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Container Handling in Automated Yard Blocks: An Integrative Approach Based on Time Information (Contributions to Management Science)
by Filip CovicThe yard block of a container terminal is the central point of synchronisation for asynchronous container flows between deep-sea vessels and transport to the hinterland. The structure of the block stipulates that containers are stacked on top of each other with only the topmost container directly accessible by a yard crane. This book describes a holistic and integrative approach to container handling in yard blocks to optimise productivity by minimising re-handling operations. The results provide insights for academic scholars as well as for experts from practical terminal planning and operations. The approach presented is two-fold: first, a theoretical foundation of the interdependencies in decision-making is established using mathematical programming. Secondly, operations involving uncertain container arrival information are examined on the basis of a simulation with a rigorous experimental design and statistical evaluation. In this context, the book develops container-handling strategies and analyses the impact of a system for vehicle arrival management – the "Terminal Appointment System". The findings presented in this book are the result of a close cooperation with experts at the port of Hamburg and build on previous research.
Containerization in Maritime Transport: Contemporary Trends and Challenges
by Ryszard K. Miler Eugeniusz Gostomski Tomasz NowosielskiContainerization provides optimization of handling processes in terms of intermodality and efficient cargo handling, and maritime transport, in particular, it provides further optimization of shipping processes in terms of volume and distance. Containerization has become the most significant factor stimulating the development of modern global trade. With the progress of globalization taken into account (longer distances and increasing cargo volumes), it can be seen that cargo becomes predestined to be transported by sea, which encourages ship owners to enlarge their fleets of container ships. Containerization in Maritime Transport: Contemporary Trends and Challenges addresses the key challenges to maritime transport and containerization, beginning with economic and managerial factors, through organizational, technical, operational, information and IT challenges, and ending with ecological challenges—ideally to lessen the environmental impacts of maritime transport. Features: Discusses the latest technological advances in shipping, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), 5G networks, smart camera and computer vision systems, and digital twin technology. Presents ecological considerations and solutions that are indispensable to develop efficient and safe green supply chains. Examines the economic aspects of shipping with regard to transport and container handling costs in international trade.
Containerized Cargo Handling and Stowage: Principles and Procedures (Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping #22)
by Alexander Arnfinn Olsen Fidaa KarkoriContainer industry is gathering pace as vessels are becoming increasingly larger, with the volume of containers carried regularly exceeding 23,000 per vessel. This means the scope for accidents and incidents is also increasing exponentially. This title aims to provide those professionals involved in the packing and handling of cargoes inside containers with the necessary knowledge to do so safely. This will help ensure container collapses are avoided due to inertial forces both at sea and during land transportation.
Containment: A Thriller
by Hank ParkerFrom a former US government advisor on agroterrorism comes a ripped-from-the-headlines debut thriller about a global plot to release a deadly virus and the elite response team who must try to stop it.When a gruesome new tick-borne virus breaks out near a major US city and the outbreak is traced to an extremist group in Southeast Asia, the race to stop a global bioterrorism conspiracy is on. Government epidemiologist Mariah Rossi must leave the safety of her lab to help fellow scientist and covert CIA agent Curt Kennedy track the disease back to its source. Their worldwide net leads them to an underground lab in the jungles of the Philippines, then to a deadly and climactic battle in coral reefs near Malaysian Borneo, and finally to London and back to America, where the virus must be contained. For fans of Michael Crichton and Richard Preston, this chilling, realistic thriller is a terrifying reminder of how vulnerable humans are to biological threats—and in this instance, just one tick bite away from catastrophe.
Containment in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Drugs And The Pharmaceutical Sciences Ser. #108)
by James P. WoodDelivering an encompassing overview of the factors, varieties, and applications determining product containment, this concise reference provides authoritative information on containment processes. It reviews the historical context, definition, evolution, and application of containment technology, analyzes a variety of containment techniques in new
Containment of High-Level Radioactive and Hazardous Solid Wastes with Clay Barriers (Spon Research)
by null Raymond N. Yong null Roland Pusch null Masashi NakanoOne of the principal objections to or problems with the use of nuclear fuel is that a proven method for safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel has yet to be established. The central focus of most schemes underway to dispose of these high-level radioactive wastes relies on clay-based buffers and barriers to isolate spent fuel canisters in borehole
Containment Structures: Proceedings of the IABSE Henderson Colloquium
by B. SimpsonThis book brings together contributions from some of the leading researchers and practising engineers in the field of silos and containment structures, and is derived from a specially invited colloquium on the subject. As well as case studies, it includes reviews dealing with safety and risk in design and operation of these structures.
