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Counter-Terrorism Technologies: A Critical Assessment (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Peter LehrThis book critically discusses the role of technology for counter-terrorism in general, and for securing our vulnerable open societies in particular. It is set against the backdrop of the terrorist threat posed by the combined forces of Al Qaeda and ISIS/Daesh in the foreseeable future. The book commences by illuminating current and foreseeable tactics and weapons used by these implacable enemies – weapons that may well include chemical, biological, radiological and potentially even nuclear (CBRN) devices. In a second part, it introduces technologies already available or in development that promise an increase in safety and security when it comes to the dangers posed by these terrorists. This part also includes a critical discussion of advantages and disadvantages of such technologies that are, quite often, sold as a ‘silver bullet’ approach in the fight against terrorism. Controversies such as those triggered by the abuse of millimeter wave scanners deployed at several Western European airports will demonstrate that there are costs involved with regard to human rights. The third, analytical part takes the critical discussion further by arguing that the uncritical fielding of new surveillance and control technologies in parallel with the on-going outsourcing and privatization of key services of the state could well lead to dystopias as envisaged in a rather prescient way by the so-called cyperpunk novels of the 1980s. The book concludes with the question that any liberal democracy should ask itself: how far can we go with regard to hardening our societies against terrorist threats?
Counterfeit Integrated Circuits: Detection and Avoidance
by Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor Ujjwal Guin Domenic ForteThis timely and exhaustive study offers a much-needed examination of the scope and consequences of the electronic counterfeit trade. The authors describe a variety of shortcomings and vulnerabilities in the electronic component supply chain, which can result in counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). Not only does this book provide an assessment of the current counterfeiting problems facing both the public and private sectors, it also offers practical, real-world solutions for combatting this substantial threat. #65533; Helps beginners and practitioners in the field by providing a comprehensive background on the counterfeiting problem; #65533; Presents innovative taxonomies for counterfeit types, test methods, and counterfeit defects, which allows for a detailed analysis of counterfeiting and its mitigation; #65533; Provides step-by-step solutions for detecting different types of counterfeit ICs; #65533; Offers pragmatic and practice-oriented, realistic solutions to counterfeit IC detection and avoidance, for industry and government.
Counterflows
by Vladimir ShternThis book discusses the physical mechanisms that drive counterflows, examining how they emerge, develop, become double and multiple counterflows and comprise both global and local circulations. Counterflows play an important role in nature and technology. A natural example is the Gulf Stream and the opposite flow in the ocean depths. Technological applications include hydrocyclones, vortex tubes and vortex combustors. These elongated counterflows are wildly turbulent but survive intense mixing, a seeming paradox. Local counterflows, whose spatial extent is small compared with that of surrounding flows, occur behind bluff bodies and in swirling streams. The latter are often referred to as vortex breakdown bubbles, which occur in tornadoes and above delta wings. Most scale counterflows are cosmic bipolar jets. Most miniature counterflows occur in capillary menisci of electrosprays and fuel atomisers.
Countering Air Terrorism (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Pavel Pavlovich HachikyanThis book examines the issues of ensuring anti-terrorist security of an aviation enterprise, provides a history of terrorism in the aviation sector, and analyzes the legal regulations. This book provides mathematical and mathematical–psychological models for reducing the risk of terrorist threats, which makes it possible to objectively increase the safety of air transport facilities, reduce the likelihood of terrorist attacks, save human lives and prevent significant material losses. The solutions of general humanistic problems proposed in the book—preventing accidents and preserving the world—are an original feature of the book, which allows one to treat it with the necessary attention and interest for the reader. The concept of anti-terrorist security of an aviation enterprise presented in this book has been widely tested and introduced into the activities of leading aviation enterprises, including the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), and has been used in the investigation of aviation accidents. This book is written for a wide range of audience associated with ensuring aviation transport security and for the end users of airlines—passengers, in order to expand their knowledge about the reliability of using air transport.
