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Active System Control: Design of System Resilience
by Brian Kirk Igor SchagaevNow in its second edition, this book introduces an approach to active system control. This approach, when applied through design and development improves our technological systems. It extends concepts of system control using data accumulation, state and structural dependencies. The authors define these properties in terms of reliability, performance and energy-efficiency, and self-adaption. They describe how they bridge the gap between data accumulation and analysis in terms of interpolation with the real physical models when data used for interpretation of the system conditions. The authors introduce a principle of active system control and safety - an approach that explains what a model of a system should have, making computer systems more efficient, a crucial new concern in application domains such as safety critical, embedded and low-power autonomous systems like transport, healthcare, and other dynamic systems with moving substances and elements. On a theoretical level, this book further extends the concept of fault tolerance, introducing a system level of design for improving overall efficiency. On a practical level it illustrates how active system approach might help our systems become self-evolving. This updated new edition of Active System Control contains new chapters on the system software concept and the future of active systems control and a chapter containing case studies of unsolved aviation safety incidents.
Active Vibration & Noise Control: A New Paradigm to Active Control
by Jiqiang WangThe book is motivated by the pivotal issue: what is the performance limit of active control and energy harvesting? It aims to develop systematic design methodologies with a “visualization technique” where the performance limit can be readily determined solely based on visual inspections.Modern technological systems have evolved toward high speed, heavy load, lightweight, flexible operation and extreme conditions, as demonstrated in aerospace, marine, transportation and manufacturing industries. The associated vibration and noise issues have become such problematic that they may significantly confine the performance of the systems, to say the discomfort at least.Through the geometric representation of the performance specifications, fundamental issues such as (1) the existence of feasible controllers; (2) the optimality of controllers; (3) the performance limit of controllers; (4) compromisability among the performance specifications; (5) the synthesis of controllers; and (6) the influence of constraints on optimal solutions can all be resolved within the proposed framework. The state of the art is thus refined with a new approach complementary to those optimization-based routines, where extra effort would have to be exercised to disclose the compromisability of performance specifications.The proposed book will result in a new design methodology—performance limit-oriented active control. It was initiated by the author with the project “Active Control for Performance Limit” (ACPL). A series of fundamental results are obtained and will be disseminated in this book. The results are verified through extensive numerical demonstrations and are expected to provide useful guidance for practical engineering in the vibration and noise industry and research.
Active Vibration Control and Stability Analysis of Flexible Beam Systems
by Wei He Jinkun LiuThis book presents theoretical explorations of several fundamental problems in the dynamics and control of flexible beam systems. By integrating fresh concepts and results to form a systematic approach to control, it establishes a basic theoretical framework. It includes typical control design examples verified using MATLAB simulation, which in turn illustrate the successful practical applications of active vibration control theory for flexible beam systems. The book is primarily intended for researchers and engineers in the control system and mechanical engineering community, offering them a unique resource.
Active and Passive Earth Pressure Tables
by E. AbsiThe problem of earth pressure on retaining structures is one of the oldest in soil mechanics. This volume comprises tables which facilitate calculations in problems of limit equilibrium. These tables provide coefficients which are extreme values in which the soil still is in equilibrium. They are or
Active and Passive Vibration Damping
by Amr M. BazA guide to the application of viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery, and vehicles Active and Passive Vibration Damping is a practical guide to the application of passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles. The author — a noted expert on the topic — presents the basic principles and reviews the potential applications of passive and active vibration damping technologies. The text presents a combination of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and the optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments. The text presents the basics of various damping effective treatments such as constrained layers, shunted piezoelectric treatments, electromagnetic and shape memory fibers. Classical and new models are included as well as aspects of viscoelastic materials models that are analyzed from the experimental characterization of the material coefficients as well as their modeling. The use of smart materials to augment the vibration damping of passive treatments is pursued in depth throughout the book. This vital guide: Contains numerical examples that reinforce the understanding of the theories presented Offers an authoritative text from an internationally recognized authority and pioneer on the subject Presents, in one volume, comprehensive coverage of the topic that is not available elsewhere Presents a mix of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments Written for researchers in vibration damping and research, engineers in structural dynamics and practicing engineers, Active and Passive Vibration Damping offers a hands-on resource for applying passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles.