Containment Technology: Progress in the Pharmaceutical and Food Processing Industry
by Hans-Jürgen Bässler Frank LehmannThis book covers all aspects of containment technology in depth and the latest developments in this exciting field are introduced. This book is a key publication to planning engineers, production managers and those interested in getting a picture of the different applications of the isolator technology. References on literature, laws, norms and guidelines will support the reader to become acquainted with the containment technology.
Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment
by Brian Berkowitz Bruno Yaron Ishai DrorIn this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of "emerging contaminants" that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a "human lifetime scale".
Contaminant Hydrogeology
by C. W. Fetter Thomas Boving David KreamerTremendous progress has been made in the field of remediation technologies since the second edition of Contaminant Hydrogeology was published two decades ago, and its content is more important than ever. Recognizing the extensive advancement and research taking place around the world, the authors have embraced and worked from a larger global perspective. Boving and Kreamer incorporate environmental innovation in studying and treating groundwater/soil contamination and the transport of those contaminants while building on Fetter's original foundational work. <P><P>Thoroughly updated, expanded, and reorganized, the new edition presents a wealth of new material, including new discussions of emerging and potential contaminant sources and their characteristics like deep well injection, fracking fluids, and in situ leach mining. New sections cover BET and Polanyi adsorption potential theory, vapor transport theory, the introduction of the Capillary and Bond Numbers, the partitioning interwell tracer testing technique for investigating NAPL sites, aerial photographic interpretation, geophysics, immunological surveys, high resolution vertical sampling, flexible liner systems, groundwater tracers, and much more.
Contaminant Hydrology: Cold Regions Modeling
by Ian MuehlenhausEnvironmental contamination in cold regions poses unique problems. It affects traditionally pristine areas and presents substantial operational difficulties. The extreme temperature range, soils and geology, the unique biological diversity, the freezing and thawing of pollutants, and the impact of human activities make environmental site assessment
Contaminants in Agriculture: Sources, Impacts and Management
by M. Naeem Abid Ali Ansari Sarvajeet Singh GillThis comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals, excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants, among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various scientific approaches, including using biotechnology, nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source of information on scientific and engineered approaches and challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students, teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves as an excellent reference on the current research and future directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research to field application.
Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources: Challenges and Reigning Technologies (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Manish Kumar Daniel D. Snow Ryo Honda Santanu MukherjeeThis volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to study and evaluate the global human vulnerability to the exposure of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural environment. It provides a comprehensive resource on structurally diverse groups of chemical compounds that have adverse effects on the aquatic environment. It explores the global strength, environmental status, chemical risk assessment and management strategies of CECs with relevant modern techniques. The principle focus is on concurrent emerging water quality issues. It defines the impacts of the environmental exposure of trace concentrations of CECs and/or their metabolites and discusses possible technological advances to combat the emerging pollutants. It will be useful to researchers, multi-stakeholder expert groups, policymakers, and graduate students.
Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies (Sustainable Water Developments - Resources, Management, Treatment, Efficiency and Reuse #8)
by Manish KumarWith an increased demand for wastewater reuse, groundwater recharge with treated wastewater has been practiced across the globe. As a result, groundwater quality deteriorates by emerging micropollutants from various anthropogenic origins, including untreated wastewater, seepage of landfill leachate, and runoff from agricultural lands. The fate of such emerging and geogenic contaminants in subsurface systems, especially in the groundwater, depends on several factors. Physicochemical properties of contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient, dissociation constant, water solubility, susceptibility to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions, and environmental persistence under diverse geological and pH conditions play a critical role during subsurface mass flow. Thus, advanced wastewater treatment techniques, followed by implementing stricter guidelines, are some of the measures that can safeguard water resources. This book, in general, gives an understanding of the fate and mitigation strategies for emerging and geogenic contaminants in the groundwater. The first and second sections provide a detailed insight into various removal techniques and mitigation approaches. Possible treatment strategies, including bioremediation and natural attenuation, are also covered in those sections. Environmental assessment, groundwater vulnerability, health effects, and regulations pertaining to various contaminants are systematically presented in the third section.
