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Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 2
by K. L. MittalThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion held in Newark, NJ, June 21-23, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1992, there had been tremendous research activity on many ramifications of wettability phenomena.This volume contains a total of 33 papers, which were all pro
Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 3
by K. L. MittalThis volume chronicles the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion held in Providence, Rhode Island, May 20a 23, 2002. This symposium was held to provide a forum to update and consolidate the research activity on this topic. The world of wettability is very wide as it plays an extremely important
Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 6
by K. L. MittalThe topic of wettability (measured in terms of contact angle) is of tremendous interest from both fundamental and applied points of view, Wettability plays an essential role in many industrial processes, so an understanding of factors dictating wettability and how to modulate it is of paramount importance. In the last years there has been an explos
Contact in Structural Mechanics: A Weighted Residual Approach
by Anh Le vanContact in Structural Mechanics treats the problem of contact in the context of large deformations and the Coulomb friction law. The proposed formulation is based on a weak form that generalizes the classical principle of virtual powers in the sense that the weak form also encompasses all the contact laws. This formulation is thus a weighted residue method and has the advantage of being amenable to a standard finite element discretization. This book provides the reader with a detailed description of contact kinematics and the variation calculus of kinematic quantities, two essential subjects for any contact study. The numerical resolution is carried out in statics and dynamics. In both cases, the derivation of the contact tangent matrix – an essential ingredient for iterative calculation – is explained in detail. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Contact Lenses: Chemicals, Methods, and Applications
by Johannes Karl FinkCONTACT LENSES The book focuses on the chemistry and properties of contact lenses and their fabrication methods. With research & development continuing in the field, this comprehensive book takes a look at the last 10 years in terms of new materials, chemistry methods, applications, and fabrication techniques. New applications include drug delivery, lenses for augmented reality, electronic contact lenses, and wearable smart contact lenses. In addition, the book discusses simulation methods for contact lenses, such as ocular topography parameters, gas permeable lenses, and computerized videokeratography. On the fabrication front, several common fabrication methods for contact lenses are detailed, including the computer-aided contact lens design, methods for the fabrication of colored contact lenses, and the fabrication of decentered contact lenses. Special processes are reviewed, including, mold processes, reactive ion etching, electrospinning, and others. Also discussed are the properties of contact lenses and methods for the measurement. Many of the standard methods are discussed, but other issues are taken up too including a discussion on the assessment of cytotoxic effects, the Schirmer tear test, and others. The book concludes with a chapter detailing the possible medical problems related to contact lenses and how to avoid them. These include eye diseases, allergic and toxic reactions, as well as methods for medical treatment such as disinfection agents. Audience The book will be used by chemists, polymer scientists, ophthalmologists, engineers in the contact lens industry as well as polymer industries.
Contact Mechanics
by J. R. BarberThis book describes the solution of contact problems with an emphasis on idealized (mainly linear) elastic problems that can be treated with elementary analytical methods. General physical and mathematical features of these solutions are highlighted. Topics covered include the contact of rough surfaces and problems involving adhesive (e.g. van der Waals) forces. The author is a well-known researcher in the subject with hands-on experience of the topics covered and a reputation for lucid explanations. The target readership for the book includes researchers who encounter contact problems but whose primary focus is not contact mechanics. Coverage is also suitable for a graduate course in contact mechanics and end-of-chapter problems are included.
Contact Modeling for Solids and Particles (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #585)
by Peter Wriggers Alexander PoppThe book conveys modern techniques and the latest state-of-the-art with regard to the most fundamental aspects of computational contact mechanics. However, since contact can readily be interpreted as a special type of interface problem, it seems advisable not to isolate contact mechanics, but rather to address it in the context of a broader class of problems denoted as computational interface mechanics. The book gives a clear understanding of the underlying physics of interfaces, and a comprehensive insight into the current state-of-the-art and selected cutting-edge research directions in the computational treatment of interface effects. It focuses on the modeling of friction, wear, lubrication, cohesive interfaces, grain boundaries, phase boundaries, fracture, thermo-mechanics and particulate contact (e.g. granular media). Also the most important computational aspects are addressed, including discretization techniques for finite deformations, solution algorithms for single- and multi-processor computing environments, multi-scale approaches, discrete element models and multi-physics problems including contact and interface constraints. Among the computational techniques covered in this book are finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) methods, atomistic models, molecular dynamics (MD), discrete element methods (DEM), coupling approaches for multi-scale simulations, and tools for an efficient automated FEM code generation.
