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Density Evolution Under Delayed Dynamics: An Open Problem (Fields Institute Monographs #38)
by Jérôme Losson Michael C. Mackey Richard Taylor Marta Tyran-KamińskaThis monograph has arisen out of a number of attempts spanning almost five decades to understand how one might examine the evolution of densities in systems whose dynamics are described by differential delay equations. Though the authors have no definitive solution to the problem, they offer this contribution in an attempt to define the problem as they see it, and to sketch out several obvious attempts that have been suggested to solve the problem and which seem to have failed. They hope that by being available to the general mathematical community, they will inspire others to consider–and hopefully solve–the problem. Serious attempts have been made by all of the authors over the years and they have made reference to these where appropriate.
Dental Applications of Nanotechnology
by Ramesh S. ChaughuleThis book discusses current trends and potential areas of nanotechnology applications in dental materials. Dentistry is undergoing yet another change to benefit mankind via the discipline of nanodentistry. A variety of nanostructures such as nanorobots, nanospheres, nanofibers, nanorods, etc., have been studied for various applications in dentistry and medicine. Preventive dentistry has also utilized nanodentistry to develop the nanomaterials for inclusion in a variety of oral health-care products. Methods to prevent and combat dental problems have been devised, discussed, and implemented since ancient times; however, there is a constant need for improved tools and techniques. This book is relevant academically for undergraduate and post-graduate dental students, dental practitioners, researchers, and faculties of dental universities, as this book explores the application of various nanobiomaterials in dentistry, discusses current research in dental nanomaterials and potential future areas of interest, and examines the use of nanotechnology in various fields of dentistry.
Dental Biomechanics
by Arturo N NataliDental Biomechanics provides a comprehensive, timely, and wide-reaching survey of the relevant aspects of biomechanical investigation within the dental field. Leading the reader through the mechanical analysis of dental problems in dental implants, orthodontics, and natural tooth mechanics, this book covers an increasingly important and popular sub
Dental Biotribology
by Jing Zheng Hai-Yang Yu Lin-Mao Qian Yu Yan Zhong-Rong ZhouDental Biotribology summarizes the latest achievements in dental wear and is designed to help the reader better understand the relationship between structures and tribological properties of human teeth. This book provides guidance on the biomimic design of anti-wear engineering systems based on human teeth and also explains mechanisms of occlusal wear and erosion as well as fretting wear related to dental implants and orthodontics. Additionally, this book provides valuable insights into the development of improved dental materials and oral treatments.
Dental Ceramics: Fracture Mechanics and Engineering Design
by Ulrich Lohbauer Renan BelliThis book is an evidence-based update on recent most significant advances in dental ceramics, specifically related to the relationships between composition, microstructure and mechanical behavior. Readers will find an introduction to the chemistry of dental ceramics as well as information about the technological progress and practical requirements restorative materials need to satisfy for long-lasting structural integrity. The book uses mechanistic approaches to address failure mechanisms from controlled experiments thus providing the tools for the application of sound research methodologies in the field. It is targeted for researcher and dentists interested in the field of dental ceramic materials and fracture mechanics.
Dental Ceramics: Microstructure, Properties and Degradation
by Aisha Stumpf Carlos BergmannThis book gives an introduction to the mechanical behavior and degradation of dental ceramics and guides the reader through their performance under effect of oral environments. It addresses the different kinds of dental ceramics, their properties, degradation and mechanical aspects with less emphasys on the physics and chemistry involved, which makes the reading interesting for beginners in the field. In each chapter, the reader will learn about the mechanical behavior of dental ceramics and each phenomenon involved in their application, besides finding some practical examples of their use in dental clinics, their manufacturing procedures and types of degradation. The clear language and the application-oriented perspective of the book makes it suitable for both professionals and students who want to learn about dental ceramics.
