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Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Metastatic Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1220)
by Roberto PiñeiroThis book is aimed to summarise the key aspects of the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in breast cancer, with special attention to their contribution to tumour progression and establishment of metastatic disease. We aim to give a clear overview of the knowledge about CTCs, framed in the context of breast cancer, by analysing basic and clinical research carried out so far. In a broader sense, we will address what are the main clinical needs of this disease based on its molecular heterogeneity (subtypes) and lay out the knowledge and understanding that CTCs are giving about it and how they are contributing and can still improve the better monitoring and management of breast cancer patients. We will discuss the evidences of the use of CTCs as a tool to monitor cancer progression and therapy response, based on the prognostic and predictive value they have, as well as a tool to unravel mechanisms of resistance to therapy and to identify new biomarkers allowing to predict therapy success. Moreover, we will analyse the main aspects of ongoing clinical trials and how they can contribute to determine the clinical utility of CTCs as a breast cancer biomarker. We will also touch upon general knowledge or basic notions of the biology of the metastatic process in epithelial cancers, in order to understand the origin and biology of CTCs. In this sense, we will pay special attention to EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), dormancy and minimal residual disease, three key aspects that determine the outcome of the disease. We will also cover general aspects on the isolation and characterization techniques applies to the study of CTCs, and also the possibilities that the study of CTCs, as a biomarker with biological function, is opening in terms of understanding the biology of metastatic cells and the identification of therapeutic targets based on the functional and molecular characterization of CTCs. Lastly, we will try to foresee the future of CTCs in terms of clinical application and implementation in the clinical routine.
Circumference of Darkness
by Jack HendersonThis electrifying debut thriller delivers a gripping tale of Big Brother gone mad amid a modern world on the verge of endless war. Brimming with high-powered suspense, here is the brilliant, frighteningly believable story of three masterminds locked on a breathtaking collision course--the outcome of which will determine the fate of the United States.
The Circus Age
by Janet M. DavisA century ago, daily life ground to a halt when the circus rolled into town. Across America, banks closed, schools canceled classes, farmers left their fields, and factories shut down so that everyone could go to the show. In this entertaining and provocative book, Janet Davis links the flowering of the early-twentieth-century American railroad circus to such broader historical developments as the rise of big business, the breakdown of separate spheres for men and women, and the genesis of the United States' overseas empire. In the process, she casts the circus as a powerful force in consolidating the nation's identity as a modern industrial society and world power.Davis explores the multiple "shows" that took place under the big top, from scripted performances to exhibitions of laborers assembling and tearing down tents to impromptu spectacles of audiences brawling, acrobats falling, and animals rampaging. Turning Victorian notions of gender, race, and nationhood topsy-turvy, the circus brought its vision of a rapidly changing world to spectators--rural as well as urban--across the nation. Even today, Davis contends, the influence of the circus continues to resonate in popular representations of gender, race, and the wider world.
CIRP Design 2012: Sustainable Product Development
by Amaresh ChakrabartiDuring its life cycle, a product produces waste that is over 20 times its weight. As such it is critical to develop products that are sustainable. Currently product development processes lack high quality methods and tools that are empirically validated to support development of sustainable products. This book is a compilation of over forty cutting edge international research papers from the 22nd CIRP International Design Conference, written by eminent researchers from 15 countries, on engineering design process, methods and tools, broadly for supporting sustainable product development. A variety of new insights into the product development process, as well as a host of methods and tools that are at the cutting edge of design research are discussed and explained covering a range of diverse topics. The areas covered include: Sustainable design and manufacturing, Design synthesis and creativity, Global product development and product life cycle management, Design for X (safety, reliability, manufacturability, etc.), and Design taxonomy, ontology and standards. CIRP Design 2012: Sustainable Product Development provides researchers in design, engineering and sustainability access to some of the latest, quality research in this area. Practitioners and educators of engineering design and sustainability will find an empirically validated suite of methods and tools that can be applied and taught to develop their practices.
CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering
by Luc Laperrière Gunther ReinhartThe CIRP Encyclopedia covers the state-of-art of advanced technologies, methods and models for production, production engineering and logistics. While the technological and operational aspects are in the focus, economical aspects are addressed too. The entries for a wide variety of terms were reviewed by the CIRP-Community, representing the highest standards in research. Thus, the content is not only evaluated internationally on a high scientific level but also reflects very recent developments.
CIRP Novel Topics in Production Engineering: Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Tullio TolioThis is the first volume in the CIRP Novel Topics in Production Engineering (CNTPE), a collection of essays addressing novel research areas in production engineering, published regularly in book volumes. Each essay provides a systematization and explanation of a technology, an approach, a process, etc., and covers a novel research area once it has been published in the scientific literature for few years. The essays provide focused and structured knowledge of a defined and limited subject in terms of detailed implementation, a systematic description of theoretical hypotheses and results, constructive and design characteristics for a product/process or experiment, and exemplary applications to real cases. These constitute the background knowledge for scientists/professionals to approach a novel scientific and technological area - addressing background concepts, relevant tools and methodologies, language, and theory.
CISCO CCNA 200-301 Complete Exam Preparation - NEW: Pass your CISCO CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) 200-301 Certification from your first try.
by Georgio DaccachePass your CISCO CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) 200-301 Certification on your first try. The exam’s duration is 120 minutes and you can expect about 100-120 questions. Prepare with complete practice tests designed for candidates who want to pass the new CCNA 200-301 certification. CCNA 200-301 is the new industry standard networking certification for network administrators, engineers and data center operations. This New Book contains 2 complete Exclusive and New practice tests of 120 questions each. Each practice test includes typical CCNA exam questions. Know what to expect and prepare yourself for exam day. So, this new book contains over 240 new and exclusive questions to see how prepared you are for the real test. This book is a great way to assess your readiness, and discover your weakness areas. The exams were compiled by Experts team whom have all passed the official exams. This new preparation book covers all the exam domains.
Cisgenic Crops: Potential and Prospects (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Anurag Chaurasia Chittaranjan KoleThis book is the first attempt for in-depth compilation of current knowledge on cisgenic crops and their potential prospects as a sustainable substitute for the controversial genetically modified crops. Innovative methodologies for the development of cisgenic crops for disease resistance, improved nutritional contents, suitability for organic farming, survival under climate change, and their role in conservation of plant genetic resources have been highlighted. Combined with molecular markers and genome editing, an advanced approach for crop improvement is reported. The book has 14 chapters authored by globally leading experts on the subject. This book is useful to the students, teachers, researchers and policy planners working across the disciplines of classical plant breeding up to the recent genetically modified and genome edited crops.
Cisgenic Crops: Safety, Legal and Social Issues (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Anurag Chaurasia Chittaranjan KoleThis book is the first comprehensive compilation of existing knowledge on the impact of cisgenic crops on biodiversity, environment, and ecosystem. Strategies to create and access cisgenic crops, potential risks assessment, and legal implications across the globe (European Union, North and South Americas, Africa, and Asia) are enumerated. Ethics, economics, safety, social concerns, and consumer acceptance of cisgenic foods are deliberated. Policy paradigm and ways to overcome GM regulations through cisgenic crops are highlighted. The book has 12 chapters authored by internationally leading experts on the subject. This book will be useful especially for the policy makers and GMO regulators, while the students, teachers, and researchers from across the globe will be equally benefited.
Cisgenics and Transgenics: Strategies for Sustainable Crop Development and Food Security
by Bhupendra KoulThis book presents up-to-date information on various vector-less/direct (physical, chemical) and vector-mediated/indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) plant transformation techniques. It summarizes various strategies that facilitate a gene from lower organism to be expressed in higher plants and also in silico designing of synthetic gene for higher expression. It also highlights the importance of strong promoters to drive the expression of transgene(s). This book encompasses the advantages and drawbacks of cisgenesis and transgenesis, their implications towards sustainable crop improvement, and their future prospects. The importance, limitations, challenges, recent developments, and future prospects of molecular pharming is also discussed. The book concludes with a chapter that summarizes the major contribution of GM-crops towards global food security and economy, advances in genome editing for crop improvement, challenges and risk associated with the release of GM-crops, and the future of GM technology. This book is meant for students and researchers in the field of life sciences, food science, and agriculture.
