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Crime Victims: An Introduction To Victimology (Ninth Edition)
by Andrew KarmenA first in the field when initially published and now a true classic, CRIME VICTIMS: AN INTRODUCTION TO VICTIMOLOGY, Ninth Edition offers the most comprehensive and balanced exploration of victimology available today. The author examines the victims' plight, carefully placing statistics from the FBI's Uniform Crime Report and Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey in context. At the same time, he "humanizes" victims' stories through compelling case studies. The text systematically investigates how victims are currently handled by the criminal justice system, analyzes the goals of the victims' rights movement, and discusses what the future is likely to hold. This Ninth Edition presents current coverage of the seriousness of intimate partner violence, child abuse, sexual assaults in the U. S. military, acquaintance rapes on college campuses, shootings on campuses, whether arming for self-protection is an effective strategy, and similar high-profile issues. It also includes new information about "survivorology" and "bystanderology" as well as new material on practical issues facing victims.
Crime, Violence and Minority Youths (Routledge Revivals)
by Becky L TatumThis title was first published in 2000: Mainstream criminology has devoted little attention to minority perspectives in crime and violence. Criminologists who have examined minority perspectives have addressed the issue in a cursory manner, providing only brief summaries of the propositions of the perspective. This book provides a comprehensive examination of one minority perspective on crime: the colonial model. Specifically, the book discusses how the colonial model applies to African and Hispanic Americans and what the perspective adds to mainstream theorizing. It further discusses the limitations of the perspective, revises the perspective to improve theoretical validity and subjects the revised perspective to empirical validation. Preliminary findings suggest that the colonial model is more effective in explaining African American delinquency.
Crime, Violence and Modernity: Connecting Classical and Contemporary Practice in Sociological Criminology
by Gordon HughesThis book makes an original contribution to reconnecting criminological inquiry to the core concerns of the classical sociological imagination and to the intellectual resources of comparative and historical sociology. Throughout the book Hughes challenges the long-standing division of labour in criminology and sociology more generally between ‘theory’, ‘method’ and ‘research’. Accordingly, the author’s concerns here are as much about the craft and working methods of being a sociological criminologist as it is about theory and concepts. In the first half of the book, the key conceptual and methodological premises of the classical sociological tradition are outlined and the latter’s potential for revitalizing contemporary criminological research-theorizing are assessed. These chapters also address the debate regarding the relationship between crime and violence, and that of modernity and the Western ‘civilizing process’. In the second half of the book, three areas of current criminological inquiry are explored through the lens of the long-term, process-oriented and radically relational perspective of contemporary Weberian and Eliasian scholarship. Among the areas of comparative investigation explored here are street crime, gangs and urban violence, genocide and murderous ethnic cleansing, warfare, colonialism and human rights. Written in a clear and direct style this book will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology and all those interested in what a sociological lens brings to the practices of contemporary criminology.
The Crime Without a Name: Ethnocide and the Erasure of Culture in America
by Barrett Holmes PitnerIn this incisive blend of personal narrative and philosophical inquiry, journalist and activist Barrett Holmes Pitner seeks a new way to talk about racism in America.Can new language reshape our understanding of the past and expand the possibilities of the future? The Crime Without a Name follows Pitner&’s journey to identify and remedy the linguistic void in how we discuss race and culture in the United States. Ethnocide, first coined in 1944 by Jewish exile Raphael Lemkin (who also coined the term "genocide"), describes the systemic erasure of a people&’s ancestral culture. For Black Americans, who have endured this atrocity for generations, this erasure dates back to the transatlantic slave trade and reached new resonance in a post-Trump world. Just as the concept of genocide radically reshaped our perception of human rights in the twentieth century, reframing discussions about race and culture in terms of ethnocide can change the way we understand our diverse and rapidly evolving racial and political climate in a time of increased visibility around police brutality and systemic racism. The Crime Without a Name traces the historical origins of ethnocide in the United States, examines the personal, lived consequences of existing within an ongoing erasure, and offers ways for readers to combat and overcome our country&’s ethnocidal foundation.