Active and Programmable Networks for Adaptive Architectures and Services
by Syed Asad HussainMost conventional networks are passive, with only basic traffic monitoring, management, routing, and congestion control. At best, they can be called reactive. Deploying new functions and integrating new standards into these architectures is difficult due to the rigid embedding of software and hardware into the network components. Active and Program
Active and Semi-active Suspension Systems: Modeling, Control, and Fault Diagnosis (Synthesis Lectures on Advances in Automotive Technology)
by Amir Khajepour Yukun Lu Chen SunThis book comprehensively explores fundamental aspects of adaptive vehicle suspension systems, offering numerous examples for suspension modeling, control, estimation, and fault diagnosis and prognosis methodologies. It is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students, vehicle R&D departments, and anyone with an interest in the design and control of adaptive or active suspension systems. In order to simplify the understanding of more difficult concepts, the book uses a step-by-step approach along with pictures, graphs, and practical examples. The book begins with an introduction of vehicle adaptive suspensions, highlighting some common mass-produced products in recent decades. Furthermore, three widely-used mathematical models of adaptive suspension systems are derived. Subsequently, four suspension control algorithms and gain-adaptive approaches are introduced, accompanied by MATLAB/Simulink programming examples for enhanced understanding and practical implementation. Lastly, the fault diagnosis and prognosis of adaptive suspension systems are introduced.
Actively Caring for Safety: The Psychological Science of Injury Prevention
by E. Scott GellerActively Caring for Safety: The Psychological Science of Injury Prevention outlines proactive applications of applied behavioural science and humanism (i.e., humanistic behaviourism) for improving health and safety. This text provides evidence-based principles for customizing effective processes for improving the human dynamics of safety and health in various locations—from home to the workplace, and throughout a community. World-renowned health/safety researcher, teacher, and consultant E. Scott Geller combines theory and principles in practical step-by-step procedures with behavioral science methods capable of enhancing safety awareness, reducing at-risk behavior, and facilitating ongoing participation in safety-related activities. Drawing upon his bestselling works Working Safe and The Psychology of Safety Handbook, this book presents a science-based and practical approach to improving attitudes and behavior for achieving an injury-free work environment. The text has been improved and updated throughout and includes additional material on a rationale for language to replace common safety-related words that stifle human engagement. Plus, critical safety-relevant information is provided on empathy, emotional intelligence, self-motivation, positive psychology, psychological safety, the dramatic benefits of promoting perceptions of personal choice, and critical distinctions between leadership and management for optimizing workplace safety and productivity.Written in an enjoyable, anecdotal, and engaging style, this is an essential read for any student, academic, researcher, or professional of health and safety.
Activist Science and Technology Education (Cultural Studies of Science Education #9)
by Larry Bencze Steve AlsopThis collection examines issues of agency, power, politics and identity as they relate to science and technology and education, within contemporary settings. Social, economic and ecological critique and reform are examined by numerous contributing authors, from a range of international contexts. These chapters examine pressing pedagogical questions within socio-scientific contexts, including petroleum economies, food justice, health, environmentalism, climate change, social media and biotechnologies. Readers will discover far reaching inquiries into activism as an open question for science and technology education, citizenship and democracy. The authors call on the work of prominent scholars throughout the ages, including Bourdieu, Foucault, Giroux, Jasanoff, Kierkegaard, Marx, Nietzsche, Rancière and Žižek. The application of critical theoretical scholarship to mainstream practices in science and technology education distinguishes this book, and this deep, theoretical treatment is complemented by many grounded, more pragmatic exemplars of activist pedagogies. Practical examples are set within the public sphere, within selected new social movements, and also within more formal institutional settings, including elementary and secondary schools, and higher education. These assembled discussions provide a basis for a more radically reflexive reworking of science and technology education. Educational policy makers, science education scholars, and science and technology educators, amongst others, will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.
