that ignores the diversity of experience among trafficked children. Breaking new ground, Trafficked Children in the United States offers a fresh take on what matters most to these young people as they rebuild their lives in America.
Trafficked Young People: Breaking the Wall of Silence (Adolescence and Society)
by Patricia Hynes Silvie Bovarnick Jenny PearceHuman trafficking constitutes one of the most serious human rights violations of our time. However, many social work practitioners still have a poor and incomplete understanding of the experiences of children and young people who have been trafficked. In Trafficked Young People, the authors call for a more sophisticated, informed and better developed understanding of the range of issues facing trafficked young people. In the first work of its kind to combine an up-to-date overview of the current policy context with related theoretical concerns and practitioner experiences, Pearce, Hynes & Bovarnick demonstrate how the trafficking of children and young people should be regarded as a child protection, rather than an immigration concern. Drawing on focus group and interview research with 72 practitioners and covering the cases of 37 individuals, Trafficked Young People explores the way child care practitioners identify, understand and work with the problems faced by people who have been trafficked. The book looks at how practitioners interpret and use definitions of trafficking in their day to day work; at their experiences of exposing the needs of trafficked children and young people and at their efforts to find appropriate resources to meet these needs. Trafficked Young People will be of interest to practitioners working in support housing and social work, along with solicitors and sociologists, particularly those working within discourses of child agency, self determination and victimhood. With its emphasis on the legal and policy framework, and integrated throughout with case histories, practitioner interviews and recommendations for best practice, Trafficked Young People is essential reading for anyone working within a Social Policy Development context.
Traffickers: Drug Markets and Law Enforcement
by Nicholas Dorn Karim Murji Nigel SouthTraffickers presents new findings into the most mythologised and least understood area of crime and law enforcement. The chamelion reality of the world of drug trafficking is described in the words of traffickers and detectives. Drug enforcement combines the banal and spectacular in surveillance, covert operations and criminal intelligence. The war on drugs is a harbinger of wider changes in the organisation of policing and international cooperation. Traffickers explores the struggle that transforms policing and punishment as it stimulates the imagination.
Trafficking: Narcoculture in Mexico and the United States
by Hector AmayaIn Trafficking Hector Amaya examines how the dramatic escalation of drug violence in Mexico in 2008 prompted new forms of participation in public culture in Mexico and the United States. He contends that, by becoming a site of national and transnational debate about the role of the state, this violence altered the modes publicness could take, transforming assumptions about freedom of expression and the rules of public participation. Amaya examines the practices of narcocorrido musicians who take advantage of digital production and distribution technologies to escape Mexican censors and to share music across the US-Mexico border, as well as anonymous bloggers whose coverage of trafficking and violence from a place of relative safety made them public heroes. These new forms of being in the public sphere, Amaya demonstrates, evolved to exceed the bounds of the state and traditional media sources, signaling the inadequacy of democratic theories of freedom and publicness to understand how violence shapes public discourse.
Trafficking and Global Crime Control
by Maggy LeeIn a world where global flows of people and commodities are on the increase, crimes related to illegal trafficking are creating new concerns for society. This, in turn, has brought about new and contentious forms of regulation, surveillance and control. There is a pressing need to consider both the problem itself, and the impact of international policy responses. This authoritative work examines key issues and debates on human trafficking, drawing on theoretical, historical and comparative material to inform the discussion of major trends. Consolidating current work on human trade debates, the text brings together key criminological and sociological literature on migration studies, gender, globalization, human rights, security, victimology, policing and control to provide the most complete overview available on the subject. Suitable for students, academics and scholars in criminology, criminal justice, sociology and international relations, this book sheds unique light on this highly topical and complex subject.
Trafficking Chains: Modern Slavery in Society
by Sylvia Walby Karen ShireAvailable open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND license. This book offers a theory of trafficking and modern slavery with implications for policy. Despite economic development, modern slavery persists all around the world. The issue is not only one of crime but the regulation of the economy, better welfare, and social protections. Going beyond polarized debates on the sex trade, an original empirical analysis shows the importance of profit-taking. Although individual experience matters, the root causes lie in intersecting regimes of inequality of gender regimes, capitalism, and the legacies of colonialism. This book shows the importance of coercion and the societal complexities that perpetuate modern slavery.