Crimes Against Humanity: Climate Change and Trump's Legacy of Planetary Destruction
by Judith BlauThe author is a sociologist who has written extensively on human rights and recently on climate change. In her new book she develops the idea that protecting everyone’s human rights and slowing planetary warming are the same goals. It is now clear that the leader of the richest, most powerful country in the world – United States President Donald J. Trump - has set the trigger of destruction by exempting the United States from the international treaty that aims to give the entire planet some reprieve from warming. That is, all countries of the world have entered into an agreement to end reliance on fossil fuels, except the United States, which withdrew at the outset of the Trump Administration. Regardless of the US position in the future, the country’s emissions are so very extremely high they will continue to wreck havoc on the entire world. While Blau maintains that President Trump has committed a crime against Humanity, even beyond his tenure the book sets the stage for a human rights approach to climate change for the future.
Crimes in Archival Form: Human Rights, Fact Production, and Myanmar
by Prof. Dr. Ken MacLeanCrimes in Archival Form explores the many ways in which human rights "facts" are produced rather than found. Using Myanmar as his case study, Ken MacLean examines the fact-finding practices of a human rights group, two cross-border humanitarian agencies, an international law clinic, and a global NGO-led campaign. Foregrounding fact-finding, in critical yet constructive ways, prompts long overdue conversations about the possibilities and limits of human rights documentation as a mode of truth-seeking. Such conversations are particularly urgent in an era when the perpetrators of large-scale human rights violations exploit misinformation, weaponize disinformation, and employ outright falsehoods, including deepfakes, to undermine the credibility of those who document abuses and demand accountability in the court of public opinion and in courts of law. MacLean compels practitioners and scholars alike to be more transparent about how human rights "fact" production works, why it is important, and when its use should prompt concern.
Crimes in Outer Space: Perspectives from Law and Justice (Issues in Space)
by G. S. SachdevaThis book flags and contemplates the lurking problem of space crimes that may escalate and expand with diversification of space activities, greater footfall on the celestial bodies and passage of time, for the lack of appropriate solutions. It appraises the incumbent problems to evolve solutions and make recommendations regarding space crime situations. Recognizing current situation where commercial space travel has commenced, and space tourism is not far behind, the book takes a pole position on discussing the topic with its endemic challenges. Space transportation is expected to lead to commercial mining of celestial mineral resources from the Moon and asteroids, as has been found technically feasible and commercially viable. Space-specific products have been identified for industrial mining, processing, and manufacturing, for which manpower would be necessary, howsoever minimal, despite artificial intelligence devices. Blueprints for space habitations on the Moon and Mars are being prepared. In this scenario, where outer space and celestial bodies may soon be inhabited by multi-nationality, multi-ethnic and multi-cultural groupings of tourists, workers, and residents, given cramped and not so comfortable or private living spaces, attitudinal disparities and conflicting beliefs, differences, disputes, conflicts, and crimes are sure to raise their head. Economic activity and business culture may usher in crimes of competition and spying on intellectual property. Space crimes through technologies like cyber, lasers, etc., may also permeate the space domain for ill-intentioned abuses. The criminals may be individuals or collective groups or incognito terrorists. The book also discusses crimes and near-crimes that have already occurred in space but have been ignored or condoned. Absence of sovereignty on celestial bodies coupled with crimes in space or on celestial bodies, presents problems of jurisdiction, extradition, and other legal procedures. The dilemma of multi-national judicial systems, legal codes and norms of social justice need to be resolved by a specialized treaty reconciling major bends in the existing system vis-à-vis the nature of space crimes. Limitations in handling such crimes by the existing judicial system under established doctrines of international law by International Court of Justice or International Criminal Court, is highlighted in the book. It has strong take-aways for research scholars, law fraternity, diplomatic corps, judicial administration, policy-makers and the political class, enabling them to pro-actively initiate action for suitable answers.