Activities in Navigation: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
by Adam WeintritThe monograph Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Information, Communication and Environment, is addressed to scientists and professionals in order to share their experience, expert knowledge and research results, concerning all aspects of navigation and sea transportation.The focus of monograph is high-quality, scholarly research that addresses development, application and implications, in the field of maritime education, maritime safety management, maritime policy sciences, maritime industries, marine environment and energy technology. Subjects of papers include electronics, astronomy, mathematics, cartography, command and control, psychology, operational research, risk analysis, theoretical physics, operation in hostile environments, instrumentation, ergonomics, financial planning and law. Also of interest are logistics, transport and mobility. The monograph provides a forum for transportation researchers, engineers, navigators, ergonomists, and policy-makers with an interest in maritime researches.From contemporary issues to the scientific, technological, political, economic, cultural and social aspects of maritime shipping, transportation and navigation, the monograph publishes innovative, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research on marine navigation subjects and is set to become the leading international scholarly journal specialising in debate and discussion on maritime subjects. The monograph is especially concerned to set maritime studies in a broad international and comparative context.
Activity Based Costing for Construction Companies
by Yong-Woo KimActivity Based Cotsting for Construction Companies provides guidelines on how overhead costs can be managed for using Activity Based Costing (ABC), providing gains in contractor competiveness. Illustrated with a range of case studies and examples it also presents a map that shows construction contractors how to implement ABC to calculate overhead costs accurately, identifying non or low-value added operations which can then be improved.
Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions
by Kenneth S. PitzerThis book was first published in 1991. It considers the concepts and theories relating to mostly aqueous systems of activity coefficients.
Activity Learning
by Narayanan C. Krishnan Diane J. CookDefines the notion of an activity model learned from sensor data and presents key algorithms that form the core of the field Activity Learning: Discovering, Recognizing and Predicting Human Behavior from Sensor Data provides an in-depth look at computational approaches to activity learning from sensor data. Each chapter is constructed to provide practical, step-by-step information on how to analyze and process sensor data. The book discusses techniques for activity learning that include the following: Discovering activity patterns that emerge from behavior-based sensor data Recognizing occurrences of predefined or discovered activities in real time Predicting the occurrences of activities The techniques covered can be applied to numerous fields, including security, telecommunications, healthcare, smart grids, and home automation. An online companion site enables readers to experiment with the techniques described in the book, and to adapt or enhance the techniques for their own use.With an emphasis on computational approaches, Activity Learning: Discovering, Recognizing, and Predicting Human Behavior from Sensor Data provides graduate students and researchers with an algorithmic perspective to activity learning.
Activity Recognition and Prediction for Smart IoT Environments (Internet of Things)
by Raffaele Gravina Zhelong Wang Michele Ianni Antonella Guzzo Hassan GhasemzadehThis book provides the latest developments in activity recognition and prediction, with particular focus on the Internet of Things. The book covers advanced research and state of the art of activity prediction and its practical application in different IoT related contexts, ranging from industrial to scientific, from business to daily living, from education to government and so on. New algorithms, architectures, and methodologies are proposed, as well as solutions to existing challenges with a focus on security, privacy, and safety. The book is relevant to researchers, academics, professionals and students.
Activity Systems Analysis Methods: Understanding Complex Learning Environments
by Lisa C. Yamagata-LynchIn the last two decades, there has been growing interest in pursuing theoretical paradigms that capture complex learning situations. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is one of several theoretical frameworks that became very popular among educational researchers because it conceptualizes individuals and their environment as a holistic unit of analysis. It assumes a non-dualistic ontology and acknowledges the complexities involved in human activity in natural settings. Recently, reputable journals such as the American Psychologist, Educational Psychologist, and Educational Researcher that are targeted for a wide-range of audience have included articles on CHAT. In many of such articles, CHAT has been referred to as social constructivism, sociocultural theory, or activity theory. Activity systems analysis is one of the popular methods among CHAT researchers for mapping complex human interactions from qualitative data. However, understanding the methods involved in activity systems analysis is a challenging task for many researchers. This difficulty derives from several reasons. First the original texts of CHAT are in Russian and there have been numerous authors who report on the difficulties of reconciling translation problems of the works of original authors' such as Vygotsky and Leontiev. Second, in North America activity systems analysis has deviated from the Russian scholars' intentions and Engeström's original work using the triangle model to identify tensions to overcome and bring about sociopolitical change in participant practices. Third, to this date there are numerous publications on the theoretical background of activity theory and studies reporting the results of using activity systems analysis for unpacking qualitative data sets, but there have been no methodological publications on how researchers engage in activity systems analysis. Thus, there is a dearth of literature in both book and journal publications that guide researchers on the methodological issues involving activity systems analysis.