Contact Problems for Soft, Biological and Bioinspired Materials (Biologically-Inspired Systems #15)
by Feodor M. Borodich Xiaoqing JinThis book contains contributions from leading researchers in biomechanics, nanomechanics, tribology, contact mechanics, materials science and applications on various experimental techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM) for studying soft, biomimetic and biological materials and objects. Biologists, physicists, researchers applying methods of contact mechanics and researchers testing materials using indentation techniques along with many other applied scientists will find this book a useful addition to their libraries. Moreover, several reviews in this book are written as introductions to several important and rather sophisticated research areas such as depth-sensing indentation, studying of biological cells by AFM probes, mechanics of adhesive contact and contact between viscoelastic (hereditary elastic) solids. The book containing new theoretical models, results of experimental studies and numerical simulations, along with reviews of above mentioned areas of contact mechanics in application to biological systems, would be beneficial for researchers in many areas of biology, medicine, engineering, mechanics and biomimetics.
Contactless 3D Fingerprint Identification (Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)
by Ajay KumarThis important text/reference presents the first dedicated review of techniques for contactless 3D fingerprint identification, including novel and previously unpublished research. The text provides a systematic introduction to 3D fingerprint identification, covering the latest advancements in contactless 2D and 3D sensing technologies, and detailed discussions on each key aspect in the development of an effective 3D fingerprint identification system.Topics and features: introduces the key concepts and trends in the acquisition and identification of fingerprint images, and a range of 3D fingerprint imaging techniques; proposes a low-cost method for online 3D fingerprint image acquisition, and an efficient 3D fingerprint imaging approach using coloured photometric stereo; describes pre-processing operations on point cloud 3D fingerprint data, and explains the specialized operations for reconstructing 3D fingerprints from live finger scans; examines the representation of minutiae in 3D space, providing details on recovering these features from point cloud data, and on matching such 3D minutiae templates; reviews various 3D fingerprint matching methods, including binary surface code-based approaches and a tetrahedron-based matching approach; discusses the uniqueness of 3D fingerprints, evaluating the benefits of employing 3D fingerprint identification over conventional 2D fingerprint techniques.This unique work is a must-read for all researchers seeking to make further advances in this area, towards the exciting opportunities afforded by contactless 3D fingerprint identification for improving the hygiene, user convenience, and matching accuracy of fingerprint biometric technologies.
Contactless Healthcare Facilitation and Commodity Delivery Management During COVID 19 Pandemic (Advanced Technologies and Societal Change)
by Mousmi Ajay Chaurasia Stefan MozarThis book offers concepts related to communication engineering principles to fight the current Covid situation, by developing contactless need-based solutions. COVID-19, a global pandemic makes us rethink how governments, organizations, and societies around the world can work with minimum or without physical contact. Technologies like artificial intelligence and big data are playing an essential role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is a combination of chapters related to imaging and detective technologies used by the experts to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and a combination of interesting content covering the need of hour solutions generated through cutting edge technologies. In the absence of a proper medicine or vaccine, it is quite evident that nutrition plays an important role in the quick recovery of covid patients which must be very carefully planned with proper diagnostics. Data analysis and X-Ray/CT Image analysis by next-generation techniques like deep sensing, machine learning is interesting and useful for research and applied healthcare professionals. Research findings with a focus on diagnostics and reports generated through important data analysis in the book are quite useful and can be referred to by researchers and professionals working in the area of cutting-edge technologies against COVID 19.