The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor
by Martijn IcksThe four short years of Elagabalusâs rule have generated nearly two millennia of sustained attention, from salacious rumor to scholarly analysis to novels that cast him as a gay hero avant la lettre. Here, Martijn Icks succeeds in distinguishing the reality of the emperorâs brief life from the myth that clouds itâand in tracing the meaning of the myth itself to the present day. In 219 ce, when the fourteen-year-old Syrian arrived in Rome to assume the throne, he brought with him a conical black stone, which he declared was the earthly form of the sun god El-Gabal, who gave Elagabalus his name and lifelong office as high priest. Shoving Jupiter aside, the new emperor did the unthinkable, installing El-Gabal at the head of the Roman pantheon and marrying a vestal virgin. Whether for these offenses, his neglect of the empire, or weariness from watching the emperor dance at the elaborate daily sacrifices, the imperial guards murdered Elagabalus and put El-Gabal in a packing crate. Sifting through later accounts of the emperorâs outrageous behavior, Icks finds the invented Elagabalus as compelling as the historical figure. In literature, art, and music from the fifteenth century on, Elagabalus appears in many guises, from evil tyrant to anarchist rebel, from mystical androgyne to modern gay teenager, from decadent sensualist to pop star. These many reincarnations reveal as much about the ages that produced them, Icks shows, as they do about the bad-boy emperor himself.
Crimes Of Outrage: Sex, Violence, and Victorian Working Women
by Shani D'CruzeThis provocative study explores the subordination of Victorian working women in the home, neighborhood, and workplace. Drawing on courtroom proceedings, D'Cruze reveals that women's interest in speaking out against violent crimes often coincide with the court's agenda to discipline the unruly behavior of working men. However, while women used local courts of vindicate their reputation before their neighbors, doing so often compromised their respectability in the eyes of the public.
Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politics of Criminality (Routledge Revivals)
by Jeff FerrellFirst published in 1993, Crimes of Style investigates the politics of culture and crime through an in-depth case study of graffiti in Denver and the official response to it. Focusing on the most prevalent form of graffiti writing in Denver, the book provides a detailed consideration of the social and cultural circumstances that surround its creation. It explores the national and international development and reception of hip hop graffiti that provided the context in which Denver’s hip hop graffiti emerged. It also examines the reaction of Denver’s corporate and political community, highlighting the establishment of campaigns to criminalise it and identifying both Denver’s graffiti scene and the response to it as interwoven with broader cultural processes. Most significantly, the book puts forward the circumstances surrounding the phenomenal growth of, and subsequent attempts to suppress, hip hop graffiti as indicative of injustice and inequality within the United States.
The Crimes of the Economy: A Criminological Analysis of Economic Thought (Organizational Crime)
by Vincenzo RuggieroEconomists have often paid visits to the field of criminology, examining the rational logic of offending. When economists examine criminal activity, they imply that offenders should be treated like any other social actor making rational choices. In The Crimes of the Economy, Vincenzo Ruggiero turns the tables by examining a variety of economic schools of thought from a criminological perspective. Each one of these schools, he argues, justifies or even encourages harm produced by economic initiative. He investigates – among others – John Locke’s notion of private property, Mercantilism, the Physiocrats and Malthus, and the arguments of Adam Smith, Marshall, Keynes and neoliberalism. In each of these, the author identifies the potential justification of different forms of ‘crimes of the economy’ and victimisation. This book re-examines the history of economic thought, assessing it as the history of a discipline which, while attempting to gain scientific status, in reality seeks to make the social harm caused by economics acceptable. The book will be interesting and relevant to students and scholars of social theory, criminology, economics, philosophy and politics.
Crimes of the Powerful and the Contemporary Condition: The Democratic Republic of Capitalism
by James Treadwell Adam Lynes Kyla BavinThe ultimate expression of power is the ability to act beyond the confines of law, with contemporary society enabling elite groups to wield “panoramic power”. From the murderous crimes of the corporate giants that provide us with life’s luxuries and necessities to the data gathering activities of media and educational institutions, the authors offer new thinking on damaging structures of power and privilege. This accessible book provides a comprehensive understanding of elite corporate wrongdoing, and the late capitalist society that enables harm, considering both how we got into this mess and how we get out of it.
