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A Thirsty Land: The Fight for Water in Texas (Natural Resources Management and Conservation)
by Seamus McGraw“An important story not just about [Texas’s] water history, but also about its social, economic, and political identity” (Western Historical Quarterly).As a changing climate threatens the whole country with deeper droughts and more furious floods that put ever more people and property at risk, Texas has become a bellwether state for water debates. Will there be enough water for everyone? Is there the will to take the steps necessary to defend ourselves against the sea? Is it in the nature of Americans to adapt to nature in flux?The most comprehensive—and comprehensible—book on contemporary water issues, A Thirsty Land delves deep into the challenges faced not just by Texas but also by the nation, as we struggle to find a way to balance the changing forces of nature with our own ever-expanding needs. Part history, part science, part adventure story, and part travelogue, this book puts a human face on the struggle to master that most precious and capricious of resources, water. Seamus McGraw goes to the taproots, talking to farmers, ranchers, businesspeople, and citizen activists, as well as to politicians and government employees. Their stories provide chilling evidence that Texas—and indeed the nation—is not ready for the next devastating drought, the next catastrophic flood. Ultimately, however, A Thirsty Land delivers hope. This deep dive into one of the most vexing challenges facing Texas and the nation offers glimpses of the way forward in the untapped opportunities that water also presents.“A hard look at a hard problem: finding sufficient water to live in a place without much of it. . . . McGraw’s fine book serves as a useful guide. Observers of Western waterways will want to have this on their shelves alongside the likes of Marc Reisner and Charles Bowden.” —Kirkus Reviews“In stark prose that often gleams like a bone pile bleached in the sun, McGraw travels back and forth across Texas to give a free-ranging but deadeye view of the crisis on the horizon.” —Texas Monthly“It’s hard to write about the slow creep of environmental crises like drought without resorting to shock tactics or getting lost in the weeds . . . [McGraw] draws out the conflicts in compelling ways by drilling into the plight of individual water users. Even if you feel no connection to Texas, these stories are relevant to every part of the country.” —Outside“Interviewing both scientific experts and everyday water users, [McGraw] clearly delineates the competing interests, describes political and geological reality, and makes a compelling argument for statewide water policy that utilizes modern technology and fairly weighs parochial needs against the good of the whole.” —Arizona Daily Star, Southwest Books of the Year
A Thousand Ways Denied: The Environmental Legacy of Oil in Louisiana
by John T. ArnoldFrom the hill country in the north to the marshy lowlands in the south, Louisiana and its citizens have long enjoyed the hard-earned fruits of the oil and gas industry’s labor. Economic prosperity flowed from pioneering exploration as the industry heralded engineering achievements and innovative production technologies. Those successes, however, often came at the expense of other natural resources, leading to contamination and degradation of land and water. In A Thousand Ways Denied, John T. Arnold documents the oil industry’s sharp interface with Louisiana’s environment. Drawing on government, corporate, and personal files, many previously untapped, he traces the history of oil-field practices and their ecological impacts in tandem with battles over regulation. Arnold reveals that in the early twentieth century, Louisiana helped lead the nation in conservation policy, instituting some of the first programs to sustain its vast wealth of natural resources. But with the proliferation of oil output, government agencies splintered between those promoting production and others committed to preventing pollution. As oil’s economic and political strength grew, regulations commonly went unobserved and unenforced. Over the decades, oil, saltwater, and chemicals flowed across the ground, through natural drainages, and down waterways. Fish and wildlife fled their habitats, and drinking-water supplies were ruined. In the wetlands, drilling facilities sat like factories in the midst of a maze of interconnected canals dredged to support exploration, manufacture, and transportation of oil and gas. In later years, debates raged over the contribution of these activities to coastal land loss.Oil is an inseparable part of Louisiana’s culture and politics, Arnold asserts, but the state’s original vision for safeguarding its natural resources has become compromised. He urges a return to those foundational conservation principles. Otherwise, Louisiana risks the loss of viable uses of its land and, in some places, its very way of life.
A Time Apart
by Diane StanleyWhile her mother undergoes treatment for cancer, thirteen-year-old Ginny is sent to live with her father in England. Once there, she becomes part of an archaeological experiment that investigates life during the iron age.
