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Controlled Polymerization and Polymeric Structures: Flow Microreactor Polymerization, Micelles Kinetics, Polypeptide Ordering, Light Emitting Nanostructures (Advances in Polymer Science #259)
by Akihiro Abe Kwang-Sup Lee L. Leibler Shiro KobayashiAdvances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.
Controlled-Release Delivery Systems for Pesticides
by Herbert B. ScherHighlighting means of reducing toxicity, increasing efficacy, lessening environmental impact, and facilitating product development, this work covers up-to-date advances in pesticide delivery technologies. It evaluates pesticide formulations and their use in mixtures that reduce physical incompatibilities in spray tanks and biological anatagonism in the field.
Controlled Release of Pesticides for Sustainable Agriculture
by Rakhimol K. R. Sabu Thomas Tatiana Volova Jayachandran K.This book presents an introduction to the concept and need of sustainable agriculture, the mechanisms of conventional and controlled release of pesticides, herbicides and plant hormones. It also contains the carriers which supply controlled release including polymers and nanoparticles. A full chapter is devoted to the theory and simulation aspects.
Controlled Release Pesticides Formulations
by Nathan F. CardarelliThe main goal of this book is to present a summary of the state of the art historical background. Conventional chemical pest control methods are mentioned only as a means of comparison to controlled release. Research endeavour with biological weapons, potential usage of such controls, and the few instances of success are likewise brought into focus with the same motive. Formulations and methods or preparing controlled release pesticides are discussed in some detail as concerns the antifouling and molluscicide areas, where the compounding methodology has been well developed. The mathematical basis of controlled release has been developed to an extent and is presented in an abbreviated form.
Controlled Surface Wetting: From Bioinspiration to Applications
by Yongmei ZhengComprehensive resource covering the latest development of surface engineering inspired by nature with a special focus on wetting control Drawing from the natural abilities of plants and animals around the world, Controlled Surface Wetting takes a deep dive into wetting-controlled systems of biological surfaces with information on mechanisms, theory, surface design, fabrication, and effects. This book guides readers to design better engineering surfaces for applications in self-cleaning, water harvesting and repellency, anti-icing, liquid-transport, and beyond. Exploring the latest literature, this book introduces bioinspired techniques and methods to design wetting-controlled surfaces by using organic or inorganic materials, including those with high/low surface energy, regular/irregular, ordered/disordered, or rough/smooth surfaces, or endless arrangements and combinations of micro- and nanostructures of various styles. This book begins by introducing biological surfaces such as plant leaves and duck feathers, butterfly wings, and spider silks, as well as their functions, including superhydrophobic properties, water repellency, and capturing tiny water droplets, respectively, progressing through to more advanced topics such as dually-mobile super-repellency, multi-liquid repellency, and switchable repellency in both air and liquid. Controlled Surface Wetting includes discussion on: Fundamental wetting theories, extension and theoretical models, wetting dynamics and kinetics, physics of wetting, wetting adhesion, and wetting chemistry Static and dynamic gradients, texture gradients such as gradient polymers, wedge- and helical-induced gradients, and synergism of multi-gradients Formation, control, and instability of Rayleigh instability, microfluidics, fluid-coating, electrospinning, fluid diffusion, and laser techniques Coalesced-droplet vertical transport, the hierarchical droplet size-effect, atmospheric water harvesting, and energy harvesting Artificial skins and sensors, including artificial skin vision, and medical applications, including directional-controllable drug delivery Controlled Surface Wetting is an up-to-date and completely comprehensive resource for students and researchers in chemistry, physics, and materials science seeking to learn about the design of smart and advanced materials for engineering applications.
Controlled Synthesis and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Graphene and Graphene-Based Heterostructures (Springer Theses)
by Mengxi LiuThis thesis focuses on the energy band engineering of graphene. It presents pioneering findings on the controlled growth of graphene and graphene-based heterostructures, as well as scanning tunneling microscopy/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS) studies on their electronic structures. The thesis primarily investigates two classes of graphene-based systems: (i) twisted bilayer graphene, which was synthesized on Rh substrates and manifests van Hove singularities near Fermi Level, and (ii) in-plane h-BN-G heterostructures, which were controllably synthesized in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and demonstrate intriguing electronic properties on the interface. In short, the thesis offers revealing insights into the energy band engineering of graphene-based nanomaterials, which will greatly facilitate future graphene applications.
