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Discussing the Undiscussable: A Guide to Overcoming Defensive Routines in the Workplace
by William R. NoonanSince his 1990 landmark book Overcoming Organizational Defenses, Chris Argyris has extensively researched and written about how well-meaning, smart people create vicious cycles of defensive behavior to protect themselves from embarrassment and threat. In Discussing the Undiscussable, Bill Noonan enlivens the scholarly work of Chris Argyris through the use of reflective exercises and easy-to-read chapters that illuminate the basic human experience endemic to the creation of defensive routines. This book offers hope for altering organizational defensive routines by leveraging the greatest opportunity for change--the way we think and act.Discussing the Undiscussable provides a set of practical "how to do" exercises for detecting, surfacing, and discussing organizational defensive routines in a safe and productive way. The combination of text, business fable, and interactive and reflective exercises is versatile in its application to both individuals and groups. The companion DVD contains video vignettes of the book's business fable where the actors model both defensive routines and virtuous cycles of behavior. Readers will instantly recognize what has long been going on in the workplace, and will be able to develop the skills to talk about it productively.
Disease and Demography in the Americas
by John W. Verano Douglas H. UbelakerFeaturing 25 essays, this landmark book brings together the diverse views of leading international anthropologists and demographers on the patterns of populations and disease in the Americas both before and after 1492.
Disease: How Diseases Spread, Their Impact And What We Can Do To Build A Healthier World (What Can We Do? #3)
by Alex WoolfA look at one of the biggest challenges facing our world today - disease - and how we are tackling itDisease has always been part of the human experience, from huge pandemics to illnesses increasingly associated with unhealthy lifestyles and the world's ageing population. Medical technology has improved so dramatically that the rates of some illnesses are declining fast, while tests, vaccines and cutting edge surgery are making others much more survivable. But healthcare is not equal around the world and the Covid-19 pandemic highlighted just how vulnerable the world can be to a brand new disease. How can we make the world more healthy?How can we build a better, fairer, more equal, cleaner world? This series seeks to answer this by exploring some of the greatest challenges facing our planet today - from disease to conflict, and from the energy crisis to the plight of refugees. It explains what is already being done to meet and tackle these challenges, and explores what more could and should be done, both individually and collectively, to ensure a better future for our planet, its people and its wildlife.Taking a positive, but realistic perspective, this series aims to empower young readers by helping them understand these complex and troubling issues, calm their anxieties, and promote empathy and understanding for the many millions of people suffering from for example, poverty or inequality.Perfect for readers aged 9 and upTitles in the series:Climate ChangeDiseaseInequalityMigrationPoverty & Food InsecurityWar & Conflict
Diseases and Diagnoses: The Second Age of Biology
by Sander L. GilmanDiseases and Diagnoses discusses why such social problems as addiction, sexually transmitted diseases, racial predisposition for illness, surgery and beauty, and electrotherapy, all of which concerned thinkers a hundred years ago, are reappearing at a staggering rate and in diverse national contexts. In the twentieth century such problems were viewed as only historical concerns. Yet in the twenty-first century, we once again find ourselves confronting their implications. In this fascinating volume, Gilman looks at historical and contemporary debates about the stigma associated with biologically transmitted diseases. He shows that there is no indisputable way to measure when a disease or therapy will reappear, or how it may be perceived at any given moment in time. Consequently, Gilman focuses on the socio-cultural and political implications that the reappearance of such diseases has had on contemporary society. His approach is to show how culture (embedded in cultural objects) both feeds and is fed by the claims of medical science-as for example, the reappearance of "race" as a cultural as well as a medical category. If the twentieth century was the "age of physics," in the latter part of the past century and certainly in the twenty-first century biological concerns are recapturing central stage. Achievements of the biological sciences are changing the public's sense of what constitutes cutting-edge science and medicine. None has captured the public imagination more effectively than the mapping of the human genome and the promise of genetic manipulation, which fuel what Gilman calls a "second age of biology." Although not without controversy, the role of genetics appears to be key. Gilman puts contemporary debates in historical context, showing how they feed social and cultural concerns as well as medical possibilities.