Dental Gold Alloys and Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Rebeka Rudolf Vojkan Lazić Peter Majerič Andrej Ivanič Gregor Kravanja Karlo T. RaićThis book focuses on recent advances in dental gold alloys and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for biomedical applications. Dental gold alloys combine several highly desirable mechanical properties, such as high strength, ductility, and elasticity, with an extremely robust chemical stability in the mouth. Moreover, astonishing progress has been made in the use of GNPs as novel gold biomaterials that provide a multifunctional platform for cellular imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery in tumour immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. Beginning with a comprehensive overview of the development and use of dental gold alloys, the book addresses the materials properties that are crucial for dental applications, focusing on aspects such as microstructure, chemical and mechanical stability, ageing, biocompatibility, and colour retention. The book then shifts focus to the use of GNPs in dental applications, delving into different techniques of GNP synthesis for specifically tailoring the size, shape, and stability of GNPs in biological media. In addition to these factors, it addresses how their exposure route, surface chemistry, as well as how the steric effects of their coating impact biodistribution and determine the level of GNP toxicity in the human body. Featuring topical literature reviews alongside up-to-date published experimental results, this book offers an attractive resource for practicing scientists and engineers working in the field of gold-based biomaterials.
Dental Image Analysis for Disease Diagnosis
by Kavindra R. Jain N. C. ChauhanThis book provides an overview of computational approaches to medical image examination and analysis in oral radiology, utilizing dental radiograph to detect and diagnose dental caries in cases of decayed teeth. Coverage includes basic image processing techniques; approaches for Region of Interest extraction and analysis; and the role of computational clustering techniques for segmentation of teeth and dental caries. The book also presents a novel multiphase level set method for automatic segmentation of dental radiographs.
Dental Image Processing for Human Identification
by Deven N. Trivedi Nimit D. Shah Ashish M. Kothari Rohit M. ThankiThis book presents an approach to postmortem human identification using dental image processing based on dental features and characteristics, and provides information on various identification systems based on dental features using image processing operations. The book also provides information on a novel human identification approach that uses Infinite Symmetric Exponential Filter (ISEF) based edge detection and contouring algorithms.
Dental Implants and Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
by Prasanna Neelakantan Adline Princy SolomonThis book will serve as a one-stop, reference manual to understand the basic concepts of dental implant design, the related microbiome, research models and current concepts as well as futuristic perspectives in implant surface modification. The manual-like design including colorful illustrations and important critical questions will help researchers and advanced students in understanding the contemporary status and in designing studies for innovative treatments of dental implant infections. Considering the microbiome of dental implant related environment in health and disease is imperative to design strategies to good practice and prevention of infections around implants. This monograph will serve as a single reference material which links the interdisciplinary aspect of the dental implants covering material sciences, engineering and biological aspects, thus effectively bridging the gap between engineering and oral health sciences.
Dental Pulp Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
by Sibel YildirimThis book presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration. In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition, the author covers mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology, various sources of MSCs, and the therapeutic potential of MSCs. Tooth regeneration, dental pulp-derived MSC, and the therapeutic potential of dental pulp derived stem cells is also covered. This is an essential resource for students, faculty, and researchers in academia and industry working on dental pulp stem cells.
Dental Pulp Stem Cells
by Sibel YildirimStem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question 'What is a Stem Cell' may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.
The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs
by Michael BelfioreThe first-ever inside look at DARPA—the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency—the maverick and controversial group whose futuristic work has had amazing civilian and military applications, from the Internet to GPS to driverless cars America's greatest idea factory isn't Bell Labs, Silicon Valley, or MIT's Media Lab. It's the secretive, Pentagon-led agency known as DARPA. Founded by Eisenhower in response to Sputnik and the Soviet space program, DARPA mixes military officers with sneaker-wearing scientists, seeking paradigm-shifting ideas in varied fields—from energy, robotics, and rockets to peopleless operating rooms, driverless cars, and planes that can fly halfway around the world in just hours. DARPA gave birth to the Internet, GPS, and mind-controlled robotic arms. Its geniuses define future technology for the military and the rest of us.Michael Belfiore was given unprecedented access to write this first-ever popular account of DARPA. Visiting research sites across the country, he watched scientists in action and talked to the creative, fearlessly ambitious visionaries working for and with DARPA. Much of DARPA's work is classified, and this book is full of material that has barely been reported in the general media. In fact, DARPA estimates that only 2 percent of Americans know much of anything about the agency. This fascinating read demonstrates that DARPA isn't so much frightening as it is inspiring—it is our future.
