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Racial Prescriptions: Pharmaceuticals, Difference, and the Politics of Life
by Jonathan Xavier IndaIn the contemporary United States, matters of life and health have become key political concerns. Important to this politics of life is the desire to overcome racial inequalities in health; from heart disease to diabetes, the populations most afflicted by a range of illnesses are racialized minorities. The solutions generally proposed to the problem of racial health disparities have been social and environmental in nature, but in the wake of the mapping of the human genome, genetic thinking has come to have considerable influence on how such inequalities are problematized. Racial Prescriptions explores the politics of dealing with health inequities through targeting pharmaceuticals at specific racial groups based on the idea that they are genetically different. Drawing on the introduction of BiDil to treat heart failure among African Americans, this book contends that while racialized pharmaceuticals are ostensibly about fostering life, they also raise thorny questions concerning the biologization of race, the reproduction of inequality, and the economic exploitation of the racial body. Engaging the concept of biopower in an examination of race, genetics and pharmaceuticals, Racial Prescriptions will appeal to sociologists, anthropologists and scholars of science and technology studies with interests in medicine, health, bioscience, inequality and racial politics.
Racial Profiling and the NYPD
by Jay L. NewberryThis book analyzes New York City's stop-and-frisk data both pre- and post-constitutionality ruling, examining the existence of both profiling and unequal treatment among the three largest groups identified in the database: Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics. The purpose for using these two time periods is to determine which group(s) benefited the most from the ruling. This research goes beyond standard statistics to identify the place that race holds in contributing to the stop disparities. Specifically, this research will adds a spatial element to the numbers by analyzing the determinants of stop location by race, applying a principal component analysis to a mixture of census and stop-and-frisk data to determine the influence of location on stops by race. The results present a way of determining the plausibility of stops being the product of racial profiling-or just a matter of happenstance.
Racial Revolutions: Antiracism and Indian Resurgence in Brazil
by Jonathan W. WarrenSince the 1970s there has been a dramatic rise in the Indian population in Brazil as increasing numbers of pardos (individuals of mixed African, European, and indigenous descent) have chosen to identify themselves as Indians. In Racial Revolutions--the first book-length study of racial formation in Brazil that centers on Indianness--Jonathan W. Warren draws on extensive fieldwork and numerous interviews to illuminate the discursive and material forces responsible for this resurgence in the population. The growing number of pardos who claim Indian identity represents a radical shift in the direction of Brazilian racial formation. For centuries, the predominant trend had been for Indians to shed tribal identities in favor of non-Indian ones. Warren argues that many factors--including the reduction of state-sponsored anti-Indian violence, intervention from the Catholic church, and shifts in anthropological thinking about ethnicity--have prompted a reversal of racial aspirations and reimaginings of Indianness. Challenging the current emphasis on blackness in Brazilian antiracist scholarship and activism, Warren demonstrates that Indians in Brazil recognize and oppose racism far more than any other ethnic group. Racial Revolutions fills a number of voids in Latin American scholarship on the politics of race, cultural geography, ethnography, social movements, nation building, and state violence. Designated a John Hope Franklin Center book by the John Hope Franklin Seminar Group on Race, Religion, and Globalization.
Racial Spectacles: Explorations in Media, Race, and Justice
by Jonathan MarkovitzRacial Spectacles: Explorations in Media, Race, and Justice examines the crucial role the media has played in circulating and shaping national dialogues about race through representations of crime and racialized violence. Jonathan Markovitz argues that mass media "racial spectacles" often work to shore up racist stereotypes, but that they also provide opportunities to challenge prevalent conceptions of race, and can be seized upon as vehicles for social protest. This book explores a series of mass media spectacles revolving around the news, prime-time television, Hollywood cinema, and the internet that have either relied upon, reconfigured, or helped to construct collective memories of race, crime, and (in)justice. The case studies explored include the Scottsboro interracial rape case of the 1930s, the Kobe Bryant rape case, the Los Angeles Police Department’s "Rampart scandal," the Abu Ghraib photographs, and a series of racist incidents at the University of California. This book will prove to be important not only for courses on race and media, but also for any reader interested in issues of the media's role in social justice.