Criminal Anthroposcenes: Media and Crime in the Vanishing Arctic (Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture)
by Matthew Tegelberg Anita LamThis book compares and contrasts traditional crime scenes with scenes of climate crisis to offer a more expansive definition of crime which includes environmental harm. The authors reconsider what crime scenes have always included and might come to include in the age of the Anthropocene – a new geological era where humans have made enough significant alterations to the global environment to warrant a fundamental rethinking of human-nonhuman relations. In each of the chapters, the authors reframe enduringly popular Arctic scenes, such as iceberg hunting, cruising and polar bear watching, as specific criminal anthroposcenes. By reading climate scenes in this way, the authors aim to productively deploy the representation of crime to make these scenes more engaging to policymakers and ordinary viewers. Criminal Anthroposcenes brings together insights from criminology, climate change communication, and tourism studies in order to study the production and consumption of media representations of Arctic climate change in the hope of to mobilizing more urgent public and policy responses to climate change.
The Criminal Area: A Study in Social Ecology (International Library of Sociology #Vol. 202)
by Terence Morris Professor Terence MorrisFirst published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Criminal Body: Lombroso and the Anatomy of Deviance
by David HornThis fascinating book traces the evolution of the "criminal body" by focusing on the work of Cesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and anthropologist, who is widely held to be the father of modern criminology. Building on Lombroso's concept of the "born criminal" and the idea that bodies could be used as evidence in criminal investigations, The Criminal Body offers an intriguing window into the origins of today's criminological science.
The Criminal Brain
by Nicole RafterWhat is the relationship between criminality and biology? Nineteenth-century phrenologists insisted that criminality was innate, a trait inherent in the offender's brain matter. While they were eventually repudiated as pseudo-scientists and self-deluded charlatans, today the pendulum has swung back. Both criminologists and biologists have begun to speak of a tantalizing but disturbing possibility: that criminality may be inherited as a set of genetic deficits that place one at risk for theft, violence, and sexual deviance. If that is so, we may soon confront proposals for genetically modifying "at risk" fetuses or doctoring up criminals so their brains operate like those of law-abiding citizens. In The Criminal Brain, well-known criminologist Nicole Rafter traces the sometimes violent history of these criminological theories and provides an introduction to current biological theories of crime, or biocriminology, with predictions of how these theories are likely to develop in the future.What do these new theories assert? Are they as dangerous as their forerunners, which the Nazis and other eugenicists used to sterilize, incarcerate, and even execute thousands of supposed "born" criminals? How can we prepare for a future in which leaders may propose crime-control programs based on biology? Enhanced with fascinating illustrations and written in lively prose, The Criminal Brain examines these issues in light of the history of ideas about the criminal brain. By tracing the birth and growth of enduring ideas in criminology, as well as by recognizing historical patterns in the interplay of politics and science, she offers ways to evaluate new theories of the criminal brain that may radically reshape ideas about the causes of criminal behavior.