Departure
by A. G. RiddleThe world's past and future rests in the hands of five unwitting strangers in this time-traveling, mind-bending speculative thriller from the author of the bestselling Origin Mystery trilogyEn route to London from New York, Flight 305 suddenly loses power and crash-lands in the English countryside, plunging a group of strangers into a mysterious adventure that will have repercussions for all of humankind.Struggling to stay alive, the survivors soon realize that the world they've crashed in is very different from the one they left. But where are they? Why are they here? And how will they get back home? Five passengers seem to hold clues about what's really going on: writer Harper Lane, venture capitalist Nick Stone, German genetic researcher Sabrina Schröder, computer scientist Yul Tan, and Grayson Shaw, the son of a billionaire philanthropist.As more facts about the crash emerge, it becomes clear that some in this group know more than they're letting on--answers that will lead Harper and Nick to uncover a far-reaching conspiracy involving their own lives. As they begin to piece together the truth, they discover they have the power to change the future and the past--to save our world . . . or end it. A wildly inventive and propulsive adventure full of hairpin twists, Departure is a thrilling tale that weaves together power, ambition, fate, memory, and love, from a bold and visionary talent.
Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems
by Wojciech Zamojski Jacek Mazurkiewicz Jarosław Sugier Tomasz Walkowiak Janusz KacprzykThese proceedings present the results of the Eleventh International Conference on Dependability and Complex Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX which took place in a picturesque Brunów Palace in Poland from 27th June to 1st July, 2016. DepCoS-RELCOMEX is a series of international conferences organized annually by Department of Computer Engineering of WrocÅ,aw University of Science and Technology since 2006. The roots of the series go as far back as to the seventies of the previous century - the first RELCOMEX conference took place in 1977 - and now its main aim is to promote a multi-disciplinary approach to dependability problems in theory and engineering practice of complex systems. Complex systems, nowadays most often computer-based and distributed, are built upon a variety of technical, information, software and human resources. The challenges in their design, analysis and maintenance not only originate from the involved technical and organizational structures but also from the complexity of the information processes that must be efficiently executed in a diverse, often hostile operational environment. Traditional methods of reliability evaluation focused only on technical resources are usually insufficient in this context and more innovative, multidisciplinary methods of dependability analysis must be applied. The diversity of the topics which need to be considered is well illustrated by the selection of the submissions in these proceedings with their subjects ranging from mathematical models and design methodologies through software engineering and data security issues up to practical problems in technical, e. g. transportation, systems.
Dependability in Electronic Systems
by Yutaka Uematsu Nobuyasu Kanekawa Eishi H. Ibe Takashi SugaThis book covers the practical application of dependable electronic systems in real industry, such as space, train control and automotive control systems, and network servers/routers. The impact from intermittent errors caused by environmental radiation (neutrons and alpha particles) and EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) are introduced together with their most advanced countermeasures. Power Integration is included as one of the most important bases of dependability in electronic systems. Fundamental technical background is provided, along with practical design examples. Readers will obtain an overall picture of dependability from failure causes to countermeasures for their relevant systems or products, and therefore, will be able to select the best choice for maximum dependability.