Controller Design for Distributed Parameter Systems (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Kirsten A. MorrisThis book addresses controller and estimator design for systems that vary both spatially and in time: systems like fluid flow, acoustic noise and flexible structures. It includes coverage of the selection and placement of actuators and sensors for such distributed-parameter systems. The models for distributed parameter systems are coupled ordinary/partial differential equations. Approximations to the governing equations, often of very high order, are required and this complicates both controller design and optimization of the hardware locations. Control system and estimator performance depends not only on the controller/estimator design but also on the location of the hardware. In helping the reader choose the best location for actuators and sensors, the analysis provided in this book is crucial because neither intuition nor trial-and-error is foolproof, especially where multiple sensors and actuators are required, and moving hardware can be difficult and costly. The mechatronic approach advocated, in which controller design is integrated with actuator location, can lead to better performance without increased cost. Similarly, better estimation can be obtained with carefully placed sensors. The text shows how proper hardware placement varies depending on whether, disturbances are present, whether the response should be reduced to an initial condition or whether controllability and/or observability have to be optimized. This book is aimed at non-specialists interested in learning controller design for distributed-parameter systems and the material presented has been used for student teaching. The relevant basic systems theory is presented and followed by a description of controller synthesis using lumped approximations. Numerical algorithms useful for efficient implementation in real engineering systems and practical computational challenges are also described and discussed.
Controller Tuning Optimization Methods for Multi-Constraints and Nonlinear Systems: A Metaheuristic Approach (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)
by Maude Josée BlondinThis book covers controller tuning techniques from conventional to new optimization methods for diverse control engineering applications. Classical controller tuning approaches are presented with real-world challenges faced in control engineering. Current developments in applying optimization techniques to controller tuning are explained. Case studies of optimization algorithms applied to controller tuning dealing with nonlinearities and limitations like the inverted pendulum and the automatic voltage regulator are presented with performance comparisons. Students and researchers in engineering and optimization interested in optimization methods for controller tuning will utilize this book to apply optimization algorithms to controller tuning, to choose the most suitable optimization algorithm for a specific application, and to develop new optimization techniques for controller tuning.
Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Nirajan DhakalSeawater desalination is a rapidly growing coastal industry that is increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Depending on the severity of algal blooms, desalination systems may be forced to shut down because of clogging and/or poor feed water quality. To maintain stable operation and provide good feed water quality to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is proposed.This research focused on assessing the ability of UF and other pre-treatment technologies to reduce biofouling in SWRO systems. An improved method to measure bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) was developed and applied at laboratory, pilot and full scale to assess the ability of conventional UF (150 kDa) and tight UF (10 kDa) alone and in combination with a phosphate adsorbent to reduce regrowth potential and delay the onset of biofouling in SWRO.The improved bacterial regrowth potential method employs a natural consortium of marine bacteria as inoculum and flow cytometry. The limit of detection of the BRP method was lowered to 43,000 ± 12,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to 9.3 ± 2.6 µg-Cglucose/L.The reduction in bacterial regrowth potential after tight UF (10 kDa) was 3 to 4 times higher than with conventional UF (150 kDa). It was further reduced after the application of a phosphate adsorbent, independent of pore size of the UF membrane. Pilot studies demonstrated that the application of tight UF (10 kDa) coupled with a phosphate adsorbent consistently lowered the bacterial regrowth potential and no feed channel pressure drop increase was observed in membrane fouling simulators (MFS) over a period of 21 days. The study also showed that non-backwashable fouling of UF membranes varied strongly with the type of algal species and the algal organic matter (AOM) they release. The presence of polysaccharide (stretching -OH) and sugar ester groups (stretching S=O) was the main cause of non-backwashable fouling.In conclusion, this study showed that an improved BRP method is suitable for the assessment of SWRO pre-treatment systems and it can be a useful tool to develop potential strategies to mitigate biofouling and improve the sustainability of SWRO systems.