CISM Certified Information Security Manager Review Manual
by IsacaThe CISM Review Manual 2011 is a reference guide designed to assist candidates in preparing for the CISAM examination.
Cisterns: Sustainable Development, Architecture and Energy
by Alireza Dehghani-sanij Ali SayighCisterns: Sustainable Development, Architecture and Energy was written on beliefs that based on historical evidence and actual findings, Iran is most probably the country where cisterns, or Aub-anbars in Farsi, were first developed and built. Therefore, it is quite natural for the author to name cisterns in the text Aub-anbars, as it has been called for centuries in this country, the translation of the same name having been used in other countries too. Although in some books, journals and papers published out of Iran by foreign and Iranian scholars, the names Cistern or Water Reservoir have been used. The word Aub-anbar is a compound noun in Farsi; Aub means water and Anbar means tank/reservoir. Putting them together gives the noun Aub-anbarand it should be used as one word.People of the region wanting reserved cool water whether in cities or in different locations across the harsh desert during their travel. Queen Zubeida, the wife of Khalifa Haroon Al-Rasheed in 750 AD built one of these cistern closer to the town of Hiyal in Saudi Arabia so that the Pilgrims? Caravans going to Mecca will have cool, fresh water. This book consists of 11-chapters with full analysis, illustrations and photographs. It makes interesting readings to those interested into vernacular architecture, traditional buildings and creative thinking.
The Citadel
by Robert DohertyIt was built to protect America. Now it could destroy the world. A pulse-pounding technothriller from the New York Times–bestselling author of Section 8.At the start of the Cold War, the greatest threat to America wasn’t the Russians and the looming Communist threat. Rather, it was an elite organization bent on world domination, a group so powerful only nuclear weapons could safeguard against them. The CIA knew what these men were capable of, and in a last-ditch attempt to protect America against them, they built two high–security arsenals deep within the earth––one declassified in the Nevada desert, and one heavily under wraps in Antarctica. For over fifty years, no one spoke of The Citadel, the fortress deep under the ice in Antarctica that held the most powerful weapon known to man––until the Organization returned, hellbent on destruction.Captain Jim Vaughn is a government agent known for performing missions no one else wants. So when an old colleague approaches him with an assignment, he can’t refuse––even if the mission has been set in motion by a dead man’s letter, found in Antarctica and dated 1949. The Citadel has been cracked, and the only man who can safeguard it is Vaughn. Nothing short of the fate of mankind rests on his shoulders.
CITIES
by Tom Casteel Kathleen M. ReillyTo a child, a city is a chaotic, vibrant community whose workings can seem quite mysterious. How did people create subways? How does the water get to the very top of a skyscraper? Is there any organization to a bustling metropolis? Cities: Discover How They Work will give kids a view into the inner functioning of these urban areas. They'll learn about all the parts that come together to make cities work and how they've grown and changed since the very first riverside settlements.Fascinating sidebars, unique illustrations, Words to Know, and fun Did You Know facts combine with age-appropriate hands-on activities to make learning about complex urban environments fun and reinforce learning. Projects include creating subway cut-aways to understand how transportation systems work, building an aqueduct to learn how cities get water, and experimenting with skyscraper design and water filtration. This STEAM title, which integrates science, technology, engineering, art, and math includes a glossary, list of resources, and index. Cities meets common core state standards in language arts for reading informational text and literary nonfiction and is aligned with Next Generation Science Standards. Guided Reading Levels and Lexile measurements indicate grade level and text complexity.
Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals
by Michael BattyThis is a crucial text for anyone interested in the interrelationships of media and design processes. As urban planning moves from a centralized, top-down approach to a decentralized, bottom-up perspective, our conception of urban systems is changing. In Cities and Complexity, Michael Batty offers a comprehensive view of urban dynamics in the context of complexity theory, presenting models that demonstrate how complexity theory can embrace a myriad of processes and elements that combine into organic wholes. He argues that bottom-up processes--in which the outcomes are always uncertain--can combine with new forms of geometry associated with fractal patterns and chaotic dynamics to provide theories that are applicable to highly complex systems such as cities. Batty begins with models based on cellular automata (CA), simulating urban dynamics through the local actions of automata. He then introduces agent-based models (ABM), in which agents are mobile and move between locations. These models relate to many scales, from the scale of the street to patterns and structure at the scale of the urban region. Finally, Batty develops applications of all these models to specific urban situations, discussing concepts of criticality, threshold, surprise, novelty, and phase transition in the context of spatial developments. Every theory and model presented in the book is developed through examples that range from the simplified and hypothetical to the actual. Deploying extensive visual, mathematical, and textual material, Cities and Complexity will be read both by urban researchers and by complexity theorists with an interest in new kinds of computational models.
Cities for Smart Environmental and Energy Futures: Impacts on Architecture and Technology (Energy Systems)
by Panos M. Pardalos Stamatina Th. RassiaCities for Smart Environmental and Energy Futures presents works written by eminent international experts from a variety of disciplines including architecture, engineering and related fields. Due to the ever-increasing focus on sustainable technologies, alternative energy sources, and global social and urban issues, interest in the energy systems for cities of the future has grown in a wealth of disciplines. Some of the special features of this book include new findings on the city of the future from the macro to the micro level. These range from urban sustainability to indoor urbanism, and from strategies for cities and global climate change to material properties. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers active in architecture, engineering, the social and computational sciences, building physics and related fields.
Citizen Farmers: The Biodynamic Way to Grow Healthy Food, Build Thriving Communities, and Give Back to the Earth
by Daron Joffe Susan PuckettA guide to organic vegetable gardens and small-scale farming with an emphasis on sustainability. Biodynamic farming, with its focus on ecological sustainability, has emerged as the gold standard in the organic gardening movement. Daron Joffe—known as Farmer D—has made it his mission to empower, educate, and inspire people to become conscientious consumers, citizens, and stewards of the land. In this engaging call to action, Farmer D teaches us to not only create sustainable gardens but also to develop a more holistic, community-minded approach to how our food is grown and how we live our lives in balance with nature. Illustrated with photographs of gardens designed by Farmer D as well as line drawings, the book is packed with advice on: Establishing a biodynamic gardenCompostingSoil composition and replenishmentControlling pests and diseaseCooperative gardening practicesCreating delicious meals with your home-grown produce In collaboration with a James Beard Award–nominated food journalist, Farmer D offers an indispensable resource for anyone who wants to make the world a greener place.
The Citizen-Powered Energy Handbook: Community Solutions to a Global Crisis
by Greg PahlA synopsis of various options available for local, renewable, community-owned energy.
Citizens and Nation
by Gerald FriesenGrandmother Andre told stories in front of a campfire. Elizabeth Goudie wrote a memoir in school scribblers. Phyllis Knight taped hours of interviews with her son. Today's families rely on television and video cameras. They are all making history.In a different approach to that old issue, 'the Canadian identity,' Gerald Friesen links the media studies of Harold Innis to the social history of recent decades. The result is a framework for Canadian history as told by ordinary people. Friesen suggests that the common peoples' perceptions of time and space in what is now Canada changed with innovations in the dominant means of communication. He defines four communication-based epochs in Canadian history: the oral-traditional world of pre-contact Aboriginal people; the textual-settler household of immigrants; the print-capitalism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and the screen-capitalism that has emerged in the last few decades. This analysis of communication is linked to distinctive political economies, each of which incorporates its predecessors in an increasingly complex social order.In each epoch, using the new communication technologies, people struggled to find the political means by which they could ensure that they and their households survived and, if they were lucky, prospered. Canada is the sum of their endeavours. "Citizens and Nation" demonstrates that it is possible to find meaning in the nation's past that will interest, among others, a new, young, and multicultural reading audience.