Dependability in Medicine and Neurology
by Nikhil BalakrishnanThis ground-breaking title presents an interdisciplinary introduction to the subject of Dependability and how it applies in medicine generally and in neurology in particular. Dependability is the term applied in engineering and industry to a service that is safe, reliable and trustworthy. Dependable systems use a variety of methods to deliver correct service in the face of uncertainty resulting from misleading, erroneous information, and system faults. Dependable systems result from the application of systematic methods in design, operation, and management to deliver their services. Dependability in Medicine and Neurology presents the philosophy and ideas behind the specific methods of dependability and discusses the principles in the context of medical care and neurologic treatment especially. Patient case vignettes are used widely to illustrate key points. A first-of-its-kind title and based on the author's many years of teaching these principles to medical colleagues throughout the United States, Dependability in Medicine and Neurology will inspire readers to develop applications for their specific areas of clinical practice. Intended for physicians (especially neurologists), medical students, nurses, and health administrators, Dependability in Medicine and Neurology is an indispensable reference and important contribution to the literature.
Dependability of Engineering Systems: A Markov Minimal Cut Approach (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #272)
by Hans-Dieter KochsThis book provides an in-depth understanding of precise and approximate MMC modeling and calculation techniques of engineering systems. The in-depth analysis demonstrates that it is only possible to precisely model and calculate the dependability of systems including s-dependent components with the knowledge of their (total) universe spaces, represented here by Markov spaces. They provide the basis for developing and verifying approximate MMC models. With the mathematical steps described and applied to several examples throughout this text, interested system developers and users can perform dependability analyses themselves. All examples are structured in precisely the same way.
Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems
by Manoj Kumar Srividya Ajit Ajit Kumar VermaThe measurement of dependability attributes on real systems is a very time-consuming and costly affair, making analytical or simulation modeling the only viable solutions. Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems explores reliability, availability and safety modeling of networked computer-based systems used in life-critical applications such as avionics, nuclear power plants, automobiles and chemical process industries. Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems gives an overview of basic dependability modeling concepts and addresses new challenges in dependability modeling of networked computer-based systems, as well as new trends, their capabilities and limitations. It covers a variety of dependability modeling methods: stochastic processes,Markov and semi-Markov models,response-time distribution,stochastic Petri-net-based modeling formalisms, andMonte Carlo simulation models.Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems provides students and researchers with a detailed overview of dependability models and analysis techniques. Practicing engineers will also find this text a useful guide to decision-making based on system dependability at the design, operation and maintenance stages.
Dependable Computer Systems and Networks: Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX, July 3–7, 2023, Brunów, Poland (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #737)
by Wojciech Zamojski Jacek Mazurkiewicz Jarosław Sugier Tomasz Walkowiak Janusz KacprzykThe book includes papers about various problems of dependable operation of computer systems and networks, which were presented during the 18th DepCoS-RELCOMEX conference. Their collection can be an interesting source material for scientists, researchers, practitioners, and students who are dealing with design, analysis, and engineering of computer systems and networks and must ensure their dependable operation. The increasing role of artificial intelligence algorithms and tools in modern information technology and computer engineering, especially rapid expansion of tools based on deep learning methods, calls for extending our view on system dependability. Selection of papers in these proceedings not only illustrates a wide-ranging variety of multidisciplinary topics which should be considered in this context but also proves that virtually all areas of contemporary computer systems and networks must take into account an aspect of dependability.
Dependable Computing - EDCC 2020 Workshops: AI4RAILS, DREAMS, DSOGRI, SERENE 2020, Munich, Germany, September 7, 2020, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1279)
by Simona Bernardi Valeria Vittorini Francesco Flammini Roberto Nardone Stefano Marrone Rasmus Adler Daniel Schneider Philipp Schleiß Nicola Nostro Rasmus Løvenstein Olsen Amleto Di Salle Paolo MasciThis book constitutes refereed proceedings of the Workshops of the 16th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC: Workshop on Articial Intelligence for Railways, AI4RAILS 2020, Worskhop on Dynamic Risk Management for Autonomous Systems, DREAMS 2020, Workshop on Dependable Solutions for Intelligent Electricity Distribution Grids, DSOGRI 2020, Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems, SERENE 2020, held in September 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the workshops were held virtually. The 12 full papers and 4 short papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. The workshop papers complement the main conference topics by addressing dependability or security issues in specic application domains or by focussing in specialized topics, such as system resilience.