Activity Theory, Authentic Learning and Emerging Technologies: Towards a transformative higher education pedagogy (Routledge Research in Higher Education)
by Denise Wood Vivienne Bozalek Dick Ng’ambi Jan Herrington Joanne Hardman Alan AmoryAlthough emerging technologies are becoming popularised for teaching, learning and research, the relationship between their use and transformative effects on higher education remain largely unexplored. This edited collection seeks to fill this gap by providing a nuanced view, locating higher education pedagogical practices at an intersection of emerging technologies, authentic learning and activity systems. Providing numerous case studies as examples, the book draws from a wide range of contexts to illustrate how such a convergence has the potential to track transformative teaching and learning practices in the higher education sector. Chapters provide the reader with a variety of transformative higher education pedagogical practices in southern contexts, theorised within the framework of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and tool mediation, while using authentic learning as a pedagogical model upon which this theoretical framework is based. The topics covered in the book have global relevance, with research paying particular attention to South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, where the authors are based. The book will be of interest to educators, researchers and practitioners in higher education, as well as those interested in emerging technologies in education more generally.
Activity and Behavior Computing (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies #204)
by Sozo Inoue Daniel Roggen Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad Kaori FujinamiFocusing on the vision-based and sensor-based recognition and analysis of human activity and behavior, this book gathers extended versions of selected papers presented at the International Conference on Activity and Behavior Computing (ABC 2020), held in Kitakyushu, Japan on August 26 – 29, 2020. The respective chapters cover action recognition, action understanding, gait analysis, gesture recognition, behavior analysis, emotion and affective computing, and related areas. The book addresses various challenges and aspects of human activity recognition in both the sensor-based and vision-based domains, making it a unique guide to the field.
Actuator Saturation Control (Automation and Control Engineering)
by Karolos M. Grigoriadis Vikram KapilaCompiling the most significant advances from nearly a decade of research, this reference compares and evaluates a wide variety of techniques for the design, analysis, and implementation of control methodologies for systems with actuator saturation. The book presents efficient computational algorithms and new control paradigms for application in the
Actuators and Their Applications: Fundamentals, Principles, Materials, and Emerging Technologies (Materials Research Foundations Ser.)
by Abdullah M. Asiri Rajender Boddula InamuddinAs demand has increased for new types of equipment that are more suited to the ever-evolving world of industry, demand for both new and traditional types of actuators has soared. From automotive and aeronautical to biomedical and robotics, engineers are constantly developing actuating devices that are adapted to their particular needs in their particular field, and actuators are used in almost every field of engineering that there is. This volume not only lays out the fundamentals of actuators, such as how they operate, the different kinds, and their various applications, but it also informs the engineer or student about the new actuators that are being developed and the state-of-the-art of actuators. Edited and written by highly experienced and well-respected engineers with a deep understanding of their subject, there is no other volume on actuators that is more current or comprehensive. Whether as a guide for the latest innovations in actuators, a refresher reference work for the veteran engineer, or an introductory text for the engineering student, this is a must-have for any engineer’s or university’s library. Covering the theory and the practical applications, this breakthrough volume is a “one stop shop” for any engineer or student interested in actuators.