Contactless Human Activity Analysis (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #200)
by Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad Upal Mahbub Tauhidur RahmanThis book is a truly comprehensive, timely, and very much needed treatise on the conceptualization of analysis, and design of contactless & multimodal sensor-based human activities, behavior understanding & intervention. From an interaction design perspective, the book provides views and methods that allow for more safe, trustworthy, efficient, and more natural interaction with technology that will be embedded in our daily living environments. The chapters in this book cover sufficient grounds and depth in related challenges and advances in sensing, signal processing, computer vision, and mathematical modeling. It covers multi-domain applications, including surveillance and elderly care that will be an asset to entry-level and practicing engineers and scientists.(See inside for the reviews from top experts)
Contactless System for Measurement and Evaluation of Machined Surfaces (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Juraj RužbarskýThis book presents a contactless system for the measurement and evaluation of selected characteristics of machined surfaces. It describes the design and construction of new equipment designed for contactless characterization of surface geometry working based on laser profilometry by triangulation principle. The book focuses on the quality assessment of surfaces produced by the technology of abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJ) and by laser. The author analyses the performed experiment of measurement of machined surfaces of samples of aluminum, stainless steel, and constructional steel using the contactless method with the LPM system and contact method using Mitutoyo SJ 400 surface roughness tester.
Contactless VLSI Measurement and Testing Techniques
by Selahattin SayilThis book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in optical contactless probing approaches, in order to fill a gap in the literature on VLSI Testing. The author highlights the inherent difficulties encountered with the mechanical probe and testability design approaches for functional and internal fault testing and shows how contactless testing might resolve many of the challenges associated with conventional mechanical wafer testing. The techniques described in this book address the increasing demands for internal access of the logic state of a node within a chip under test.
Container Handling in Automated Yard Blocks: An Integrative Approach Based on Time Information (Contributions to Management Science)
by Filip CovicThe yard block of a container terminal is the central point of synchronisation for asynchronous container flows between deep-sea vessels and transport to the hinterland. The structure of the block stipulates that containers are stacked on top of each other with only the topmost container directly accessible by a yard crane. This book describes a holistic and integrative approach to container handling in yard blocks to optimise productivity by minimising re-handling operations. The results provide insights for academic scholars as well as for experts from practical terminal planning and operations. The approach presented is two-fold: first, a theoretical foundation of the interdependencies in decision-making is established using mathematical programming. Secondly, operations involving uncertain container arrival information are examined on the basis of a simulation with a rigorous experimental design and statistical evaluation. In this context, the book develops container-handling strategies and analyses the impact of a system for vehicle arrival management – the "Terminal Appointment System". The findings presented in this book are the result of a close cooperation with experts at the port of Hamburg and build on previous research.
Containerization in Maritime Transport: Contemporary Trends and Challenges
by Ryszard K. Miler Eugeniusz Gostomski Tomasz NowosielskiContainerization provides optimization of handling processes in terms of intermodality and efficient cargo handling, and maritime transport, in particular, it provides further optimization of shipping processes in terms of volume and distance. Containerization has become the most significant factor stimulating the development of modern global trade. With the progress of globalization taken into account (longer distances and increasing cargo volumes), it can be seen that cargo becomes predestined to be transported by sea, which encourages ship owners to enlarge their fleets of container ships. Containerization in Maritime Transport: Contemporary Trends and Challenges addresses the key challenges to maritime transport and containerization, beginning with economic and managerial factors, through organizational, technical, operational, information and IT challenges, and ending with ecological challenges—ideally to lessen the environmental impacts of maritime transport. Features: Discusses the latest technological advances in shipping, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), 5G networks, smart camera and computer vision systems, and digital twin technology. Presents ecological considerations and solutions that are indispensable to develop efficient and safe green supply chains. Examines the economic aspects of shipping with regard to transport and container handling costs in international trade.
Containerized Cargo Handling and Stowage: Principles and Procedures (Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping #22)
by Alexander Arnfinn Olsen Fidaa KarkoriContainer industry is gathering pace as vessels are becoming increasingly larger, with the volume of containers carried regularly exceeding 23,000 per vessel. This means the scope for accidents and incidents is also increasing exponentially. This title aims to provide those professionals involved in the packing and handling of cargoes inside containers with the necessary knowledge to do so safely. This will help ensure container collapses are avoided due to inertial forces both at sea and during land transportation.