Controlling Collective Electronic States in Cuprates and Nickelates: A Resonant X-ray Scattering Study (Springer Theses)
by Martin BluschkeIn this thesis chemical and epitaxial degrees of freedom are used to manipulate charge and spin ordering phenomena in two families of transition metal oxides, while taking advantage of state-of-the-art resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) methods to characterize their microscopic origin in a comprehensive manner. First, the relationship of charge density wave order to both magnetism and the "pseudogap" phenomenon is systematically examined as a function of charge-carrier doping and isovalent chemical substitution in single crystals of a copper oxide high-temperature superconductor. Then, in copper oxide thin films, an unusual three-dimensionally long-range-ordered charge density wave state is discovered, which persists to much higher temperatures than charge-ordered states in other high-temperature superconductors. By combining crystallographic and spectroscopic measurements, the origin of this phenomenon is traced to the epitaxial relationship with the underlying substrate. This discovery opens new perspectives for the investigation of charge order and its influence on the electronic properties of the cuprates. In a separate set of RXS experiments on superlattices with alternating nickel and dysprosium oxides, several temperature- and magnetic-field-induced magnetic phase transitions are discovered. These observations are explained in a model based on transfer of magnetic order and magneto-crystalline anisotropy between the Ni and Dy subsystems, thus establishing a novel model system for the interplay between transition-metal and rare-earth magnetism.
Controlling Differential Settlement of Highway Soft Soil Subgrade: A New Method And Its Engineering Applications (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Yongli Zhao Mengchong Chen Zhijun Wu Hanhua ZhuDrawing on years of practical on-site experience, this book presents a new method for controlling "bridge-head bumping" in soft soil ground. Based on deformation compatibility and control theory of structure, it proposes strategies for improving the design method of soft soil ground and the effective "bridge-head bumping" control method. Soft soil ground is chiefly characterized by a large void ratio, high compressibility, high water content, low impermeability, low strength, strong structure and high sensitivity. As a result, it has pronounced rheological properties, and controlling "bridge-head bumping" in soft soil ground is essential to control the amount of soil rheology-induced unstable successive settlement. The book offers extensive information on this and related topics, making it a valuable guide for engineers in Civil Engineering and Geotechnical Engineering alike.
Controlling Electrohydraulic Systems (Fluid Power And Control Ser. #7)
by Wayne AndersonThis book discusses the pump's role in electrohydraulic systems and its use as a power source to a control loop, and provides a good understanding of the basics, complemented by working knowledge of the "real world." It is intended for engineers and students who have studied feedback control theory.
Controlling Environmental Pollution: Practical Solutions
by Abu Zahrim Yaser Mohd Armi Abu Samah Fazilah Ariffin A. K. HaghiThis book highlights current efforts and research on pollution management and advanced technology for pollution treatment. It presents an overview of various aspects of environmental pollution, including water resources management in minimizing the pollution effect. Recent achievements in air pollution monitoring and control including sustainable urban design are also discussed. Chapters in the book also focus on tackling food waste disposal and advanced techniques on pollution treatment. The book concludes with a discussion of a special case study on Malaysian agricultural industry efforts to tackle pollution.
Controlling für Ingenieure (essentials)
by Ekbert HeringControlling stellt ein ziel-, nutzen- und engpassorientiertes Führungskonzept dar, mit dem Unternehmen kurz-, mittel- und langfristig erfolgreich geführt werden können. Die Ziele werden in Planungen festgehalten, die messbare Soll-Werte enthalten. Werden die tatsächlichen Ist-Werte gemessen, so kann man die Abweichungen von den Planwerten feststellen. Diese Abweichungen lösen eine Steuerung durch Anpassungsmaßnahmen zur Zielerreichung oder Korrektur der Zielgrößen aus. Es wird zwischen strategischem und operativem Controlling unterschieden. Das strategische Controlling dient zur Existenzsicherung, indem es die langfristigen Ziele anhand der Erkenntnisse über zukünftige Marktchancen und -risiken unter Berücksichtigung der eigenen Möglichkeiten und Stärken festlegt. Aufgabe des operativen Controllings ist die Sicherung der Lebensfähigkeit des Unternehmens (Liquidität), einer angemessenen Verzinsung des eingesetzten Kapitals (Rentabilität) sowie ein optimales Kosten- und Leistungsverhältnis (Wirtschaftlichkeit). Strategisches und operatives Controlling werden für alle Funktionen des Unternehmens erläutert.