Disembedded Markets: Economic Theology and Global Capitalism (Classical and Contemporary Social Theory)
by Christoph DeutschmannThis book offers a sociological analysis of globalised capitalist markets, advancing the notion of ‘disembedded markets’ to challenge the idea of ‘social embeddedness’ common in economic sociology. Avoiding an exclusive focus on institutions, networks and trust relationships surrounding markets, the author concentrates on private property as the key institution of markets, in order to emphasise the historical origins of modern capitalism the free market narrative, and develop a socio-historical analysis of the disembedding process together with an account of the built-in contradictions and limits of market universalisation. Through an analysis of their encompassing character, this volume demonstrates that disembedded markets do not fit standard theoretical accounts of sociality – a problem taken up not only by Karl Marx, but also by Friedrich August von Hayek and Niklas Luhmann – and questions the attempts of the emerging approach of ‘economic theology’ to draw parallels between the practices that arise from disembedded markets and from forms of religious experience and ritual. A rigorous examination of the phenomenon of disembedded markets and the claims to which they give rise concerning the equivalences between religion and capitalism, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and economics with interests in capitalism, social theory, and global markets.
Disentangling Participation
by Tone Bratteteig Ina WagnerProviding a critical view on user participation in design, disentangling decision making and power in design, this book uses fieldwork material from two large participatory design projects: one experimental in the field of urban planning, the other a product development project within health care. Addressing power issues in participatory design is critical to providing a realistic view of the possibilities and limitations of participation. Design is decision-making: during a design process a huge number of decisions taken before the designers end up with a design result - an artefact or system. All decisions are a choice between possibilities and selecting one of them and making it concrete as a change in an artefact is a demonstration of the capacity to transform, which is a key aspect of power. Participatory designers are committed to empowering users and facilitating a design process where users are able to take part in all types of decisions. This volume explores the challenges for practitioners of participatory design arising from this commitment by asking what participation really means: who should participate and in which parts of a design process; what does it mean to share power with users; how are decisions to be made in a participatory way and what is it that users participate in? The book provides a conceptual framework for understanding these issues as well as a fresh look at participation.
Disfigured: On Fairy Tales, Disability, and Making Space (Exploded Views)
by Amanda LeducFairy tales shape how we see the world, so what happens when you identify more with the Beast than Beauty? If every disabled character is mocked and mistreated, how does the Beast ever imagine a happily-ever-after? Amanda Leduc looks at fairy tales from the Brothers Grimm to Disney, showing us how they influence our expectations and behaviour and linking the quest for disability rights to new kinds of stories that celebrate difference. "Leduc persuasively illustrates the power of stories to affect reality in this painstakingly researched and provocative study that invites us to consider our favorite folktales from another angle." —Sara Shreve, Library Journal
Disinformation in Open Online Media: Second Multidisciplinary International Symposium, MISDOOM 2020, Leiden, The Netherlands, October 26–27, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12259)
by Mike Preuss Max Van Duijn Viktoria Spaiser Frank Takes Suzan VerberneThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Multidisciplinary International Symposium, MISDOOM 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in October 2020.* The 18 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers deal with the interdisciplinary field of computational social science, and in particular with the automated detection and combat of misinformation using modern techniques from machine learning, text mining, and social network analysis. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters “Identifying Political Sentiments on YouTube: A Systematic Comparison regarding the Accuracy of Recurrent Neural Network and Machine Learning Models” and “Do Online Trolling Strategies Differ in Political and Interest Forums: Early Results” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Disinherited Majority: Capital Questions-Piketty and Beyond
by Charles DerberThomas Piketty's blockbuster 2014 book, Capital in the 21st Century, may prove to be a game-changer, one of those rare books such as Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, which helped spark a new feminist movement. The world-wide flood of commentary suggests Piketty's book has already opened a new conversation not only about inequality, but about class, capitalism and social justice. Inherited wealth is at the heart of Capital in the 21st Century, and Derber shows how the 'disinherited majority' is likely to affect the future. In his new book, Derber shows that there are actually 'two Pikettys' - different voices of the author on the 1%, inheritance, and capitalism itself - that create a fascinating and unacknowledged hidden debate and conversation within the book. Drawing on Piketty's discussion, Derber raises fourteen 'capital questions' - with new perspectives on caste and class warfare, the Great Recession, the decline of the American Dream and the Occupy movement - that can guide a new conversation about the past and future of capitalism. The Disinherited Majority will catalyse a conversation beyond Piketty already emerging in colleges and universities, town halls, coffee shops, workplaces and political parties and social movements; an essential class for all Americans.