Racial Structure and Radical Politics in the African Diaspora: Volume 2, Africana Studies (Africana Studies)
by James L. ConyersThis is a must read book for anyone interested in the areas of racial theory and racial relations, multicultural and polarized religions, and the making of African personality and culture. In keeping with earlier volumes in the series, it emphasizes the cross-fertilization of Africa and the world.In "Binga Bank: Th e Development of the Black Metropolis" Beth Johnson gives an historic look at the opening of the Binga Bank, its founder, and how the bank helped stimulate the black metropolis in Chicago. "Black on the Block" takes a look at life in the community of North Kenwood-Oakland, California. Mark Christian describes what it is like to be a member in the African diaspora in the United States and United Kingdom. In the racial theory and racial relations area, Clarence Tally's "The aeRace' Concept and Racial Structure" argues that the study of race has become dominated by the idea that race is socially constructed. Reiland Rabaka analyzes discourse on the process of awarding reparations to people of African origin. Paula A. Moore explains why people of African descent with mental health problems do not receive treatment."Patriot Day" focuses on the emergence and growth of Islam in America and its struggle to connect with America's cultural heritage. "Edward Wilmot Blyden and the African Personality," by James Conyers, reviews Blyden's ideas and beliefs challenging the European worldview. "Cultural Helix Th eory" examines the most fundamental component of African culture, language and how it aff ects the black community. "Black in the Saddle" by Demetrius W. Pearson chronicles the professional and personal experiences of Willie Thomas, an African American cowboy.
Racial Subjects: Writing on Race in America
by David Theo GoldbergRacial Subjects heralds the next wave of writing about race and moves discussions about race forward as few other books recently have. Arguing that racism is best understood as exclusionary relations of power rather than simply as hateful expressions, David Theo Goldberg analyzes contemporary expressions of race and racism. He engages political economy, culture, and everyday material life against a background analysis of profound demographic shifts and changing class formation and relations. Issues covered in Racial Subjects include the history of changing racial categories over the last two hundred years of U.S. census taking, multiculturalism, the experience of being racially mixed, the rise of new black public intellectuals, race and the law in the wake of the O. J. Simpson verdict, relations between blacks and Jews, and affirmative action.
Racial Theories in Social Science: A Systemic Racism Critique
by Joe R. Feagin Sean EliasRacial Theories in Social Science: A Systemic Racism Critique provides a critique of the white racial framing and lack of systemic-racism analysis prevalent in past and present mainstream race theory. As this book demonstrates, mainstream racial analysis, and social analysis more generally, remain stunted and uncritical because of this unhealthy white framing of knowledge and evasion or downplaying of institutional, structural, and systemic racism. In response to ineffective social science analyses of racial matters, this book presents a counter-approach---systemic racism theory. The foundation of this theoretical perspective lies in the critical insights and perspectives of African Americans and other people of color who have long challenged biased white-framed perspectives and practices and the racially oppressive and exclusionary institutions and social systems created by whites over several centuries.
Racial Trauma in the School System: Naming the Pain
by Connesia Handford Ariel D. MarreroRacial Trauma in the School System provides foundational and clinical information for school-based mental health professionals to better understand and address the nuanced experience of racial trauma in their school. The book focuses on conceptualizing racial trauma and the impact it has on a child’s development and academic functioning, providing information on how to look at racially based experiences through a trauma-informed lens. Examining a wide range of racial and ethnic identities, chapters explore critical issues such as ethno-racial identity development and diagnostic classifications to help readers develop a conceptual lens to guide their approach. The clinical application of theory to practice is emphasized using complex case studies and the explanation of practical interventions. This text is the first of its kind to focus exclusively on discussing the impact of racial trauma on children and to discuss the intersection between identity and racism in the school system. Geared toward school-based professionals, this book considers racial trauma across a wide range of contexts and clinical presentations for other mental health professionals to adapt and apply the content to their clinical practice.
Racial Union: Law, Intimacy, and the White State in Alabama, 1865-1954
by Julie NovkovIn November 2001, the state of Alabama opened a referendum on its long-standing constitutional prohibition against interracial marriage. A bill on the state ballot offered the opportunity to relegate the state's antimiscegenation law to the dustbin of history. The measure passed, but the margin was alarmingly slim: more than half a million voters, 40 percent of those who went to the polls, voted to retain a racist and constitutionally untenable law. Julie Novkov's Racial Union explains how and why, nearly forty years after the height of the civil rights movement, Alabama struggled to repeal its prohibition against interracial marriage---the last state in the Union to do so. Novkov's compelling history of Alabama's battle over miscegenation shows how the fight shaped the meanings of race and state over ninety years. Novkov's work tells us much about the sometimes parallel, sometimes convergent evolution of our concepts of race and state in the nation as a whole.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in America
by Adalberto AguirreA thorough overview of the populations and social forces that have shaped the character of racial and ethnic diversity in the United States.
Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs
by Frasure-Yokley LorrieRacial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs examines racial and ethnic politics outside traditional urban contexts and questions the standard theories we use to understand mobility and government responses to rapid demographic change and political demands. This study moves beyond traditional scholarship in urban politics, departing from the persistent treatment of racial dynamics in terms of a simple black-white binary. Combining an interdisciplinary, multi-method, and multiracial approach with a well-integrated analysis of multiple forms of data including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and census data, Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs explains how redistributive policies and programs are developed and implemented at the local level to assist immigrants, racial/ethnic minorities, and low-income groups - something that given earlier knowledge and theorizing should rarely happen. Lorrie Frasure-Yokley relies on the framework of suburban institutional interdependency (SII), which presents a new way of thinking systematically about local politics within the context of suburban political institutions in the United States today.
Racial and Ethnic Relations in America: Volume II, Ethnic entrepreneurship and Political Correctness
by Carl L. Bankston IIIThis three-volume set deals with some of the most important topics, events, and issues surrounding relations between and among the peoples of North America. Topics are arranged alphabetically and are approached from the point of view of theory, history, and current events and issues. The 897 essays (some of which originally appeared in other reference sets) range in length from brief definitions of 200 words to comprehensive overviews of 2,500 words or more. Each volume contains a categorized list of entries, and at the end of Volume 3, an overall time line provides a historical context and chronological structure. Many of the listings contain boxed information highlighting why they are significant. Also included is a short section of sketches of individuals who have been especially influential in shaping relations among racial and ethnic groups. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Racialised Barriers: The Black Experience in the United States and England in the 1980's (Critical Studies In Racism And Migration)
by Stephen SmallFirst Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Racialised Gang Rape and the Reinforcement of Dominant Order: Discourses of Gender, Race and Nation (Studies in Migration and Diaspora)
by Kiran Kaur GrewalThis path-breaking book provides a comparative analysis of public discourses in France and Australia on a series of highly mediatised racialised gang rapes that occurred during the early to mid-2000s. These rapes led to intense public debate in both countries regarding an apparent ‘gang rape phenomenon’ associated with young men of Muslim background. By comparing the responses to similar instances of sexual violence in two very different Western liberal democracies, this book explores the relationship between constructions of national, gender and ethnic identity in modern, developed nations of the West. The impact of immigration and cultural diversity on communities has become an issue of central concern to Western liberal democracies in recent years. With greater movements of people than ever before, and large temporary migrant populations who have not ‘gone home’, the discourse of a ‘crisis of national identity’ is a feature of many democracies in the West. At the same time, in a supposedly ‘post-feminist’ age, the focus of debates around women’s rights in these democracies has increasingly been the extent to which the cultural values of immigrant and ethnic minority populations are compatible with the espoused gender equality of the West. Through an analysis of these rapes, Kiran Kaur Grewal identifies certain commonalities as well as interesting points of divergence within the two nations’ public discourses. In doing so she identifies the limitations of current debates and proposes alternative ways of understanding the tensions at play when trying to respond to acts of extreme sexism and violence committed by members of ethnic minority communities.
Racialised Workers and European Older-Age Care: From Care Labour to Care Ethics (Thinking Gender in Transnational Times)
by Nina SahraouiIn the context of ageing populations, increasing participation of women in the labour market, growing marketisation of care provision, and, most importantly, global inequalities, racialised care workers have come to fulfil a key role within older-age care in western European societies. This book presents a gendered political economy of migrant and minority ethnic care workers’ experiences in older-age care in London, Paris and Madrid. Its cross-national comparative approach allows for a differentiated analysis of the workings of migration, employment and care regimes in three capital cities, with similarly segmented care sectors, yet diverse policies and implications for care workers. Sahraoui provides a novel perspective that advances debates on the ethics of care by foregrounding the voices of racialised care workers and contributing to feminist moral philosophy. Racialised Workers and European Older-Age Care offers unique insights into the meanings of care labour and the challenges arising from processes of neoliberal marketisation, precarisation and institutional racism. The book sketches out an intersectional understanding of the exploitative relationships on which care and social reproduction currently rely and demonstrates why it matters to move care from the margins of society to its centre. This innovative and compelling analysis will appeal to students and scholars of Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science and Social Policy, as well as those working in the interdisciplinary sub-fields of Gender, Migration, Labour, and Racism Studies.
Racialization and Language: Interdisciplinary Perspectives From Perú (Routledge Studies in Sociolinguistics)
by Michele Back Virginia ZavalaDrawing on frameworks from applied linguistics and critical discourse analysis, this volume employs a linguistics approach to understanding race and racism in Latin America, with a particular focus on Peru. Building on recent debates in Peru on cultural and biological definitions of race, the book seeks to re-examine the relationship between race and culture not as a dichotomy but as one rooted in and shaped by specific historical moments. Similarly, the volume uses this discussion as a jumping-off point from which to explore notions of identity informed by language as used in local context, rather than as a fixed social category. Offering new perspectives on discursive practices of race and racism in Peru and Latin America, this collection is key reading for students and researchers in sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and Latin American studies.