Controlling in der Luftfahrt: Ausgewählte Instrumente für den Mittelstand (essentials)
by Etienne Dietrich Stefan GeorgLuftfahrtunternehmen befinden sich in einem Markt mit hohen Wachstumsraten, doch immer wieder erschüttern Krisen die Luftfahrt. Doch nicht nur krisenbedingte Nachfrageeinbrüche stellen Luftfahrtunternehmen vor Schwierigkeiten, auch die fortwährende Globalisierung und der zunehmende Marktwettbewerb - vor allem durch Low Cost Airlines - führen selbst in Wachstumszeiten immer wieder zu Insolvenzen von Luftfahrtunternehmen. Letztlich müssen sie im hart umkämpften Markt Strategien finden, um dauerhaft bestehen zu können. Als Lösungsansatz bildet das Controlling gerade auch für mittelständische Luftfahrtunternehmen eine notwendige Methodik, um die Effizienz der Unternehmung zu sichern.Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen typische Controllinginstrumente, die sich gerade für den Mittelstand eignen. Neben der Deckungsbeitragsrechnung sind die Anwendung des Revenue Managements und der Einsatz von Kennzahlen diskutiert.
Controlling In-Plant Airborne Contaminants: Systems Design and Calculations
by John D. ConstanceThis book is a useful reference work for practicing engineers in their evaluation and design of systems for the control of the industrial in-plant environment. It provides design criteria, useful calculations and proven techniques to control the environment in oil refineries and chemical industries.
Controlling Language in Industry: Controlled Languages for Technical Documents
by Stephen CrabbeThis book provides an in-depth study of controlled languages used in technical documents from both a theoretical and practical perspective. It first explores the history of controlled languages employed by the manufacturing industry to shape and constrain the information in technical documents. The author then offers a comparative analysis of existing controlled languages and distills the best-practice features of those language systems. He concludes by offering innovative models that can be used to develop and trial a new controlled language. This book will be of interest to linguists working in technical and professional communication, as well as writers and practitioners involved in the production of technical documents for companies in multiple industries and geographical locations.
Controlling Light in Optically Induced Photonic Lattices (Springer Theses)
by Bernd TerhalleDiscrete periodic structures play an important role in physics, and have opened up an exciting new area of investigation in recent years. Questions relating to the control of light in such structures still represent a major challenge. It is this highly active field that is addressed in the present thesis. Using the model system of a photorefractive nonlinearity that allows one to simultaneously create and control photonic lattices by light, the author obtains a comprehensive picture of the control of nonlinear and quantum optics phenomena in photonic lattices. He describes and demonstrates experimentally for the first time resonant transitions in two-dimensional hexagonal lattices, including Rabi oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling, as well as the direct control and exploitation of these transitions. A particular highlight of this thesis is the study of soliton-cluster switching and control of Zener tunneling.
Controlling Mesoscale Turbulence: The Impact of Translational and Rotational Constraints on Pattern Formation in Microswimmer Suspensions (Springer Theses)
by Henning ReinkenThis thesis combines methods from statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics to advance research on the pattern formation in active fluids in several directions. In particular, it focuses on mesoscale turbulence, a state observed in microswimmer suspensions, which is characterized by the emergence of dynamic vortex patterns. The first major contribution concerns the bottom-up derivation of a frequently used continuum model of mesoscale turbulence from a set of particle-resolved stochastic equations. Utilizing the model, mesoscale turbulence is shown to induce nontrivial transport properties including a regime of optimal diffusion. The thesis then explores possible strategies of control. One of these relies on an external field that leads to stripe-like structures and can even suppress patterns entirely. The other involves geometric confinement realized by strategically placed obstacles that can reorganize the flow into a variety of ordered vortex structures. The turbulence transition inside an obstacle lattice is shown to have an intriguing analogy to an equilibrium transition in the Ising universality class. As a whole, this thesis provides important contributions to the understanding and control of turbulence in active fluids, as well as outlining exciting future directions, including applications. It includes a substantial introduction to the topic, which is suitable for newcomers to the field.