Disintegration: The Splintering of Black America
by Eugene RobinsonInstead of one black America, today there are four. There was a time when there were agreed-upon "black leaders," when there was a clear "black agenda," when we could talk confidently about "the state of black America"--but not anymore. -from Disintegration. The African American population in the United States has always been seen as a single entity: a "Black America" with unified interests and needs. In his groundbreaking book,Disintegration, Pulitzer-Prize winning columnist Eugene Robinson argues that over decades of desegregation, affirmative action, and immigration, the concept of Black America has shattered. Instead of one black America, now there are four: a Mainstream middle-class majority with a full ownership stake in American society; a large, Abandoned minority with less hope of escaping poverty and dysfunction than at any time since Reconstruction's crushing end; a small Transcendent elite with such enormous wealth, power, and influence that even white folks have to genuflect; and two newly Emergent groups--individuals of mixed-race heritage and communities of recent black immigrants--that make us wonder what "black" is even supposed to mean. Robinson shows that the four black Americas are increasingly distinct, separated by demography, geography, and psychology. They have different profiles, different mindsets, different hopes, fears, and dreams. What's more, these groups have become so distinct that they view each other with mistrust and apprehension. And yet all are reluctant to acknowledge division. Disintegration offers a new paradigm for understanding race in America, with implications both hopeful and dispiriting. It shines necessary light on debates about affirmative action, racial identity, and the ultimate question of whether the black community will endure.
Diskriminierung und soziale Ungleichheiten: Erfordernisse und Perspektiven einer ungleichheitsanalytischen Fundierung von Diskriminierungsforschung und Antidiskriminierungsstrategien (essentials)
by Albert ScherrDer Beitrag geht von der Beobachtungen aus, dass sich die sozialwissenschaftliche Ungleichheitsforschung einerseits, die psychologische und die sozialwissenschaftliche Diskriminierungsforschung anderseits weitgehend getrennt voneinander entwickelt haben. Davon ausgehend wird gezeigt, dass dies zu einem unzureichenden Verständnis der gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen von Diskriminierung führt Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Überlegungen zu einem ungleichheitstheoretisch fundierten Verständnis von Diskriminierung entwickelt, das dazu befähigt, die Bedeutung diskriminierender Strukturen und Praktiken in modernen, funktional differenzierten Gesellschaften zu verstehen. Dies führt zur Unterscheidungen zwischen Formen der Diskriminierung, die durch politische und rechtliche Maßnahmen aufgebrochen werden können und solchen, die eine starke gesellschaftsstrukturelle Verankerung haben.
Diskriminierung: Wie Unterschiede und Benachteiligungen gesellschaftlich hergestellt werden (essentials)
by Albert ScherrAlbert Scherr fasst zentrale Einsichten der sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskriminierungsforschung in einer leicht verständlichen Weise zusammen. Denn unterschiedliche Formen von Diskriminierung gehören zur sozialen Realität - so auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, in der schulischen und beruflichen Bildung, bei der Vergabe von Wohnungen oder auch durch herabwürdigende Äußerungen im Alltag.