Containment: A Thriller
by Hank ParkerFrom a former US government advisor on agroterrorism comes a ripped-from-the-headlines debut thriller about a global plot to release a deadly virus and the elite response team who must try to stop it.When a gruesome new tick-borne virus breaks out near a major US city and the outbreak is traced to an extremist group in Southeast Asia, the race to stop a global bioterrorism conspiracy is on. Government epidemiologist Mariah Rossi must leave the safety of her lab to help fellow scientist and covert CIA agent Curt Kennedy track the disease back to its source. Their worldwide net leads them to an underground lab in the jungles of the Philippines, then to a deadly and climactic battle in coral reefs near Malaysian Borneo, and finally to London and back to America, where the virus must be contained. For fans of Michael Crichton and Richard Preston, this chilling, realistic thriller is a terrifying reminder of how vulnerable humans are to biological threats—and in this instance, just one tick bite away from catastrophe.
Containment in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Drugs And The Pharmaceutical Sciences Ser. #108)
by James P. WoodDelivering an encompassing overview of the factors, varieties, and applications determining product containment, this concise reference provides authoritative information on containment processes. It reviews the historical context, definition, evolution, and application of containment technology, analyzes a variety of containment techniques in new
Containment of High-Level Radioactive and Hazardous Solid Wastes with Clay Barriers (Spon Research)
by Raymond N. Yong Roland Pusch Masashi NakanoOne of the principal objections to or problems with the use of nuclear fuel is that a proven method for safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel has yet to be established. The central focus of most schemes underway to dispose of these high-level radioactive wastes relies on clay-based buffers and barriers to isolate spent fuel canisters in borehole
Containment Structures: Proceedings of the IABSE Henderson Colloquium
by B. SimpsonThis book brings together contributions from some of the leading researchers and practising engineers in the field of silos and containment structures, and is derived from a specially invited colloquium on the subject. As well as case studies, it includes reviews dealing with safety and risk in design and operation of these structures.
Containment Technology: Progress in the Pharmaceutical and Food Processing Industry
by Hans-Jürgen Bässler Frank LehmannThis book covers all aspects of containment technology in depth and the latest developments in this exciting field are introduced. This book is a key publication to planning engineers, production managers and those interested in getting a picture of the different applications of the isolator technology. References on literature, laws, norms and guidelines will support the reader to become acquainted with the containment technology.
Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment
by Brian Berkowitz Bruno Yaron Ishai DrorIn this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of "emerging contaminants" that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a "human lifetime scale".
Contaminant Hydrogeology
by C. W. Fetter Thomas Boving David KreamerTremendous progress has been made in the field of remediation technologies since the second edition of Contaminant Hydrogeology was published two decades ago, and its content is more important than ever. Recognizing the extensive advancement and research taking place around the world, the authors have embraced and worked from a larger global perspective. Boving and Kreamer incorporate environmental innovation in studying and treating groundwater/soil contamination and the transport of those contaminants while building on Fetter's original foundational work. <P><P>Thoroughly updated, expanded, and reorganized, the new edition presents a wealth of new material, including new discussions of emerging and potential contaminant sources and their characteristics like deep well injection, fracking fluids, and in situ leach mining. New sections cover BET and Polanyi adsorption potential theory, vapor transport theory, the introduction of the Capillary and Bond Numbers, the partitioning interwell tracer testing technique for investigating NAPL sites, aerial photographic interpretation, geophysics, immunological surveys, high resolution vertical sampling, flexible liner systems, groundwater tracers, and much more.
Contaminant Hydrology: Cold Regions Modeling
by Ian MuehlenhausEnvironmental contamination in cold regions poses unique problems. It affects traditionally pristine areas and presents substantial operational difficulties. The extreme temperature range, soils and geology, the unique biological diversity, the freezing and thawing of pollutants, and the impact of human activities make environmental site assessment
Contaminants in Agriculture: Sources, Impacts and Management
by M. Naeem Abid Ali Ansari Sarvajeet Singh GillThis comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals, excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants, among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various scientific approaches, including using biotechnology, nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source of information on scientific and engineered approaches and challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students, teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves as an excellent reference on the current research and future directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research to field application.