Controlling Radiated Emissions by Design (The\springer International Series In Engineering And Computer Science Ser. #580)
by Michel MardiguianThe 3rd edition of Controlling Radiated Emissions by Design has been updated to reflect the latest changes in the field. New to this edition is material on aspects of technical advance, specifically long term energy efficiency, energy saving, RF pollution control, etc. This book retains the step-by-step approach for incorporating EMC into every new design, from the ground up. It describes the selection of quieter IC technologies, their implementation into a noise-free printed circuit layout, and the gathering of all these into low radiation packaging, including I/O filtering, connectors and cables considerations. All guidelines are supported by thorough and comprehensive calculated examples. Design engineers, EMC specialists and technicians will benefit from learning about the development of more efficient and economical control of emissions.
Controlling Salmonella in Poultry Production and Processing
by Ph.D., Scott RussellSalmonella is a major pathogen that can result in deadly foodborne illness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 1.4 million cases of Salmonella poisoning each year in the United States from a variety of causes, with undercooked poultry and eggs being the prime culprits. Therefore, intervention strategies ar
Controlling Synchronization Patterns in Complex Networks (Springer Theses)
by Judith LehnertThis research aims to achieve a fundamental understanding of synchronization and its interplay with the topology of complex networks. Synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in different contexts in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering. Most prominently, synchronization takes place in the brain, where it is associated with several cognitive capacities but is - in abundance - a characteristic of neurological diseases. Besides zero-lag synchrony, group and cluster states are considered, enabling a description and study of complex synchronization patterns within the presented theory. Adaptive control methods are developed, which allow the control of synchronization in scenarios where parameters drift or are unknown. These methods are, therefore, of particular interest for experimental setups or technological applications. The theoretical framework is demonstrated on generic models, coupled chemical oscillators and several detailed examples of neural networks.
Controlling the Morphology of Polymers: Multiple Scales of Structure and Processing
by Geoffrey R. Mitchell Ana TojeiraThis book focuses on controlling morphology of different scales for polymers. The authors explain the need for successful control of morphology to yield target macroscopic physical properties in the application of polymers to diverse areas such as engineering materials, nanodielectrics and photonic crystals. The book combines specialized chapters with an introduction to the morphology of polymers and the range of experimental techniques available to evaluate it.
Controlo 2016: Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #402)
by Paulo Garrido Filomena Soares António Paulo MoreiraThe biennial CONTROLO conferences are the main events promoted by The CONTROLO 2016 12th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, Guimaraes, Portugal, September 14th to 16th, was organized by Algoritmi, School of Engineering, University of Minho, in partnership with INESC TEC, and promoted by the Portuguese Association for Automatic Control APCA, national member organization of the International Federation of Automatic Control IFAC. The seventy-five papers published in this volume cover a wide range of topics. Thirty-one of them, of a more theoretical nature, are distributed among the first five parts: Control Theory; Optimal and Predictive Control; Fuzzy, Neural and Genetic Control; Modeling and Identification; Sensing and Estimation. The papers go from cutting-edge theoretical research to innovative control applications and show expressively how Automatic Control can be used to increase the well being of people. "
CONTROLO 2020: Proceedings of the 14th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, July 1-3, 2020, Bragança, Portugal (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #695)
by João Paulo Coelho José Alexandre Gonçalves Manuel Braz-CésarThis book offers a timely and comprehensive snapshot of research and developments in the field of control engineering. Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, the contributions describes a number of different control approaches, such adaptive control, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy control, remote and robust control systems, real time an fault tolerant control, among others. Sensors and actuators, measurement systems, renewable energy systems, aerospace systems as well as industrial control and automation, are also comprehensively covered. Based on the proceedings of the 14th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, held on July 1-3, 2020, in Bragança, Portugal, the book offers a timely and thoroughly survey of the latest research in the field of control, and a source of inspiration for researchers and professionals worldwide.