The Criminal Brain, Second Edition: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime
by Nicole Rafter Chad Posick Michael RocqueWhat is the relationship between criminality and biology? Nineteenth-century phrenologists insisted that criminality was innate, inherent in the offender's brain matter. While they were eventually repudiated as pseudo-scientists, today the pendulum has swung back. Both criminologists and biologists have begun to speak of a tantalizing but disturbing possibility: that criminality may be inherited as a set of genetic deficits that place one at risk to commit theft, violence, or acts of sexual deviance. But what do these new theories really assert? Are they as dangerous as their forerunners, which the Nazis and other eugenicists used to sterilize, incarcerate, and even execute thousands of supposed "born" criminals? How can we prepare for a future in which leaders may propose crime-control programs based on biology? In this second edition of The Criminal Brain, Nicole Rafter, Chad Posick, and Michael Rocque describe early biological theories of crime and provide a lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology. New chapters introduce the theories of the latter part of the 20th century; apply and critically assess current biosocial and evolutionary theories, the developments in neuro-imaging, and recent progressions in fields such as epigenetics; and finally, provide a vision for the future of criminology and crime policy from a biosocial perspective. The book is a careful, critical examination of each research approach and conclusion. Both compiling and analyzing the body of scholarship devoted to understanding the criminal brain, this volume serves as a condensed, accessible, and contemporary exploration of biological theories of crime and their everyday relevance. Instructor's Guide
The Criminal Crowd and Other Writings on Mass Society (Lorenzo Da Ponte Italian Library)
by Nicoletta Pireddu Tom Huhn Scipio SigheleThe Criminal Crowd and Other Writings on Mass Society is the first English collection of writings by Italian jurist, sociologist, cultural and literary critic Scipio Sighele. Sighele is largely responsible for providing post-unification Italy with a new outlook on issues ranging from the blurring line between individual and collective accountability, the role of urbanization in the development of criminality, and the emancipation of women. This work draws a multifaceted portrait of a provocative thinker and public intellectual caught between tradition and modernity during the European fin de siècle. Containing a comprehensive introduction by the editor, The Criminal Crowd and Other Writings on Mass Society includes Sighele’s seminal work, The Criminal Crowd, as well as his formative studies on group behaviour. Nicoletta Pireddu contextualizes Sighele’s contribution to the so-called ‘age-of crowds,’ from the fierce polemic with his French rivals Gustave LeBon and Gabriel Tarde to the scientific, literary, and cultural developments of his conceptualization of mass behaviours as a legitimate object of psychological investigation into a new century.
Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction
by Aaron FichtelbergCriminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction examines the American criminal justice system and the social forces that shape it. Using a conversational voice, the book challenges readers to consider the inequalities in the criminal justice system as well as in the broader society it is designed to protect, then ask, "What can I do to make this better?" Author Aaron Fichtelberg uses a unique, critical perspective to encourage students to look closer at the intersection of race, class, gender, and inequality in the criminal justice system. Covering each of the foundational areas of the criminal justice system—policing, courts, and corrections—this book takes an in-depth look at the influence of social inequality, making it ideal for instructors who want students to critically assess the American criminal justice system in a very approachable way. This second edition comes at a time when there is a profound awareness that the criminal justice system reflects deep and systematic inequalities in American society and has been updated to include some of these monumental changes. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. Digital Option / Courseware SAGE Vantage is an intuitive digital platform that delivers this text’s content and course materials in a learning experience that offers auto-graded assignments and interactive multimedia tools, all carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. Built with you and your students in mind, it offers simple course set-up and enables students to better prepare for class. LMS Cartridge (formerly known as SAGE Coursepacks): Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don’t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site.
Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction
by Aaron FichtelbergCriminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction examines the American criminal justice system and the social forces that shape it. Using a conversational voice, the book challenges readers to consider the inequalities in the criminal justice system as well as in the broader society it is designed to protect, then ask, "What can I do to make this better?" Author Aaron Fichtelberg uses a unique, critical perspective to encourage students to look closer at the intersection of race, class, gender, and inequality in the criminal justice system. Covering each of the foundational areas of the criminal justice system—policing, courts, and corrections—this book takes an in-depth look at the influence of social inequality, making it ideal for instructors who want students to critically assess the American criminal justice system in a very approachable way. This second edition comes at a time when there is a profound awareness that the criminal justice system reflects deep and systematic inequalities in American society and has been updated to include some of these monumental changes. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. Digital Option / Courseware SAGE Vantage is an intuitive digital platform that delivers this text’s content and course materials in a learning experience that offers auto-graded assignments and interactive multimedia tools, all carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. Built with you and your students in mind, it offers simple course set-up and enables students to better prepare for class. LMS Cartridge (formerly known as SAGE Coursepacks): Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don’t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site.