A Tool for Determining e-Learning Readiness (SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications and Technology)
by Katherine Cennamo Cathy James-SpringerThis book presents a tool to determine e-learning readiness in workplace organizations. It offers a case study of the design and development process and outlines factors to be taken into account to determine e-learning readiness. It details the four objectives of this tool: to highlight specific parameters for determining e-learning readiness, to provide a systematic process to determine the readiness of an organization, to enable flexibility for the environmental context, and to capture the interrelatedness of the many areas in the organization. Next, it discusses the main element of the tool: surveys that are used to facilitate collection of data on organizational, learner and technology readiness. The book concludes with a look at practical ways of using the information gathered from the data produced.
A Tradition in Transition, Water Management Reforms and Indigenous Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea: PhD, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
by Abraham Mehari HaileA Tradition in Transition presents an in-depth assessment of the century-old Wadi Laba indigenous spate irrigation system in Eritrea. This system has relied on earthern and brushwood structures and customary water rules to support subsistence livelihoods of the Wadi Laba communities for many years. The book presents original research, which analyzes the effectiveness of contemporary water laws and a new headwork in improving production and standard of living. It also compares the lack of success of these new approaches with traditional methods of water management.
A Transdisciplinary Introduction to the World of Cybernetics: Basics, Models, Theories and Practical Examples
by E. W. KüppersThis introduction to the world of cybernetics provides the basics and discusses the most important thought leaders, models as well as theories. Practical examples from the fields of biology, ecology, technology, society, and politics are used to illustrate the theoretical material. Questions at the end of the chapters stimulate reflection, and the author does not owe the answers. A central theme in all cybernetic considerations and a guiding theme of the book are information exchange and communication.
A Transformation Gap?
by Theo Farrell Terriff Terry Osinga FransThis study, edited by Terriff (American security policy, U. of Calgary, Canada), Osinga (war studies, Royal Netherlands Military Academy) and Farrell (war studies, King's College London, UK), examines the extent to which there are gaps in the military transformation being led by the United States between various European members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Case studies are presented for Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and Poland. The case studies follow a common analytical framework that breaks transformation down into network-enablement, effects based operations, and expeditionary warfare and, for each of these, in terms of their respective technological, doctrinal, and organizational elements. These elements are further considered in light of the scholarly literature on military innovation, norm diffusion, and alliance theory. Stanford Security Studies is an imprint of Stanford University Press. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
A Transnational History of the Internet in Central America, 1985–2000: Networks, Integration, and Development (Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series)
by Ignacio SilesThis Palgrave Pivot analyzes how six countries in Central America—Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama—connected to and through computer networks such as UUCP, BITNET and the Internet from the 80s to the year 2000. It argues that this story can only be told from a transnational perspective. To connect to computer networks, Central America built a regional integration project with great implications for its development. By revealing the beginnings of the Internet in this part of the world, this study broadens our understanding of the development of computer networks in the global south. It also demonstrates that transnational flows of knowledge, data, and technologies are a constitutive feature of the historical development of the Internet.
A Trash-Free Future?
by Alison Pearce StevensWhat happens to trash after the garbage truck picks it up? Where does it go? The problem of too much trash is hurting the planet. Recycling, reusing, composting and creating new ways to make less trash is a start! Learn to recycle old furniture, and how safer materials are being developed that can easily decompose. People are working hard every day on new ways to have a trash-free future! Are you?
A Treatise of Heat and Energy (Mechanical Engineering Series)
by Lin-Shu WangThis textbook explains the meaning of heat and work and the definition of energy and energy systems. It describes the constructive role of entropy growth and makes the case that energy matters, but entropy growth matters more. Readers will learn that heat can be transferred, produced, and extracted, and that the understanding of generalized heat extraction will revolutionize the design of future buildings as thermal systems for managing low grade heat and greatly contribute to enhanced efficiency of tomorrow’s energy systems and energy ecosystems. Professor Wang presents a coherent theory-structure of thermodynamics and clarifies the meaning of heat and the definition of energy in a manner that is both scientifically rigorous and engaging, and explains contemporary understanding of engineering thermodynamics in continuum of its historical evolution. The textbook reinforces students’ grasp of concepts with end-of-chapter problems and provides a historical background of pioneering work by Black, Laplace, Carnot, Joule, Thomson, Clausius, Maxwell, Planck, Gibbs, Poincare and Prigogine.Developed primarily as a core text for graduate students in engineering programs, and as reference for professional engineers, this book maximizes readers’ understanding and shines a light on new horizons for our energy future.