Countering Cyber Sabotage: Introducing Consequence-Driven, Cyber-Informed Engineering (CCE)
by Sarah Freeman Andrew A. BochmanCountering Cyber Sabotage: Introducing Consequence-Driven, Cyber-Informed Engineering (CCE) introduces a new methodology to help critical infrastructure owners, operators and their security practitioners make demonstrable improvements in securing their most important functions and processes. Current best practice approaches to cyber defense struggle to stop targeted attackers from creating potentially catastrophic results. From a national security perspective, it is not just the damage to the military, the economy, or essential critical infrastructure companies that is a concern. It is the cumulative, downstream effects from potential regional blackouts, military mission kills, transportation stoppages, water delivery or treatment issues, and so on. CCE is a validation that engineering first principles can be applied to the most important cybersecurity challenges and in so doing, protect organizations in ways current approaches do not. The most pressing threat is cyber-enabled sabotage, and CCE begins with the assumption that well-resourced, adaptive adversaries are already in and have been for some time, undetected and perhaps undetectable. Chapter 1 recaps the current and near-future states of digital technologies in critical infrastructure and the implications of our near-total dependence on them. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the origins of the methodology and set the stage for the more in-depth examination that follows. Chapter 4 describes how to prepare for an engagement, and chapters 5-8 address each of the four phases. The CCE phase chapters take the reader on a more granular walkthrough of the methodology with examples from the field, phase objectives, and the steps to take in each phase. Concluding chapter 9 covers training options and looks towards a future where these concepts are scaled more broadly.
Countering Terrorism and WMD: Creating a Global Counter-Terrorism Network (Political Violence)
by Peter Katona Michael D. Intriligator John P. SullivanThis volume shows us that in order to deal with today’s Fourth Generation asymmetric warfare by terrorist groups using conventional arms and weapons of mass destruction, we need a new ‘global networked’ approach. The contributors examine the various attempts that have been made to counter the latest wave of terrorism, including the US strikes against Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush's declaration of a ‘war against terrorism’, the creation of the US Department of Homeland Security, and the 9/11 Commission. Drawing from our experience with ‘Terrorism Early Warning’ and the co-production of counter-terrorism intelligence, this book explains the need for such a network and shows how it could be formed. It compiles the opinions of experts from clinical medicine, public policy, law enforcement and the military. These expert contributors identify the nature of a global counter-terrorism network, show how it could be created, and provide clear guidelines for gauging its future effectiveness. This book will be of great interest to all students of terrorism studies, US national security, international relations, and political science in general.
Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan: Rand Counterinsurgency Study
by Seth G. JonesThis study explores the nature of the insurgency in Afghanistan, the key challenges and successes of the U.S.-led counterinsurgency campaign, and the capabilities necessary to wage effective counterinsurgency operations. By examining the key lessons from all insurgencies since World War II, it finds that most policymakers repeatedly underestimate the importance of indigenous actors to counterinsurgency efforts. The U.S. should focus its resources on helping improve the capacity of the indigenous government and indigenous security forces to wage counterinsurgency. It has not always done this well. The U.S. military-along with U.S. civilian agencies and other coalition partners-is more likely to be successful in counterinsurgency warfare the more capable and legitimate the indigenous security forces (especially the police), the better the governance capacity of the local state, and the less external support that insurgents receive.
Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare
by Daniel Marston Carter MalkasianThrough history armies of occupation and civil power have been repeatedly faced with the challenges of insurgency. US involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan has highlighted this form of conflict in the modern world. Armies, sometimes reluctantly, have had to adopt new doctrines and tactics to deal with the problems of insurgency and diverse counterinsurgency strategies have been developed. These have ranged from conventional military operations to a combination of military and political strategy including propaganda, Psy-Ops, and other approaches. In Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare 13 contributors examine developments in counterinsurgency from the early 20th century to the present. Each author, an expert in his field, discusses in depth the conduct and outcomes of operations across the globe, including the Arab-Israeli conflict, Afghanistan and Iraq, and draws out the lessons to be learned from them. This book is a timely, serious yet accessible survey of a critical facet of modern warfare and present-day global conflict.