A Citizen's Guide to Artificial Intelligence
by John ZerilliA concise but informative overview of AI ethics and policy.Artificial intelligence, or AI for short, has generated a staggering amount of hype in the past several years. Is it the game-changer it's been cracked up to be? If so, how is it changing the game? How is it likely to affect us as customers, tenants, aspiring home-owners, students, educators, patients, clients, prison inmates, members of ethnic and sexual minorities, voters in liberal democracies? This book offers a concise overview of moral, political, legal and economic implications of AI. It covers the basics of AI's latest permutation, machine learning, and considers issues including transparency, bias, liability, privacy, and regulation.
Citizens’ Observatories on Geohazards: Lessons from Five Pilots (Geoenvironmental Disaster Reduction)
by Rui Carrilho Gomes Vítor Correia Balazs BodóThis open access book shows how citizens' involvement in geohazard risks prevention can strengthen regional and national risk management systems, to demonstrate a new form of engagement between civil society and local authorities. The lessons learned in in this book, where the local communities were engaged to actively participate in risk preparedness and monitoring and incorporate local capacities into risk management systems, are reported. A cooperation and resource platform on geohazards risk assessment, preparedness, mitigation, and prevention was used as interface between the citizens and the risk management system. A more efficient uptake of Copernicus data, products, and services on regional level is discussed, to improve geohazard risk prevention and resilience to natural disasters. Recommendations for the creation of future observatories in response to the widest range of hazards (both natural and human-induced) in Europe and in the world are provided.
Citizens of Worlds: Open-Air Toolkits for Environmental Struggle
by Jennifer GabrysAn unparalleled how-to guide to citizen-sensing practices that monitor air pollution Modern environments are awash with pollutants churning through the air, from toxic gases and intensifying carbon to carcinogenic particles and novel viruses. The effects on our bodies and our planet are perilous. Citizens of Worlds is the first thorough study of the increasingly widespread use of digital technologies to monitor and respond to air pollution. It presents practice-based research on working with communities and making sensor toolkits to detect pollution while examining the political subjects, relations, and worlds these technologies generate. Drawing on data from the Citizen Sense research group, which worked with communities in the United States and the United Kingdom to develop digital-sensor toolkits, Jennifer Gabrys argues that citizen-oriented technologies promise positive change but then collide with entrenched and inequitable power structures. She asks: Who or what constitutes a &“citizen&” in citizen sensing? How do digital sensing technologies enable or constrain environmental citizenship? Spanning three project areas, this study describes collaborations to monitor air pollution from fracking infrastructure, to document emissions in urban environments, and to create air-quality gardens. As these projects show, how people respond to, care for, and struggle to transform environmental conditions informs the political subjects and collectives they become as they strive for more breathable worlds.
Citizenship Papers
by Wendell Berry"Citizenship Papers" collects 21 new essays, from celebrations of exemplary lives to critiques of American life, including "A Citizen's Response to the New National Security Strategy" -- a ringing call of caution to a nation standing on the brink of global catastrophe.
Citric Acid
by Alexander ApelblatThis monograph is devoted to different aspects associated with citric acid, inorganic citrates and their aqueous and organic solutions. It includes information about properties, occurrence and technological applications of citric acid and inorganic citrates. Phase equilibria - melting, freezing, boiling, vapour pressures, solubilities of citric acid in water, organic solvents and ternary systems are presented, correlated, and analyzed. Dynamic properties - viscosities, diffusion coefficients, electrical conductivities and surface tensions are examined. Mathematical representations of citric acid dissociation, in electrolyte solutions and in buffers are discussed. Citric acid chemistry - syntheses of citric acid, neutralization, degradation, oxidation, esterification, formation of anhydrides, amides and citrate-based siderophores is reviewed.
Citrus: The Genus Citrus (Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Ser.)
by Giovanni Dugo Angelo Di GiacomoThe world production of citrus fruit has risen enormously, leaping from forty-five million tons a year to eighty-five million in the last 30 years. Today, the potential applications of their essential oils are growing wider, with nearly 40% of fresh produce processed for industrial purposes.Citrus: The Genus Citrus offers comprehensive cove