A Treatise of Indian and Tropical Soils
by D. K. PalThis book discusses how to apply the basic principles of pedology to the tropical soils of the Indian subcontinent, with an emphasis on ways to enhance crop productivity. The book showcases the research contributions on pedology, geomorphology, mineralogy, micromorphology and climate change collected from the literature on three major soil types: shrink-swell soils, red ferruginous (RF) soils and the soils that occur in the tropical environments of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). It also provides insights into several aspects of five pedogenetically important soil orders like Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols and Inceptisols found in tropical Indian environments. Documenting the significance of minerals in soils and their overall influence in soil science in terms of pedology, paleopedology, polygenesis and edaphology, it provides a knowledge base that is critical when attempting to bridge the gap between food production and population growth.
A Treatise on Corrosion Science, Engineering and Technology (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by Radhakrishna G. Pillai U. Kamachi Mudali Toleti Subba Rao S. Ningshen Rani P. George T. M. SridharThis volume elaborates on various corrosion processes in different applications and their prevention strategies. It comprehensively covers the principles of corrosion, engineering issues, methods of corrosion protection and defines corrosion processes and control in select aggressive end industrial environments. The contents especially focus on corrosion issues in nuclear, aerospace, marine, high temperature, bioimplants, automobile, and addresses the application of advanced materials to mitigate them. A special section on corrosion prevention strategies with innovative solutions to resolve corrosion issues in various environments is the highlight of this book. This volume will be a useful guide for those in research, academia and industry, particularly to know state of art in corrosion control and prevention for various practical applications.
A Treatise on Good Robots
by Krzysztof TchonThis volume investigates the ways emerging technologies in the fields of robotics and bio-robotics are influencing society. It necessarily considers both philosophical and technological study of robots, including what it means for robots to exist as good and moral entities, and how they benefit humans and enhance their quality of life. Contributors address artificial intelligence and social functions as well as technical matters. Chapters are wide-ranging, and consider robots in science fiction; the need for designers to create moral robots; specific technology; and the development of biological robots. Also addressed are robotic technologies already enhancing human bodies, such as exoskeletons that allow paraplegics to walk. The contributors foresee robots becoming involved not only in mundane domestic tasks such as washing dishes, but also in providing health care to the disabled and companionship to the elderly. This volume offers exciting philosophical reflections that unveil new connections between robotics and praxiology and their practical applications.
A Trip into Space
by Lori Haskins Houran Francisca MarquezA lively, rhythmical story and detailed illustrations take readers on a trip to the International Space Station, where astronauts work, sleep, and walk in space! This great read-aloud includes the latest information (verified by NASA staff) about the ISS. Fact-filled and fun, this story will send young minds soaring.This is a fixed-format ebook, which preserves the design and layout of the original print book.