Counterinsurgency Scorecard: Afghanistan In Early 2011 Relative to the Insurgencies of the Past 30 Years
by Christopher PaulA core finding of previous RAND research on 30 years of insurgencies worldwide was that a conflict's overall score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 12 equally weighted bad counterinsurgency factors and practices perfectly predicted the ultimate outcome. Using the scorecard approach and an expert elicitation (Delphi) exercise, a RAND project sought to extend the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2011.
Counterspace: The Next Hours of World War III
by William B. Scott Michael J. Coumatos William J. BirnesIn Space Wars, Scott, Coumatos, and Birnes created a fascinating war gaming scenario of how World War III might unfold in above the Earth's surface. Now this thrilling team of writers reunites with Counterspace, an even more chilling fictionalized look at America's most catastrophic fears. What if North Korea detonated a nuclear weapon in space and silenced dozens of satellites? What if an Iranian missile threatened to destroy Israel, while a Venezuelan "research" satellite endangered one of the US's most promising space initiatives?What if tech-savvy terrorist cells unleashed back-to-back horrors in California, creating an avalanche of crises overnight, as national leaders robbed of spy satellite imagery were forced to make decisions in the "blind"?These are the scenarios of Counterspace, a frighteningly plausible look at threats to the United States and the world. Scott, Coumatos, and Birnes use war gaming scenarios to show how the US Strategic Command might choose to fight off these menaces and prevent global disaster. Combining current and future technology with our enemies' grandest plans, Counterspace is equally a terrifying possibility and a hopeful affirmation that America can and will be ready to face such dangers, told with the pulse-pounding power of a modern day thriller.At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.
Counting Cows
by Woody JacksonCows munch, meander, sleep, sun themselves, and wade through vibrant Vermont landscapes before gathering for a kick-up-your-hooves barn dance. This bold, bovine twist on counting is sure to amuse little ones just learning their numbers.
Counting on Katherine: How Katherine Johnson Saved Apollo 13
by Helaine BeckerThe story of Katherine Johnson whose contributions were crucial to the America's space program.
Country Grit: A Farmoir of Finding Purpose and Love
by Scottie JonesScottie Jones lived a typical suburban, professional life in Phoenix until her husband, Greg, got into a near-fatal car accident. While recovering, he became convinced that they needed a change and a simpler way of life, one more connected with nature and with each other. So, driven by a desire to cut ties with a material and convenient suburban life that had left them feeling empty, they bought a peaceful-looking farmhouse on sixty acres in Oregon and said good-bye to everything they knew. But though the grass may look greener, the road to pastoral bliss is fraught with financial woes, relentless rural roadblocks, and colossal failures. When the burden becomes almost too much to bear, Scottie hits on the idea of turning a house they initially built for their daughter into a Farm Stay, where people could visit and learn about Leaping Lamb Farm. The Farm Stay becomes the niche that rescues them from foreclosure—having found both a sense of purpose and a sense of place, the couple now finds the means to sustain it. In a world increasingly filled with questions of where our food comes from and dissatisfactions about our modern lives, Country Grit is a story that will resonate with countless people itching to get back to the land. Told with humor and hard-earned wisdom, it is also an account of what small-scale farmers across the country experience everyday and a warning that the farming life is not for everyone.
A Countryside For All: The Future of Rural Britain
by Michael SissonsThe rural fuse has been lit. The countryside is tinder-dry. Post offices and banks, shops and schools are closing. Farmers are going out of business. Houses are becoming unaffordable as prices soar ad poverty grows. Pollution and over-exploitation are destroying landscapes. Many rural communities are on the verge of collapse. Some fear the foot- and - mouth crisis will prove to be the last straw. This book offers disturbing evidence of the background to the crisis.A Countryside For All is a rallying cry for action, pointing ways towards a presciption for the future. This volume tackles many of the issues in a variety of new and original ways. Possibly the most controversial and radical call is for the creation of a Department for the Countryside, with a Secretary of State for the Countryside- who would be responsible for setting a coherent set of policies to reverse the decline of rural Britain.This timely book outlines the main problems facing the countryside, and starts to bring together a balanced range of proposals. Thought-provoking, filled with common sense, often controversial but always fascinating, it points the way forward for the countryside, and for town and country as a whole.