Diskurs und Materialität: Eine Dispositivanalyse des Drogentestens (Theorie und Praxis der Diskursforschung)
by Simon EgbertIn diesem Open-Access-Buch wird unter Rückgriff auf einen multimodalen Diskursbegriff das Vorgehen für eine soziotechnisch fundierte Dispositivanalyse entwickelt, die auf die produktive Rolle von Materialität in Diskursen fokussiert. Mit der Frage nach der Stellung von Artefakten in Diskursen werden grundlegende Aspekte der Diskurstheorie und -analytik adressiert, die sich vor allem auf die Bestimmung der Ränder von Diskursen sowie der diskursiven Wirkmächtigkeit von Dingen beziehen. Auf diesem Wege wird eine Diskussion um die passenden konzeptuellen, begrifflichen und methodischen Instrumente diskursanalytischer Studien herausgefordert, zu der dieses Buch einen theoretischen und empirischen Beitrag leistet. Die entwickelte multimodale Dispositivanalyse wird im Rahmen einer qualitativ-empirischen Studie zu Drogentestpraktiken am Arbeitsplatz und im Straßenverkehr exemplarisch umgesetzt. Drogentests werden im Zuge dessen als Diskursaktanten verstanden, die im soziotechnischen Zusammenspiel mit den menschlichen Anwender*innen an der dispositiven Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit wirkmächtig beteiligt sind.
Diskurs: Entwurf eines am Ereignisbegriff orientierten Forschungsprogramms zur Überwindung der Dichotomie von Diskurs- und Praxistheorien (Neue Soziologische Theorie)
by Franka SchäferMit Diskurs : Ereignis : Praxis legt die Autorin ein dynamisches Theorieprogramm für eine diskurstheoretisch informierte und am Ereignisbegriff orientierte Soziologie der Praxis vor. Sie skizziert die soziologische Relation zwischen den Begriffen Diskurs, Ereignis und Praxis, diagnostiziert deren in Schräglage geratenes Verhältnis und erklärt die Dynamisierung der dichotomen Konzeptionen zum leitenden Prinzip ihrer Argumentation. Durch eine Rekonstruktion der diskurstheoretischen Grundlagen, praxistheoretischen Bedingungen, der Situation der Methodendiskussion sowie der Ausgangslage soziologischer Protestforschung, formiert sie die Basis des Forschungsprogramms und markiert die Frage der Assoziation von Diskursen und Praktiken als Leerstelle, welche am Beispiel der Protestforschung expliziert wird. Kern des Buches ist die differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Ereignisbegriff, der ausgehend von der Foucaultschen Prägung als Hauptumschlagsbasis weiterentwickelt und in einen Ereignisbegriff überführt wird, der ein Dichotomien überwindendes Verhältnis von Diskurs und Praxis in einem poststrukturalistischen Materialismus gewährleistet. Das Potential des Programms liegt zudem in der Erweiterung der Praxisforschung um eine explizite Macht- und Herrschaftsperspektive, die mit einer Analyse der Praxis des Widerständigen am Beispiel des Yippie Festival of Life vor Augen geführt wird.
Diskursanalyse für die Kommunikationswissenschaft: Theorie, Vorgehen, Erweiterungen
by Thomas Wiedemann Christine LohmeierDie Diskursanalyse kann einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Kommunikationswissenschaft und zur sozialwissenschaftlichen Medienforschung leisten. Der Sammelband stellt grundlegende theoretische Positionen dar, diskutiert analytische Vorgehensweisen mit unterschiedlichem Datenmaterial, präsentiert empirische Forschungsbefunde und fragt nach künftigen Perspektiven sowie Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten diskursanalytischer Verfahren. Der Band liefert eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme in Sachen Diskursanalyse aus verschiedenen Disziplinen und plädiert für eine stärkere Integration dieser Forschungstradition in die Kommunikationswissenschaft.