A Truck Full of Money: One Man's Quest to Recover from Great Success
by Tracy Kidder"A perfectly executed, exquisitely reported parable of the Internet age and the wild, mad adventure that is start-up culture."--Charles Duhigg Fortune, mania, genius, philanthropy--the bestselling author of Mountains Beyond Mountains gives us the inspiring story of Paul English, the founder of Kayak.com and Lola. Tracy Kidder, the "master of the nonfiction narrative" (The Baltimore Sun) and author of the bestselling classic The Soul of a New Machine, now tells the story of Paul English, a kinetic and unconventional inventor and entrepreneur, who as a boy rebelled against authority. Growing up in working-class Boston, English discovers a medium for his talents the first time he sees a computer. As a young man, despite suffering from what would eventually be diagnosed as bipolar disorder, he begins his pilgrim's journey through the ups and downs in the brave new world of computers. Relating to the Internet as if it's an extension of his own mind, he discovers that he has a talent for conceiving innovative enterprises and building teams that can develop them, becoming "a Pied Piper" of geeks. His innovative management style, success, and innate sense of fair play inspire intense loyalty. Early on, one colleague observes: "Someday this boy's going to get hit by a truck full of money, and I'm going to be standing beside him." Yet when English does indeed make a fortune, when the travel website Kayak is sold for almost two billion dollars--the first thing he thinks about is how to give the money away: "What else would you do with it?" The second thing he thinks is, What's next? With the power of a consummate storyteller, Tracy Kidder casts a fresh, critical, and often humorous eye on the way new ideas and new money are reshaping our culture and the world. A Truck Full of Money is a mesmerizing portrait of an irresistibly endearing man who is indefatigable, original, and as unpredictable as America itself. Advance praise for A Truck Full of Money"A perfectly executed, exquisitely reported parable of the Internet age, and the wild, mad adventure that is start-up culture."--Charles Duhigg "A Truck Full of Money brings us into unknown spaces of the complex workings of the mind--of a brilliant software engineer, of this new decade, of the brutal/fast business of technology, of stunning privilege, and of one man's efforts to put his fortune to humane use."--Adrian Nicole LeBlanc"The story of [an] entrepreneur's remarkable life [and] the new American economy and the technological world that built it. More engrossing work from a gifted practitioner of narrative nonfiction."--Kirkus ReviewsFrom the Hardcover edition.
A Tutorial Introduction to VHDL Programming
by Orhan GaziThis book helps readers create good VHDL descriptions and simulate VHDL designs. It teaches VHDL using selected sample problems, which are solved step by step and with precise explanations, so that readers get a clear idea of what a good VHDL code should look like.The book is divided into eight chapters, covering aspects ranging from the very basics of VHDL syntax and the module concept, to VHDL logic circuit implementations. In the first chapter, the entity and architecture parts of a VHDL program are explained in detail. The second chapter explains the implementations of combinational logic circuits in VHDL language, while the following chapters offer information on the simulation of VHDL programs and demonstrate how to define data types other than the standard ones available in VHDL libraries. In turn, the fifth chapter explains the implementation of clocked sequential logic circuits, and the sixth shows the implementation of registers and counter packages. The book’s last two chapters detail how components, functions and procedures, as well as floating-point numbers, are implemented in VHDL. The book offers extensive exercises at the end of each chapter, inviting readers to learn VHDL by doing it and writing good code.
A Tutorial on the WKB Approximation for Innovative Dirac Materials: Graphene and Beyond (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #292)
by Andrii IurovThis textbook serves to supplement existing quantum mechanics courses with the WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) theory for recently discovered Dirac materials, such as graphene, a dice lattice, and alpha-T3 materials. This includes finding the semiclassical wave function, coordinate-dependent momentum, semiclassical action, the complete set of transport equations, and applicability conditions for the approximation. The discovery of graphene and its unique electronic behavior has transformed research in condensed matter physics over the last 10-15 years, but core curriculum in standard graduate-level physics courses still does not reflect these new developments and this book intends to close this gap. With a clear focus on various types of Dirac Hamiltonians, the multidimensional theory is only a small part of the book. The derivation of the WKB equations for novel Dirac materials and their applications to electron tunneling, turning points and classically forbidden regions, resonances and localized states, and many other crucial physical problems are methodically presented. This textbook aims to expand the existing approach to presenting the WKB approximation and covers recent developments in its applications. This book also includes many informative graphics, as well as problems and exercises with hints at the end of each chapter. Additional detailed mathematical derivations, as well as code in Mathematica, are added throughout the whole book. Ideal for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics, this textbook serves as a modern guide for learning the WKB theory.