Racialization, Racism, and Anti-Racism in the Nordic Countries (Approaches to Social Inequality and Difference)
by Peter HervikThis book represents a comprehensive effort to understand discrimination, racialization, racism, Islamophobia, anti-racist activism, and the inclusion and exclusion of minorities in Nordic countries. Examining critical media events in this heavily mediatized society, the contributors explore how processes of racialization take place in an environment dominated by commercial interests, anti-migrant and anti-Muslim narratives and sentiments, and a surprising lack of informed research on national racism and racialization. Overall, in tracing how these individual events further racial inequalities through emotional and affective engagement, the book seeks to define the trajectory of modern racism in Scandinavia.
Racialized Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Colour and Class and the Anti-Racist Struggle
by Nira Yuval-Davis Floya AnthiasThis wide-ranging and accessible book examines race in relation to social divisions such as ethnicity, gender and class. It provides a major new approach to studying the boundaries of race, and will be of interest to students of sociology, ethnic studies and gender studies.
Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil (Routledge Advances in Second Language Studies)
by Uju Anya*Winner of the 2019 AAAL First Book Award* Racialized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil provides a critical overview and original sociolinguistic analysis of the African American experience in second language learning. More broadly, this book introduces the idea of second language learning as "transformative socialization": how learners, instructors, and their communities shape new communicative selves as they collaboratively construct and negotiate race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and social class identities. Uju Anya’s study follows African American college students learning Portuguese in Afro-Brazilian communities, and their journeys in learning to do and speak blackness in Brazil. Video-recorded interactions, student journals, interviews, and writing assignments show how multiple intersecting identities are enacted and challenged in second language learning. Thematic, critical, and conversation analyses describe ways black Americans learn to speak their material, ideological, and symbolic selves in Portuguese and how linguistic action reproduces or resists power and inequity. The book addresses key questions on how learners can authentically and effectively participate in classrooms and target language communities to show that black students' racialized identities and investments in these communities greatly influence their success in second language learning and how successful others perceive them to be.
Racialized Migrant Women in Canada: Essays on Health, Violence and Equity
by Vijay AgnewDespite legislative guarantees of equality, immigrant women in Canada often experience many forms of prejudice in their everyday lives. Racialized Migrant Women in Canada delves into the public and private spheres of several distinct communities in order to expose the underlying inequalities within Canada's economic, social, legal, and political systems that frequently result in the denial of basic rights to migrant women.Using interdisciplinary approaches drawn from the areas of sociology, law, health studies, and political science, the essays in this volume cover diverse topics such as the social construction of Muslim women, access to health care, and violence against women. The contributors base their work not only in cities with large immigrant populations but also in areas less densely populated with immigrants, revealing regional disparities in regard to economic opportunity and social services.
Racialized Protest and the State: Resistance and Repression in a Divided America (The Mobilization Series on Social Movements, Protest, and Culture)
by Hank JohnstonBringing together leading scholars of social movements and protest, this volume offers an up-to-date overview of several of the key ethnic and racial movements in the contemporary United States. The organizations, strategies, and challenges of the Black Lives movement, mainstream Black organizations, the Mexican-American Dreamer groups, immigrant-rights mobilizations, Arab-American resistance, and White nationalism are all examined by situating them in a rapidly evolving and—in many ways—increasingly unfavorable state context. With empirical studies linked by their dialogue with theories of social movement and protest, and, in particular, recent trends that emphasize the dynamic relations among social movement groups and organizations, Racialized Protest and the State also considers the multiciplicity of state players and the roles of hostile civic actors who oppose the movements' challenges. A cutting-edge analysis of an increasingly important dimension of contentious politics in complex and diverse Western societies, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and politics with interests in social movements, nonviolent resistance, protest campaigns, and ethnic mobilization.