Contaminants of the Great Lakes (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #101)
by Jill Crossman Chris WeisenerThis book reviews the globally important freshwater resource of the Great Lakes, which is currently threatened by contaminants that compromise water quality and impact its ecological and economic health. Divided into four parts, this volume covers historic, current and emerging sources of contamination from heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants to microplastics; and identifies their ecological impacts. Due to factors ranging from rapidly changing land use practices, climate change and our emerging understanding of their impact on biological, chemical and physical interactions, the effectiveness of management strategies has proven highly variable. Continued enhancements in the rate of lake recovery are required to sustain the health of the Great Lakes. Accordingly, the book also explores recent advances in contaminant detection, along with future steps forward in lake management approaches. Revealing our current knowledge gaps and providing a roadmap towards sustainable solutions, the book offers a valuable asset for scientists, managers and the public alike.
The Contaminated Case of Cooking Contest
by Peter WongWith time travel and mysteries that need solving, the Galactic Academy of Science (G.A.S.) series instructs readers on how to think like scientists. Under the guidance of a Dude or Dudette from the future, the middle school characters are faced with treacherous, present-day crimes that require a historical knowledge of science in order to be solved. From investigating problems to analyzing data and constructing explanations and solutions, this series blends elements of sci-fi with educational methods that distill the key thinking habits of scientists and engineers. The science of food safety combines with mystery in this G.A.S. adventure about an outbreak of foodborne illness When a cruise featuring a cooking contest turns into a disaster of vomiting passengers, seventh-grade G.A.S. trainees Mae and Clinton have a mystery to solve. With help from Selectra Volt, Dudette from the future, the two kids travel through time to learn about the science of food safety. Between journeys to the past, they investigate clues aboard ship. But when a storm comes, and conditions aboard the disabled ship become desperate, can Mae and Clinton discover the cause of the outbreak in time?
Contaminated Ground Water and Sediment: Modeling for Management and Remediation
by Calvin C. Chien Miguel A. Medina George F. Pinder Danny D. Reible Brent E. Sleep Chunmiao ZhengThis book is the documented result of an expert workshop, Modeling and Management of Emerging Environmental Issues, held at Penn State University. This event assembled four panels of modeling experts from the U.S. and Canada to discuss modeling technology development and application in order to promote sound and cost-effective environmental decision-making. This thorough analysis provides an overview on the state-of-the-art in current practice and identifies emerging research and development trends within modeling technology. Each of the discussions considers not only technical issues, but regulatory and cost factors as well.
Contaminated Land: Problems and Solutions, Second Edition
by Griselda PollockContaminated land is a problem both in the short and long term as it cannot be used without remediation. The investigation and analysis of the problem, along with the legal responsibilities surrounding the issues, continue to present difficulties to those wishing to use or develop a contaminated site. Since publication of the 1st edition, the area
Contaminated Land and Water: Remediation and Management (Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies)
by Hassan Alshemmari Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Yasar N. Kavil Wang Shu-HongThis edited volumes contains overviews and case studies of land and water contamination and remediation from international scholars, most from developing countries. Contaminated land contains substances that are actually or potentially hazardous to health or the environment. Areas with a long history of industrial production are known as brownfield land. Land contamination can result from a variety of intended, accidental, or naturally occurring activities and events such as manufacturing, mineral extraction, abandonment of mines, national defense activities, waste disposal, accidental spills, illegal dumping, leaking underground storage tanks, hurricanes, floods, pesticide use, and fertilizer application. Chemical contamination of land has degraded this important ecosystem quality. This book provides our current understanding of land pollution and water pollution in areas such as estuaries. Topics presented include major types of pollutants in contaminated land ecosystem; factors affecting the fate of pollutants in contaminated land; biomonitoring approaches to assess the contaminated land health, and chemicals impact on human health, land microbial diversity and climate change. The book further explores persistent organic pollutants, arsenic and heavy metals pollution of contaminated land and their impact on rice quality. The last chapters focus on the sustainable management and treatment of contaminated land and water.
Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Systems
by Frank R. SpellmanAssessment of freshwater sediments can determine whether chemical concentrations are sufficient to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms or organisms higher in the food chain, including humans. This book presents methods for assessing sediments and includes an integration of physical, chemical, and biological information. It examines the elements of quality assurance and control programs, considerations for the conduct of field surveys, screening-level analyses, chemical analyses, toxicity tests for assessing biological impacts, assessments of benthic invertebrate community structure, surveys of fish tumors and abnormalities, and data presentation and interpretation techniques.
Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products
by null Robert P. DonovanRecognizing the need for improved control measures in the manufacturing process of highly sensitized semiconductor technology, this practical reference provides in-depth and advanced treatment on the origins, procedures, and disposal of a variety of contaminants. It uses contemporary examples based on the latest hardware and processing apparatus to illustrate previously unavailable results and insights along with experimental and theoretical developments.Ensures the proper methods necessary to meet the standards established in the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS)!Summarizing up-to-date control practices in the industry, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products:Details the physics and chemistry behind the mechanisms leading to contamination-induced failures Considers particles and molecular contaminants, including the entire spectrum of mass-based contaminants Outlines primary contamination problems and target control levels Reveals and offers solutions to inadequate areas of measurement capability and control technology Clarifies significant problems and decisions facing the industry by analyzing NTRS standards and contamination mechanismsContaining over 700 literature references, drawings, photographs, equations, and tables, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products is an essential reference for electrical and electronics, instrumentation, process, manufacturing, development, contamination control and quality engineers; physicists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Contamination Mitigating Polymeric Coatings for Extreme Environments (Advances in Polymer Science #284)
by Christopher J. Wohl Douglas H. BerryThis volume provides perspectives on the approaches, mechanisms, test methods, durability considerations, and environmental concerns for contamination mitigating coatings and polymers with emphasis on their use in more extreme aerospace and marine terrestrial environments. Parts of the Volume are devoted to application of biomimetics to contamination mitigation polymeric coatings, low ice adhesion surfaces, insect residue adhesion resistance coatings, and marine biofouling mitigation materials. By juxtaposing ice insect, and marine mitigation approaches, researchers and users may more easily identify threads of similarity that will assist in future developments and potential applications in these areas. The volume is of interest to chemists and material scientists in providing awareness of both the need for efficacy in mitigating contamination and for appropriate coating durability; to physicists in providing better understanding of the interaction between the contaminant, the coated surface, and the surrounding environment; and to engineers in describing the need for better scale-up tests between laboratory and field environments.
Contamination of Electronic Assemblies
by Elissa M. Bumiller David A. Douthit Joan PechtContamination problems have become a major factor in determining the manufacturability, quality, and reliability of electronic assemblies. Understanding the mechanics and chemistry of contamination has become necessary for improving quality and reliability and reducing costs of electronic assemblies. Designed as a practical guide, Contamination of
Contamination of Groundwaters
by Domy C. AdrianoInternational experts have contributed key chapters to this major work on groundwater contamination. Section 1: Methodology and Modeling deals with both organic and inorganic contaminants, including those from agricultural operations. Section 2: Case Studies presents contamination scenarios with both inorganic and organic chemicals including agriculturally-related constituents, such as the nitrates.This important new publication is a welcome addition to the literature and will enhance recent information on methodology, modeling and real-world situations. It is of interest to scientists and planners in local and national government; environmental chemists, geochemists, geologists, and health and safety officers; river authorities; hydrologists; and the mining and land reclamation industries.
Contemporary Approaches and Methods in Fundamental Mathematics and Mechanics (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Victor A. Sadovnichiy Michael Z. ZgurovskyThis book focuses on the latest approaches and methods in fundamental mathematics and mechanics, and discusses the practical application of abstract mathematical approaches, such as differential geometry, and differential and difference equations in solid mechanics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, optimization, decision-making theory and control theory. Featuring selected contributions to the open seminar series of Lomonosov Moscow State University and Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute by mathematicians from China, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Ukraine and the USA, the book will appeal to mathematicians and engineers working at the interface of these fields