Acumenous Game-Based Learning in Simulation Games: Transforming Fears of Mathematics and Statistics Education (Routledge Research in Digital Education and Educational Technology)
by Souad SlymanDrawing on a comprehensive theoretical foundation encompassing socio-constructivism, social learning, and motivation, this book offers a new theoretical contribution and sheds light on the transformative power of acumenous game-based learning to reengage learners with Mathematics and Statistics Education.Foregrounding six years of research into simulation games, and exploring inquisitional and acumenous theory, the book ultimately explores the power of science and game-based technologies, applying theoretical knowledge to practice in order to reframe negative connotations associated with mathematical and statistical learning. The chapters explore maths anxiety and resilience, as well as understanding dyscalculia and its ramifications, introducing a novel theoretical framework that will redefine traditional teaching paradigms. Ultimately exploring the powerful potential of simulation games as motivational and pedagogical tools to redress the complex societal problem of negative emotions toward Mathematics and Statistics Education, readers will gain invaluable insights into unlocking new learning opportunities, paving the way for a future where mathematics and statistics become accessible, engaging, and empowering for all.This book is of benefit to postgraduate students, scholars, and academics in the fields of educational technology, mathematics education, and teaching and learning in higher education more broadly.
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals
by Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline LevelsThe Bhopal Disaster of 1984 resulted in the death of around 2,000 residents living near chemical plants and irreversible injuries to more than 20,000 other residents. These numbers can be attributed to the community's lack of awareness concerning the chemicals' existence, dangers and effects, and/or how to react in case of emergency. The disaster emphasized the need for governments to identify hazardous substances and to aid local communities in developing plans for emergency exposures. As a result, the United States government issued the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986; requiring the identification of extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA was also tasked with assisting Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) in conducting health-hazard assessments to develop emergency-response plans for sites where EHSs are produced, stored, transported, or used. The EPA identified nearly 400 EHSs in terms of their immediate danger to life and health (IDLH) as their first step in assisting these LEPCs. In 1991 the EPA went on to request that the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Toxicology (COT) develop criteria and methods for developing emergency exposure levels for EHSs for the general population. The COT, who had published many reports on emergency exposure guidance levels at the time, designated the task to a subcommittee. The subcommittee focused on Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances. Four years later the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances (NAC) was created with a focus on identifying, reviewing, and interpreting relevant toxicologic and other scientific data and developing acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for high-priority, acutely toxic chemicals. In Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 4, the NAC outlines acute exposure guideline levels for chlorine, hydrogen chloride, toluene 2,4, hydrogen fluoride, 2,6-diisocyanate, and uranium hexafluoride.
Acute Resuscitation and Crisis Management: Acute Critical Events Simulation (ACES)
by David T. NeilipovitzThis book is a compendium to the ACES Program, containing its important background information and reference material while serving as an independent reference source for physicians and other health care professionals.
Acute and Chronic Neural Stimulation via Mechano-Sensitive Ion Channels (Springer Theses)
by Andy Kah Ping TayThis book describes the tools, developed by the author, for perturbing endogenous mechano-sensitive ion channels for magneto-mechanical neuro-modulation. He explores the ways in which these tools compare against existing ones such as electricity, chemicals, optogenetics, and techniques like thermos/magneto-genetics. The author also reports on two platforms--magnetic ratcheting and magnetic microfluidics for directed evolution and high throughput culture of magnetotactic bacteria--that produce high quality magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications like neural stimulations. This thesis was submitted to and approved by the University of California, Los Angeles.
Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications, Second Edition
by Subir Kumar Sarkar T.G. Basavaraju C. PuttamadappaThe military, the research community, emergency services, and industrial environments all rely on ad hoc mobile wireless networks because of their simple infrastructure and minimal central administration. Now in its second edition, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications explains the concepts, mechanism, design, and
Ad Hoc Networks Telecommunications and Game Theory
by Malek Benslama Hadj Batatia Mohamed Lamine BoucennaRandom SALOHA and CSMA protocols that are used to access MAC in ad hoc networks are very small compared to the multiple and spontaneous use of the transmission channel. So they have low immunity to the problems of packet collisions. Indeed, the transmission time is the critical factor in the operation of such networks.The simulations demonstrate the positive impact of erasure codes on the throughput of the transmission in ad hoc networks. However, the network still suffers from the intermittency and volatility of its efficiency throughout its operation, and it switches quickly to the saturation zone. In this context, game theory has demonstrated his ability to lead the network to a more efficient equilibrium. This, we were led to propose our model code set that formalizes the behavior of nodes during transmission within SALOHA networks and CSMA respectively