Criminal Justice: An Introduction to Philosophies, Theories and Practice
by Ian Marsh John Cochrane Gaynor MelvilleThis new text encourages students to develop a deeper understanding of the context and the current workings of the criminal justice system. The first part offers a clear and comprehensive review of the major philosophical aims and sociological theories of punishment, the history of justice and punishment and the developing perspective of victimology. In the second part, the focus is on the main areas of the contemporary criminal justice system, including the police, the courts and judiciary, prisons and community penalties.There are regular reflective question breaks which enable students to consider and respond to questions relating to what they have just read and the book contains useful pedagogic features such as boxed examples, leading questions and annotated further reading. This practical book is particularly geared to undergraduate students following programmes in criminal justice and criminology. It will also prove a useful resource for practitioners who are following vocationally based courses in the criminal justice area – in social work, youth justice and police training courses.
Criminal Justice and Neoliberalism
by E. BellThis book explores the origins of the so-called 'punitive turn' in penal policy across Western nations over the past two decades. It demonstrates how the context of neoliberalism has informed penal policy-making and argues that it is ultimately neoliberalism which has led to the recent intensification of punishment.
Criminal Justice in America (Quality Paperbacks Ser.)
by Roscoe PoundRoscoe Pound believed that unless the criminal justice system maintains stability while adapting to change, it will either fossilize or be subject to the whims of public opinion. In Criminal Justice in America, Pound recognizes the dangers law faces when it does not keep pace with societal change. When the home, neighborhood, and religion are no longer capable of social control, increased conflicts arise, laws proliferate, and new menaces wrought by technology, drugs, and juvenile delinquency flourish. Where Pound saw the influence of the motion pictures as part of the "multiplication of the agencies of menace," today we might cite television and the Internet. His point still holds true: The "old machinery" cannot meet the evolving needs of society. In Criminal Justice in America,Pound points out that one aspect of the criminal justice problem is a rigid mechanical approach that resists change. The other dimension of the problem is that change, when it comes, will result from the pressure of public opinion. Justice suffers when the public is moved by the oldest of public feelings, vengeance. This can result in citizens taking the law into their own hands--from tax evasion to mob lynchings--as well as in altering the judicial system--from sensationalizing trials to producing wrongful convictions. Ron Christenson, in his new introduction, discusses the evolution of Roscoe Pound's career and thought. Pound's theories on jurisprudence were remarkably prescient. They continue to gain resonance as crimes become more and more sensationalized by the media.Criminal Justice in America is a fascinating study that should be read by legal scholars and professionals, sociologists, political theorists, and philosophers.
Criminal Justice in International Society: Criminal Justice In International Society (Routledge Advances in Criminology)
by Willem De Lint Marinella Marmo Nerida ChazalThis book adopts a critical criminological approach to analyze the production, representation and role of crime in the emerging international order. It analyzes the role of power and its influence on the dynamics of criminalization at an international level, facilitating an examination of the geopolitics of international criminal justice. Such an approach to crime is well-developed in domestic criminology; however, this critical approach is yet to be used to explore the relationship between power, crime and justice in an international setting. This book brings together contrasting opinions on how courts, prosecutors, judges, NGOs, and other bodies act to reflexively produce the social reality of international justice. In doing this, it bridges the gaps between the fields of sociology, criminology, international relations, political science, and international law to explore the problems and prospects of international criminal justice and illustrate the role of crime and criminalization in a complex, evolving, and contested international society.
Criminal Justice in Scotland (Routledge Revivals)
by Peter Duff Neil HuttonPublished in 1999. Scottish criminal law and procedure are very different from their counterparts elsewhere in the United Kingdom. This book is the first socio-legal account of the Scottish criminal justice process and its constituent institutions. Its aims are: to explain the operation of the various elements which make up the ‘system’; to summarise the considerable volume of relevant Scottish research; and to locate this knowledge within contemporary theorising about criminal justice. To this end, the editors commissioned a team of experts to write chapters on the various stages of institutions of the Scottish criminal justice process. Given Scotland’s broad social and cultural similarities to the rest of the United Kingdom, the book also provides a useful comparative perspective which should help to discourage the tendency towards overly ethnocentric theorising south of the border.