Diskurse, Dispositive und Subjektivitäten: Anwendungsfelder und Anschlussmöglichkeiten in der wissenssoziologischen Diskursforschung (Theorie und Praxis der Diskursforschung)
by Reiner Keller Saša BosančićDie Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse (WDA) zeichnet sich durch interdisziplinäre Zugänge sowie durch die Möglichkeit vielfältiger theoretischer und methodologischer Modifikationen in unterschiedlichen Forschungsfeldern aus, wie in den ersten beiden Bänden zur wissenssoziologischen Diskursforschung dokumentiert ist. Die WDA formuliert dabei eine theoretisch-methodologische Perspektive, die die Diskurs- und Subjekttheorien Michel Foucaults im Interpretativen Paradigma der Soziologie situiert und damit die methodologischen Grundlagen für die empirische Forschung eröffnet. Jedoch schlägt die WDA kein festes Ablaufschema im Sinne eines 'Rezeptwissens' zur Durchführung von empirischen Studien vor, vielmehr werden sensibilisierende und heuristische Konzepte vorgeschlagen, die vor dem Hintergrund der jeweiligen (inter)disziplinären Verortungen und Forschungsinteressen spezifiziert werden können.
Diskursive Konstruktionen: Kritik, Materialität und Subjektivierung in der wissenssoziologischen Diskursforschung (Theorie und Praxis der Diskursforschung)
by Reiner Keller Saša BosančićDie wissenssoziologische Diskursforschung nimmt die ‘diskursive Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit’ in unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in den Blick. Der Band greift hier methodologische Problemstellungen der Analyse von Materialitäten und Subjektivierungen auf, diskutiert Begründungen von Kritik und behandelt Fragen der interdisziplinären Anschlussfähigkeit des wissenssoziologischen Zugangs im Hinblick auf die Semiotik, die Japanologie, die Geschichtswissenschaft, die ethnographische Praxisforschung und die postkolonialen Theorien. Je nach disziplinären Forschungsinteressen, Gegenständen oder Datenformaten werden dabei spezifische Ergänzungen, Weiterführungen und auch Modifikationen des Ansatzes der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse vorgenommen.
Dislocating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies (Male Orders Ser.)
by Andrea Cornwall Nancy LindisfarneOriginally published in 1994, and now a feminist classic, Dislocating Masculinity offers a penetrating critique of writing on and by men. Bringing together anthropologists, sociologists, linguists and historians, it raises important comparative questions about how gender operates, addressing issues of embodiment, agency, gender inequality and the variety of masculine styles.
Dismantling Race in Higher Education: Racism, Whiteness and Decolonising the Academy
by Heidi Safia Mirza Jason ArdayThis book reveals the roots of structural racism that limit social mobility and equality within Britain for Black and ethnicised students and academics in its inherently white Higher Education institutions. It brings together both established and emerging scholars in the fields of Race and Education to explore what institutional racism in British Higher Education looks like in colour-blind 'post-race' times, when racism is deemed to be ‘off the political agenda’. Keeping pace with our rapidly changing global universities, this edited collection asks difficult and challenging questions, including why black academics leave the system; why the curriculum is still white; how elite universities reproduce race privilege; and how Black, Muslim and Gypsy traveller students are disadvantaged and excluded.The book also discusses why British racial equality legislation has failed to address racism, and explores what the Black student movement is doing about this. As the authors powerfully argue, it is only by dismantling the invisible architecture of post-colonial white privilege that the 21st century struggle for a truly decolonised academy can begin. This collection will be essential reading for students and academics working in the fields of Education, Sociology, and Race.