Racing Research, Researching Race: Methodological Dilemmas in Critical Race Studies
by Jonathan Warren France Winddance TwineAt a time when historians are reaching for new approaches to understanding the hidden life of working-class European families, this study of family life and work explores some of social history's most pressing questions in a compelling and lucid way. --Leslie Page MochUniversity of Michigan, Flint As the industrial revolution swept through towns and villages, it radically altered traditional ways of life, dramatically transforming the family unit. The greater economic and social role of women, the changing relationship between parents and children, and the decline of masculine power all played a role in the perceived crisis of the family. Increases in crime, infanticide, abortion, poverty, and the use of birth control all heightened the concern about the destruction of the family. By the late nineteenth century, communities throughout Europe and the United States witnessed a deliberate limitation of family size. This fall in family size resulted, Karl Ittman argues, not from newfound prosperity or the universality of Victorian values, but rather from the need for families to protect themselves from the uncertainties of modern life. This uncoupling of sexuality and reproduction sent shock waves through western societies that still resonate today. Many of these same issues have appeared in the contemporary American debate over family values. Focusing on West Yorkshire, England, in the latter half of the 19th century, Ittman illuminates the many social, personal, and familial crises brought on by the industrial revolution.
Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race
by Arnetha F. Ball John R. Rickford H. Samy AlimRaciolinguistics reveals the central role that language plays in shaping our ideas about race and vice versa. The book brings together a team of leading scholars-working both within and beyond the United States-to share powerful, much-needed research that helps us understand the increasingly vexed relationships between race, ethnicity, and language in our rapidly changing world. Combining the innovative, cutting-edge approaches of race and ethnic studies with fine-grained linguistic analyses, authors cover a wide range of topics including the struggle over the very term "African American," the racialized language education debates within the increasing number of "majority-minority" immigrant communities in the U.S., the dangers of multicultural education in a Europe that is struggling to meet the needs of new migrants, and the sociopolitical and cultural meanings of linguistic styles used in Brazilian favelas, South African townships, Mexican and Puerto Rican barrios in Chicago, and Korean American "cram schools" in New York City, among other sites. <P><P>Taking into account rapidly changing demographics in the U.S and shifting cultural and media trends across the globe--from Hip Hop cultures, to transnational Mexican popular and street cultures, to Israeli reality TV, to new immigration trends across Africa and Europe--Raciolinguistics shapes the future of scholarship on race, ethnicity, and language. By taking a comparative look across a diverse range of language and literacy contexts, the volume seeks not only to set the research agenda in this burgeoning area of study, but also to help resolve pressing educational and political problems in some of the most contested raciolinguistic contexts in the world. <P><P>Taking into account rapidly changing demographics in the U.S and shifting cultural and media trends across the globe--from Hip Hop cultures, to transnational Mexican popular and street cultures, to Israeli reality TV, to new immigration trends across Africa and Europe--Raciolinguistics shapes the future of scholarship on race, ethnicity, and language. By taking a comparative look across a diverse range of language and literacy contexts, the volume seeks not only to set the research agenda in this burgeoning area of study, but also to help resolve pressing educational and political problems in some of the most contested raciolinguistic contexts in the world.
Racism (Key Ideas)
by Anthony MoranRacism has a long history and its devastating impacts continue to spark heated, moral and political debate and give rise to social movements and widespread protest. This accessible primer provides a cogent introduction to the study and confrontation of racism in the twenty-first century, making use of key insights from sociology and other social sciences. Drawing on a range of scholars, including from the radical black tradition and the Global South, this book explores key issues in racism studies. Putting racism into historical context, Moran explains the modernity of racism and its creation through European colonialism and imperialism, racial capitalism, and the development of racist hierarchies stimulated by colonialist exploitation as well as pseudoscientific and Enlightenment thinking centred upon white supremacy. Moran also discusses the intersectional, structural, institutional and systemic nature of racism, and the connections between race, racism and nationalism evident in the explosion of right-wing nationalist populism around the world. The book also investigates how the self and subjectivity are involved in racism and contribute to the reproduction of racism as a system, before considering whether there are new, cultural forms of racism, and how we can account for Islamophobia and other racisms described as new, such as colour-blind racism, post-racial racism and racism without racists. Crucially, the book explores anti-racist social movements (such as Black Lives Matter) and how racism has been challenged, and discusses how accounts of race and racism can be given without reproducing the category of race as a ‘natural’ organiser of people, groups, and identities. This book will appeal to the general reader and students in the humanities and social sciences with an interest in the continuing impact of racism, racial identities, migration, multiculturalism, ethnic and racial studies, nationalism and identity studies.
Racism In Europe: The Challenge For Youth Policy And Youth Work
by Jan Laurens HazekampThis accessible text provides a comparative perspective on racism in Europe as experienced and exhibited by young people. It offers a clear analysis of the causes of racism and nationalism and examines public policies designed to have a positive effect.; This book is intended as a supplementary text for undergraduate and postgraduate students in social work, social policy, sociology and political science, and as an essential text for students on professional courses in youth and community work.