The Couple in the Photo: The gripping summer thriller about secrets, murder and friends you can't trust
by Helen Cooper'What a wild ride!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'Wow!... A page-turning domestic suspense that will keep you on the edge of your seat' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'I inhaled it in one day... Fast-paced mystery with many twists and turns... I was guessing until the final few pages how all of the threads came together. I absolutely could not put it down' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐They're your best friends.Lucy and her husband do everything with their closest friends Cora and Scott. They've even bought a beach house together to enjoy summers with their kids. They're more than friends: they're family.They're hiding something.When a colleague passes around photographs from her honeymoon in the Maldives, Lucy is shocked to see Scott in one of the pictures, his arm around another woman.The truth will change everything.Then news breaks that the woman from the photograph has mysteriously vanished. Why was Scott there and what is he hiding?As Lucy looks for answers, her whole life begins to unravel. If the lies start here, where do they end?A totally gripping and absolutely addictive psychological thriller with a killer twist you will never see coming. Fans of Daniel Hurst, Freida McFadden and K.L Slater will be hooked from the very first page.Readers are gripped by The Couple in the Photo:'I mean, wow! Holy, moly, my head might have just spun right on off my shoulders!... This book delivers!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'EXCELLENT THRILLER... If you love thrillers, twisty stories and a great heroine, The Couple in the Photo is for you!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'A jaw dropping read which will continually shock you and the ending? Well, picture perfect!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'The very first page had me hooked and wanting more. This book was very fast-paced and I did not want to put it down. Each chapter had me guessing more and more until the end!! As soon as I thought I could guess the ending there was another twist... I read for 5 hours straight' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐Praise for The Couple in the Photo:'I was hooked from the first page and positively devoured this masterfully constructed tale of lies and deceit. An absolute must-read for all thriller fans: I LOVED it!' Sarah Bonner'A twisty and intriguing suspense filled with lies and secrets that will have you salivating for more. Her best yet' Mira V Shah
Coupled CFD-DEM Modeling: Formulation, Implementation and Application to Multiphase Flows
by Hamid Reza Norouzi Navid Mostoufi Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh Reza ZarghamiDiscusses the CFD-DEM method of modeling which combines both the Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics to simulate fluid-particle interactions. Deals with both theoretical and practical concepts of CFD-DEM, its numerical implementation accompanied by a hands-on numerical code in FORTRAN Gives examples of industrial applications
Coupled DEM-CFD Analyses of Landslide-Induced Debris Flows (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Tao ZhaoThis book reflects the latest research results in computer modelling of landslide-induced debris flows. The book establishes an understanding of the initiation and propagation mechanisms of landslides by means of numerical simulations, so that mitigation strategies to reduce the long-term losses from landslide hazards can be devised. In this context, the book employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of granular materials involved in landslides - an approach that yields meaningful insights into the flow mechanisms, concerning e. g. the mobilization of sediments, the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressures, and the evolution of effective stresses. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and robust numerical tools that can be successfully applied in the field of debris flow research.
Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Binary Mixtures at Supercritical Pressures (Springer Theses)
by Zhan-Chao HuSupercritical pressure fluids have been exploited in many engineering fields, where binary mixtures are frequently encountered. This book focuses on the coupled heat and mass transfer in them, where the coupling comes from cross-diffusion effects (i.e., Soret and Dufour effects) and temperature-dependent boundary reactions. Under this configuration, three main topics are discussed: relaxation and diffusion problems, hydrodynamic stability, and convective heat and mass transfer. This book reports a series of new phenomena, novel mechanisms, and an innovative engineering design in hydrodynamics and transport phenomena of binary mixtures at supercritical pressures. This book covers not only current research progress but also basic knowledge and background. It is very friendly to readers new to this field, especially graduate students without a deep theoretical background.
Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics (Mathematics in Industry #21)
by Michael GüntherDesigning complex integrated circuits relies heavily on mathematical methods and calls for suitable simulation and optimization tools. The current design approach involves simulations and optimizations in different physical domains (device, circuit, thermal, electromagnetic) and in a range of electrical engineering disciplines (logic, timing, power, crosstalk, signal integrity, system functionality). COMSON was a Marie Curie Research Training Network created to meet these new scientific and training challenges by (a) developing new descriptive models that take these mutual dependencies into account, (b) combining these models with existing circuit descriptions in new simulation strategies and (c) developing new optimization techniques that will accommodate new designs. The book presents the main project results in the fields of PDAE modeling and simulation, model order reduction techniques and optimization, based on merging the know-how of three major European semiconductor companies with the combined expertise of university groups specialized in developing suitable mathematical models, numerical schemes and e-learning facilities. In addition, a common Demonstrator Platform for testing mathematical methods and approaches was created to assess whether they are capable of addressing the industry's problems, and to educate young researchers by providing hands-on experience with state-of-the-art problems.
Coupled Structures for Microwave Sensing (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1150)
by Ferran Martín Enrique BronchaloThis book offers a comprehensive and timely review of planar microwave sensors based on coupled structures. Gathering chapters contributed by the most authoritative researchers on this topic, it presents various strategies for sensor performance optimization using coupled lines, directional couplers, and coupled resonators (either distributed or semi-lumped), focusing mainly on sensitivity optimization, and covering chains of coupled resonators as well. The book also reports on analytical methods, design formulas, sensor validation tests, with both simulation and experimental methods, describing some relevant practical applications. Mainly reflecting the research activity carried out by the different contributors in the last years, this book also includes two introductory chapters to help readers who are not very familiar with microwave sensing technologies and coupled structures. All in all, this book addresses advanced graduate students and researchers involved in microwave and sensor technologies, and may be of interest for engineers and professionals as well, working in areas as diverse as wireless sensors and sensor networks, biosensing, chemical sensing, motion control, microfluidics, Internet of Things (IoT), and smart systems.
Coupled System Pavement - Tire - Vehicle: A Holistic Computational Approach (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #96)
by Michael Kaliske Markus Oeser Lutz Eckstein Sabine Leischner Wolfram Ressel Frohmut WellnerThis book summarizes research being pursued within the Research Unit FOR 2089, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the goal of which is to develop the scientific base for a paradigm shift towards dimensioning, structural realization and maintenance of pavements, and prepare road infrastructure for future requirements. It provides a coupled thermo-mechanical model for a holistic physical analysis of the pavement-tire-vehicle system: based on this model, pavement structures and materials can be optimized so that new demands become compatible with the main goal – durability of the structures and the materials. The development of these new and qualitatively improved modelling approaches requires a holistic procedure through the coupling of theoretical numerical and experimental approaches as well as an interdisciplinary and closely linked handling of the coupled pavement-tire-vehicle system. This interdisciplinary research provides a deeper understanding of the physics of the full system through complex, coupled simulation approaches and progress in terms of improved and, therefore, more durable and sustainable structures.
Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes in Fractured Rock Masses: Discrete Element Modeling and Engineering Applications
by Fengshou Zhang Branko Damjanac Jason FurtneyThe subject of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock masses has close relevance to energy-related deep earth engineering activities, such as enhanced geothermal systems, geological disposal of radioactive waste, sequestration of CO2, long-term disposal of waste water and recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. Despite great efforts by engineers and researchers, comprehensive understanding of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock mass remains a great challenge. The discrete element method (DEM), originally developed by Dr. Peter Cundall, has become widely used for the modeling of a rock mass, including its deformation, damage, fracturing and stability. DEM modeling of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock masses can provide some unique insights, to say the least, for better understanding of those complex issues.The authors of this book have participated in various projects involving DEM modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes during treatment of a rock mass by fluid injection and/or extraction and have provided consulting services to some of the largest oil-and-gas companies in the world. The breadth and depth of our engineering expertise are reflected by its successful applications in the major unconventional plays in the world, including Permian, Marcellus, Bakken, Eagle Ford, Horn River, Chicontepec, Sichuan, Ordos and many more. The unique combination of the state-of-the-art numerical modeling techniques with state-of-the-practice engineering applications makes the presented material relevant and valuable for engineering practice. We believe that it is beneficial to share the advances on this subject and promote some further development.