Dismantling Solidarity: Capitalist Politics and American Pensions since the New Deal
by Michael A. MccarthyWhy has old-age security become less solidaristic and increasingly tied to risky capitalist markets? Drawing on rich archival data that covers more than fifty years of American history, Michael A. McCarthy argues that the critical driver was policymakers' reactions to capitalist crises and their political imperative to promote capitalist growth. Pension development has followed three paths of marketization in America since the New Deal, each distinct but converging: occupational pension plans were adopted as an alternative to real increases in Social Security benefits after World War II, private pension assets were then financialized and invested into the stock market, and, since the 1970s, traditional pension plans have come to be replaced with riskier 401(k) retirement plans. Comparing each episode of change, Dismantling Solidarity mounts a forceful challenge to common understandings of America’s private pension system and offers an alternative political economy of the welfare state. McCarthy weaves together a theoretical framework that helps to explain pension marketization with structural mechanisms that push policymakers to intervene to promote capitalist growth and avoid capitalist crises and contingent historical factors that both drive them to intervene in the particular ways they do and shape how their interventions bear on welfare change. By emphasizing the capitalist context in which policymaking occurs, McCarthy turns our attention to the structural factors that drive policy change. Dismantling Solidarity is both theoretically and historically detailed and superbly argued, urging the reader to reconsider how capitalism itself constrains policymaking. It will be of interest to sociologists, political scientists, historians, and those curious about the relationship between capitalism and democracy. 0
Dismantling the Racism Machine: A Manual and Toolbox
by Karen GaffneyWhile scholars have been developing valuable research on race and racism for decades, this work does not often reach the beginning college student or the general public, who rarely learn a basic history of race and racism. If we are to dismantle systemic racism and create a more just society, people need a place to begin. This accessible, introductory, and interdisciplinary guide can be one such place. Grounded in critical race theory, this book uses the metaphor of the Racism Machine to highlight that race is a social construct and that racism is a system of oppression based on invented racial categories. It debunks the false ideology that race is biological. As a manual, this book presents clear instructions for understanding the history of race, including whiteness, starting in colonial America, where the elite created a hierarchy of racial categories to maintain their power through a divide-and-conquer strategy. As a toolbox, this book provides a variety of specific action steps that readers can take once they have developed a foundational understanding of the history of white supremacy, a history that includes how the Racism Machine has been recalibrated to perpetuate racism in a supposedly "post-racial" era.
Dismantling the Racism Machine: A Manual and Toolbox
by Karen GaffneyThis significantly updated second edition serves students and general readers alike who seek to learn what is often not taught, a basic history of race and racism in the US. If we are to dismantle systemic racism and create a more just society, people need a place to begin.This accessible, introductory, and interdisciplinary guide can be one such place. Grounded in critical race theory, this book uses the metaphor of the Racism Machine to highlight that race is a social construct and that racism is a system of oppression based on invented racial categories. It debunks the false ideologies that race is biological, that race has always existed, that systemic racism is over, and that anti‑White racism is real. As a manual, this book presents clear instructions for understanding the history of race and how a small elite created a racial hierarchy to protect their power through a divide‑and‑conquer strategy that lives on today.As a toolbox, this book provides a variety of specific action steps that readers can take to address racism in a post‑civil rights era where extremists have weaponized the study of race and racism.
Disney & His Worlds
by Alan BrymanThis work provides an overview of the Disney organization, in particular the theme parks and their significance for contemporary culture. The author examines topics such as Walt Disney's life and how his biography has been constructed, the Disney Company in the years after his death and various writings about the Disney theme parks. He raises important issues about the parks such as: whether they are harbringers of postmodernism; the significance of consumption at the parks; and the representation of past and future. The discussion of theme parks links with the presentation of Disney's biography and his organization by showing how central economic and business considerations have been in their development and how the significance of these considerations is typically marginalized in order to place an emphasis on fantasy and magic.
Disneyization of Drug Use: Understanding Atypical Intoxication in Party Zones (Drugs, Crime and Society)
by Tim TurnerDisneyization of Drug Use offers an innovative, ground-up understanding of the atypical patterns of illegal drug use that often permeate multi-day party zones such as nightlife tourist resorts and music festivals. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted over three summers in Ibiza, the book contextualizes the drug and alcohol-related experiences of tourists and seasonal workers operating in the island's infamously hedonistic party spaces. Through an innovative application of Alan Bryman’s (2004) seminal work, The Disneyization of Society, the book argues how the same marketing principles that generate consumption in the legal economy of Disney theme parks also drives illicit drug use in Ibiza and music festivals, where the line between legal and illegal substances rapidly blurs to the point of collapse. This highly innovative book offers rich insights into the complex interplay between drug and alcohol use, agency, pleasure, risk, consumerism, and social context. It will be of great appeal to academics and students interested in the fields of cultural criminology, deviant leisure, drug and alcohol studies, youth culture, and ethnographic research methods.