A Two-Dimensional Piezoresistivity Model for Anisotropic Materials and its Application in Self-Sensing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (Mechanics and Adaptronics)
by Patrick ScholleThis thesis works on the topic of fiber-reinforced plastics and discusses the measurement of strain with embedded sensors. Embedding sensors into a structure fundamentally poses challenges arising from the differences in mechanical properties of sensor and structure. This thesis works on the research area of Self-Sensing, where these challenges are overcome by using carbon fibers for both load-carrying and strain-sensing functions. Starting with a literature review, this thesis proposes three research hypotheses, which are targeted to describe the Self-Sensing properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) for strain measurements. These hypotheses assume, that the electric anisotropy of the material results in a complex voltage distribution within a Self-Sensing specimen. In order to discuss this point further, a two-dimensional piezoresistivity model based on the Laplace equation is introduced. The developed model newly allows to quantify the electric potential changes in specimens with arbitrary geometrical dimensions and electric anisotropy.Furthermore, this thesis discusses a set of experimental results on the piezoresistive properties of unidirectional CFRP made with the pultrusion process. Overall, the results of the experiments indicate that the most repeatable results are obtained for specimens with electric contacts at their cut-end. This approach allows to manufacture Self-Strain-Sensing rods with a gauge factor of approximately 1.9 that can be used in a multifunctional manner for both load-carrying and strain-sensing purposes. Furthermore, a novel measurement setup is developed, which allows to acquire the electric potential distribution on the surface of electrical conductors with very high spacial resolution. This experimental setup newly reveals that the current flow in specimens can be more complex than assumed in a two-dimensional model.
A Two-Step Perturbation Method in Nonlinear Analysis of Beams, Plates and Shells
by Hui-Shen ShenThe capability to predict the nonlinear response of beams, plates and shells when subjected to thermal and mechanical loads is of prime interest to structural analysis. In fact, many structures are subjected to high load levels that may result in nonlinear load-deflection relationships due to large deformations. One of the important problems deserving special attention is the study of their nonlinear response to large deflection, postbuckling and nonlinear vibration. A two-step perturbation method is firstly proposed by Shen and Zhang (1988) for postbuckling analysis of isotropic plates. This approach gives parametrical analytical expressions of the variables in the postbuckling range and has been generalized to other plate postbuckling situations. This approach is then successfully used in solving many nonlinear bending, postbuckling, and nonlinear vibration problems of composite laminated plates and shells, in particular for some difficult tasks, for example, shear deformable plates with four free edges resting on elastic foundations, contact postbuckling of laminated plates and shells, nonlinear vibration of anisotropic cylindrical shells. This approach may be found its more extensive applications in nonlinear analysis of nano-scale structures. Concentrates on three types of nonlinear analyses: vibration, bending and postbuckling Presents not only the theoretical aspect of the techniques, but also engineering applications of the method A Two-Step Perturbation Method in Nonlinear Analysis of Beams, Plates and Shells is an original and unique technique devoted entirely to solve geometrically nonlinear problems of beams, plates and shells. It is ideal for academics, researchers and postgraduates in mechanical engineering, civil engineering and aeronautical engineering.
A Unified Algebraic Approach To Control Design
by DimitriE. GrigoriadisThis text deals with the most fundamental deficiency of modern theory control: the lack of an easily applicable method for the design of low order controllers. It shows that solutions to many different problems in control all reduce to the same linear algebra problem. It employs matrix equalities and matrix inequalities in the solutions of fixed order control and also provides computational algorithms.
A Unifying Framework for Formal Theories of Novelty: Discussions, Guidelines, and Examples for Artificial Intelligence (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision)
by Terrance Boult Walter ScheirerThis book presents the first unified formalization for defining novelty across the span of machine learning, symbolic-reasoning, and control and planning-based systems. Dealing with novelty, things not previously seen by a system, is a critical issue for building vision-systems and general intelligent systems. The book presents examples of using this framework to define and evaluate in multiple domains including image recognition image-based open world learning, hand-writing and author analysis, CartPole Control, Image Captioning, and Monopoly. Chapters are written by well-known contributors to this new and emerging field. In addition, examples are provided from multiple areas, such as machine-learning based control problems, symbolic reasoning, and multi-player games.
A Universe Big & Small: A Story About Carl Sagan
by James YangGeisel Award–winning creator James Yang explores the mysteries of the universe, inspired by the work of lauded astronomer Carl Sagan.When Carl stared out the window, he had many questions.Astronomer and scientist Carl Sagan loved asking questions—he wanted to learn about everything from the smallest atoms to the vastness of the galaxy. And by using his imagination and allowing himself to dream up questions big and small, he inspired others to keep exploring the mysteries of the universe and our place in it.Geisel Award-winning author and illustrator James Yang invites readers on a fantastic journey through the cosmos, inspired by the life and work of Carl Sagan.