The Coupling of Safety and Security: Exploring Interrelations in Theory and Practice (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Corinne Bieder Kenneth Pettersen GouldThis open access book explores the synergies and tensions between safety and security management from a variety of perspectives and by combining input from numerous disciplines. It defines the concepts of safety and security, and discusses the methodological, organizational and institutional implications that accompany approaching them as separate entities and combining them, respectively.The book explores the coupling of safety and security from different perspectives, especially: the concepts and methods of risk, safety and security; the managerial aspects; user experiences in connection with safety and security. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of safety and security, and to anyone working at a business or in an industry concerned with how safety and security should be managed.
Courageous Edventures: Navigating Obstacles to Discover Classroom Innovation (Corwin Teaching Essentials)
by Jennie MagieraChart a course to innovation using educational technology Let’s go on an edventure! Do you want to innovate and take risks in your teaching? Looking for ways to troubleshoot common classroom challenges? Whatever obstacles you and your students face can turn into edventures, and this book will show you how to navigate them with grace, humor, and grit. Jennie Magiera charts a course for you to discover your own version of innovation, using the limitless possibilities of educational technology. You will learn: How to create your own Teacher-IEP (Innovation Exploration Plan) Keys to problem-based innovation (PBI) Strategies and solutions for tackling common classroom problems Methods for putting learning into the hands of students How to find innovation in everyday places Packed with real-world, immediately applicable solutions to the problems teachers face in their classrooms every day,Courageous Edventures shows how technology can be a fun and easy tool to improve classroom management and student learning! "Magiera leads people on a journey with some great ideas to get started in the classroom right now, or the inspiration to find your own way, leading to innovative ideas for learning and teaching." George Couros, Author of The Innovator′s Mindset and Innovative Teaching, Learning, and Leadership Consultant "This book does a superb job of providing practical ideas and strategies on how to actually implement innovative practices in today′s classroom. Her knowledge and experience as a change agent further strengthen the techniques presented and will help educators truly envision what′s possible in classrooms today." Eric Sheninger, Corwin Author and Senior Fellow International Center for Leadership in Education
Courageous Edventures: Navigating Obstacles to Discover Classroom Innovation (Corwin Teaching Essentials)
by Jennie MagieraChart a course to innovation using educational technology Let’s go on an edventure! Do you want to innovate and take risks in your teaching? Looking for ways to troubleshoot common classroom challenges? Whatever obstacles you and your students face can turn into edventures, and this book will show you how to navigate them with grace, humor, and grit. Jennie Magiera charts a course for you to discover your own version of innovation, using the limitless possibilities of educational technology. You will learn: How to create your own Teacher-IEP (Innovation Exploration Plan) Keys to problem-based innovation (PBI) Strategies and solutions for tackling common classroom problems Methods for putting learning into the hands of students How to find innovation in everyday places Packed with real-world, immediately applicable solutions to the problems teachers face in their classrooms every day,Courageous Edventures shows how technology can be a fun and easy tool to improve classroom management and student learning! "Magiera leads people on a journey with some great ideas to get started in the classroom right now, or the inspiration to find your own way, leading to innovative ideas for learning and teaching." George Couros, Author of The Innovator′s Mindset and Innovative Teaching, Learning, and Leadership Consultant "This book does a superb job of providing practical ideas and strategies on how to actually implement innovative practices in today′s classroom. Her knowledge and experience as a change agent further strengthen the techniques presented and will help educators truly envision what′s possible in classrooms today." Eric Sheninger, Corwin Author and Senior Fellow International Center for Leadership in Education