Dependable Embedded Systems (Embedded Systems)
by Jörg Henkel Nikil DuttThis Open Access book introduces readers to many new techniques for enhancing and optimizing reliability in embedded systems, which have emerged particularly within the last five years. This book introduces the most prominent reliability concerns from today’s points of view and roughly recapitulates the progress in the community so far. Unlike other books that focus on a single abstraction level such circuit level or system level alone, the focus of this book is to deal with the different reliability challenges across different levels starting from the physical level all the way to the system level (cross-layer approaches). The book aims at demonstrating how new hardware/software co-design solution can be proposed to ef-fectively mitigate reliability degradation such as transistor aging, processor variation, temperature effects, soft errors, etc.Provides readers with latest insights into novel, cross-layer methods and models with respect to dependability of embedded systems;Describes cross-layer approaches that can leverage reliability through techniques that are pro-actively designed with respect to techniques at other layers;Explains run-time adaptation and concepts/means of self-organization, in order to achieve error resiliency in complex, future many core systems.
Dependable IoT for Human and Industry: Modeling, Architecting, Implementation (River Publishers Series In Information Science And Technology Ser.)
by Vyacheslav Kharchenko Ah Lian Kor Andrzej RucinskiThere are numerous publications which introduce and discuss the Internet of Things (IoT). In the midst of these, this work has several unique characteristics which should change the reader’s perspective, and in particular, provide a more profound understanding of the impact of the IoT on society. Dependable IoT for Human and Industry covers the main aspects of Internet of Things and IoT based systems such as global issues of applications, modeling, development and implementation of dependable IoT for different human and industry domains. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Introduction in Internet of vital and trust Things Modelling and assessment techniques for dependable and secure IoT systems Architecting and development of IoT systems Implementation of IoT for smart cities and drone fleets; business and blockchain, transport and industry Training courses and education experience on Internet and Web of ThingThe book contains chapters which have their roots in the International Conference IDAACS 2017, and Workshop on Cyber Physical Systems and IoT Dependability CyberIoT-DESSERT 2017.
Deployable Multimodal Machine Intelligence: Applications in Biomedical Engineering (Lecture Notes in Bioengineering)
by Hongliang RenThis book highlights the principles, design and characterization of mechanically compliant soft and foldable robots. Traditional rigid robots with bulky footprints and complicated components prolong the design iteration and optimization for keyhole and minimally invasive transluminal applications. Therefore, there is an interest in developing soft and foldable robots with remote actuation, multimodal sensing and machine intelligence. This book discusses the use of foldable and cuttable structures to design biomimetic deployable soft robots, that can exhibit a fair number of motions with consistency and repeatability. It presents the overall design principles, methodology, instrumentation, metamorphic sensing, multi-modal perception, and machine intelligence for creating untethered foldable active structures. These robotic structures can generate a variety of motions such as wave induction, compression, inchworm, peristalsis, flipping, tumbling, walking, swimming, flexion/extension etc. Remote actuation can control motions along regular and irregular surfaces from proximal sides. For self-deployable medical robots, motion diversity and shape reconfiguration are crucial factors. Deployable robots, with the use of malleable and resilient smart actuators, hold this crucial advantage over their conventional rigid robot counterparts. Such flexible structures capable of being compressed and expanded with intelligence perceptions hold enormous potential in biomedical applications.
Deploying Foresight for Policy and Strategy Makers
by Leonid Gokhberg Dirk Meissner Alexander SokolovThis book develops foresight techniques to turn future societal challenges into opportunities. The authors present foresight approaches for innovation policy and management. Future developments in fields such as education, energy, new materials, nanotechnologies are highlighted for different countries. Readers will discover tools and instruments to capture the potentials of the grand societal challenges as defined by the United Nations. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and scholars with an interest in foresight methods and gives practical hints for policy makers and managers to take account of the grand opportunities in their business and policy strategies.