A User's Guide to Ellipsometry (Dover Civil and Mechanical Engineering)
by Harland G. TompkinsThis text on optics for graduate students explains how to determine material properties and parameters for inaccessible substrates and unknown films as well as how to measure extremely thin films. Its 14 case studies illustrate concepts and reinforce applications of ellipsometry -- particularly in relation to the semiconductor industry and to studies involving corrosion and oxide growth.A User's Guide to Ellipsometry will enable readers to move beyond limited turn-key applications of ellipsometers. In addition to its comprehensive discussions of the measurement of film thickness and optical constants in film, it also considers the trajectories of the ellipsometric parameters Del and Psi and how changes in materials affect parameters. This volume also addresses the use of polysilicon, a material commonly employed in the microelectronics industry, and the effects of substrate roughness. Three appendices provide helpful references.
A User's Guide to the Age of Tech (Electronic Mediations)
by Grant WythoffHow users experience and influence technological change—when so much of that change feels out of our control Every day, we casually employ one of the most complex tools ever created, using it to read the news, plan our day, and connect with friends. In A User&’s Guide to the Age of Tech, Grant Wythoff investigates the process by which now-ubiquitous technologies like our phones become integrated into our lives, showing how the &“gadget&” stage—before devices are widely adopted—opens the door for users to co-create these technologies and adapt them toward unexpected ends. In this elegant, approachable work, Wythoff offers a view of how users make new technology their own, subverting dominant power structures and imagining uses never intended by their creators. Rooted in a detailed look into the history of technique (focusing on how we do things with tools rather than the tools themselves), A User&’s Guide to the Age of Tech proceeds to complicate, and influence, discussion of subjects like the digital divide and AI. Drawing on a range of sources, including novels, patents, and newspapers, Wythoff explores the vernacular philosophies that have emerged from users and their diverse, everyday practices, bringing down to earth the conversation about digital titans, away from the abstracted domains of server farms and algorithms. Lodging a passionate argument that we know ourselves better than the data brokers who appear to wield influence over our psyches, Wythoff invites readers (and tech users) to imagine their own digital technique, acknowledge their vast expertise, and see its immense value. Retail e-book files for this title are screen-reader friendly with images accompanied by short alt text and/or extended descriptions.
A User's Manual to the PMBOK Guide
by Cynthia Snyder StackpoleThe must-have manual to understand and use the latest edition of the Fifth Edition The professional standard in the field of project management, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide—Fifth Edition) published by the Project Management Institute (PMI®) serves as the ultimate resource for professionals and as a valuable studying and training device for students taking the PMP® Exam. A User's Manual to the PMBOK® Guide takes the next logical step to act as a true user's manual. With an accessible format and easy-to-understand language, it helps to not only distill essential information contained in the PMBOK® Guide—Fifth Edition, but also fills an educational gap by offering instruction on how to apply its various tools and techniques. This edition of the User's Manual: Defines each project management process in the PMBOK® Guide—Fifth Edition, describes the intent, and discusses the individual ITTOs (inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs) Features examples, handy tips, and sample forms to supplement learning Contains a data flow diagram of each process in the PMBOK® Guide—Fifth Edition to show how information is distributed Is updated to provide deeper coverage of stakeholder management and to include new processes for scope, schedule, cost, and stakeholder management The User's Manual enables you to put the PMBOK Guide—Fifth Edition to work on your projects. It will help you implement the processes described in the PMBOK Guide—Fifth Edition and apply the tools and techniques to help make your projects successful. Thorough in coverage and rich in content, it is a worthy companion to augment the important strategies laid out in the PMBOK® Guide—Fifth Edition, and the one book that aspiring or professional project managers should never be without. Fully updated to align with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)–Fifth Edition Describes how to apply tools and techniques for projects and how to create process outputs Presents information by process group Expands upon the PMBOK® Guide with information on the sponsor's role and planning loops Integrates and describes interpersonal skills into the process where they are identified (PMBOK, PMI, PMP and Project Management Professional are registered marks of the Project Management Institute, Inc.)