Trafficking Culture: New Directions in Researching the Global Market in Illicit Antiquities
by Simon Mackenzie Neil Brodie Donna Yates Christos TsirogiannisTrafficking Culture outlines current research and thinking on the illicit market in antiquities. It moves along the global trafficking chain from ‘source’ to ‘market’, identifying the main roles and routines involved. Using original research, the authors explore the dynamics of this ‘grey’ market, where legal and illegal goods are mixed and conflated. It compares and contrasts this illicit trade with other ‘transnational criminal markets’, such as the illegal trades in wildlife and diamonds. The analytical frames of organized crime and white-collar crime, drawn from criminology, provide a fresh perspective on a problem that has tended to be seen as archaeological, rather than criminological. Bringing insights from both disciplines together, this book represents a productive discourse between experts in these two fields, working together for several years to produce the evidence base that is reported here. Innovative forms of regulation are the most productive way to explore crime control in this field, and this book provides a series of propositions about practical crime reduction measures for the future. It will be invaluable to academics working in the fields of archaeology, criminology, art history, museum studies, and heritage. The book will also be a vital resource for professionals in the field of cultural property protection and preservation.
Trafficking in Antiblackness: Modern-Day Slavery, White Indemnity, and Racial Justice
by Lyndsey P. BeutinIn Trafficking in Antiblackness Lyndsey P. Beutin analyzes how campaigns to end human trafficking—often described as “modern-day slavery”—invoke the memory of transatlantic slavery to support positions ultimately grounded in antiblackness. Drawing on contemporary antitrafficking visual culture and media discourse, she shows how a constellation of media, philanthropic, NGO, and government actors invested in ending human trafficking repurpose the history of transatlantic slavery and abolition in ways that undermine contemporary struggles for racial justice and slavery reparations. The recurring narratives, images, and figures such as “slavery in Africa,” “Arab slave traders,” and “Black incapacity for self-governance” discursively turn Black people across the diaspora into the enslavers of the past and present in place of white Americans and Europeans. Doing so, Beutin contends, creates a rhetorical defense against being held liable for slavery’s dispossessions and violence. Despite these implications, Beutin demonstrates that antitrafficking discourse remains popular and politically useful for former slaving nations and their racial beneficiaries because it refashions historic justifications for white supremacy into today’s abolition of slavery.
Trafficking Justice: How Russian Police Enforce New Laws, from Crime to Courtroom
by Lauren A. McCarthyIn response to a growing human trafficking problem and domestic and international pressure, human trafficking and the use of slave labor were first criminalized in Russia in 2003. In Trafficking Justice, Lauren A. McCarthy explains why Russian police, prosecutors, and judges have largely ignored this new weapon in their legal arsenal, despite the fact that the law was intended to make it easier to pursue trafficking cases. Using a combination of interview data, participant observation, and an original dataset of more than 5,500 Russian news media articles on human trafficking cases, McCarthy explores how trafficking cases make their way through the criminal justice system, covering multiple forms of the crime—sexual, labor, and child trafficking—over the period 2003–2013. She argues that to understand how law enforcement agencies have dealt with trafficking, it is critical to understand how their "institutional machinery"—the incentives, culture, and structure of their organizations—channels decision-making on human trafficking cases toward a familiar set of routines and practices and away from using the new law. As a result, law enforcement often chooses to charge and prosecute traffickers with related crimes, such as kidnapping or recruitment into prostitution, rather than under the 2003 trafficking law because these other charges are more familiar and easier to bring to a successful resolution. In other words, after ten years of practice, Russian law enforcement has settled on a policy of prosecuting traffickers, not trafficking.
The Trafficking of Children: International Law, Modern Slavery, and the Anti-Trafficking Machine (Transnational Crime, Crime Control and Security)
by Elizabeth A. FaulknerThe phenomenon of child trafficking holds a unique position as an issue of significant contemporary relevance, occupying a principal place in debates about human rights today. The interchangeable terms trafficking and modern slavery evoke emotive responses and proclamations about abolition of contemporary ills, viewed as the ultimate aberration when a child is involved. The classification of children under legal frameworks marks them as different, as ‘other’, and in the context of laws implemented to address trafficking, slavery, and children on the move more generally, this distinction is complicated.This book charts the emergence, decline and re-emergence of child trafficking law and policy during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the historical origins of child trafficking by utilising the wealth of information located within the non-digitised archives of the League of Nations. It focusses upon the Committee on the Traffic in Women and Children to engage with League of Nations policy to provide an insightful and original contribution to the current body of literature. This is a book that seeks to critique the entanglements of children’s rights and colonialism in relation to the mobility and exploitation of children. It centralises the legacy of colonialism, the undercurrents of race, white supremacy, patriarchy, and their ongoing influence upon contemporary anti-trafficking legal and policy responses. Through utilizing what the author identifies as the ‘anti-trafficking machine’ as a theoretical framework, the book challenges contemporary law and policy responses to child trafficking. This theoretical framework has been adopted to illustrate a central hypothesis of the book – that the contemporary anti-trafficking agenda is both imperialist and a continuity of colonial attitudes.