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Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades 3-5)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades 3-5 offers teachers everything they need to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book provides six different types of menus that students can use to select exciting products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned—instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include physical science, biological science, Earth science, and tools scientists use.Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science provides numerous types of leveled menus that lower and on-level elementary-aged students can use to demonstrate learning through a method of their choice. Menus with similar formats but geared towards varying ability levels allow teachers to differentiate easily. Using the creative and challenging choices found in Tic-Tac-Toe menus, List menus, 2-5-8 menus, Three Shape menus, Baseball menus, and Game Show menus, students will look forward to sharing their newfound knowledge throughout the year. Also included are specific guidelines for products, rubrics for assessing student products, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. This is a must-have for any teacher wanting to differentiate for a wide range of learners!Grades 3-5
Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades 6-8)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades 6-8 offers teachers who have multiple ability levels in one classroom everything they need to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. For each topic covered, there are two menus that look similar but contain differentiated content: one menu for students working on grade level and the other for students working below grade level. Using the creative, challenging choices found in Tic-Tac-Toe menus, List menus, 2-5-8 menus, and Game Show menus, students will demonstrate their knowledge with unique, exciting products. Also included are specific guidelines for products, assessment rubrics, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. These menus can also be used in conjunction with the Differentiating Instruction With Menus series (for students working above grade level) for three tiers of complementary menus.Grades 6-8
Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades K-2)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades K-2 offers teachers everything needed to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book provides seven different types of menus that students can use to select exciting products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include life sciences, Earth sciences, and physical sciences. Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science provides numerous types of leveled menus that lower and on-level primary-age students can use to select exciting products to demonstrate learning. Menus with similar formats but geared toward varying ability levels allow teachers to differentiate easily. Using the creative and challenging choices found in Meal menus, Tic-Tac-Toe menus, Target-Based List menus, 2-5-8 menus, Give Me 5 menus, Three-Shape menus, and Pick 3 menus, students will look forward to sharing their newfound knowledge throughout the year. Also included are specific guidelines for products, rubrics for assessing student products, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. This is a must-have for any teacher wanting to differentiate for a wide range of learners!Grades K-2
Differentiating Science Instruction and Assessment for Learners With Special Needs, K–8
by Kevin D. Finson Christine K. Ormsbee Mary M. JensenField-tested strategies for teaching science to students with special needs This timely, practical guidebook shows general and special educators how to retool science activities and assessments for students with special needs. The authors cover a broad range of topics in an orderly, concise fashion, including: National and state requirements for science learning Pedagogical strategies for collaborative learning groups, individual contracts, self-paced learning centers, literature circles, and team projects Grade-appropriate ways to revise science activities and assessments Step-by-step instructions for using rubrics for evaluation, revision, and assessment Information on teacher collaboration and specific disabilities
Differentiation and Integration (500 Tips)
by W. BoltonThis book is concerned with the principles of differentiation and integration. The principles are then applied to solve engineering problems. A familiarity with basic algebra and a basic knowledge of common functions, such as polynomials, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic is assumed but reference material on these is included in an appendix.
Diffraction Optics of Complex-Structured Periodic Media: Localized Optical Modes of Spiral Media (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #203)
by Vladimir BelyakovThis book presents recent theoretical and experimental results of localized optical modes and low-threshold lasing in spiral photonic media. Efficient applications of localized modes for low-threshold lasing at the frequencies of localized modes are a central topic of the book's new chapters. Attention is paid to the analytical approach to the problem. The book focuses on one of the most extensively studied media in this field, cholesteric liquid crystals. The chosen model, in the absence of dielectric interfaces, allows to remove the problem of polarization mixing at surfaces, layers and defect structures. It allows to reduce the corresponding equations to the equations for light of diffracting polarization only. The problem concentrates then on the edge and defect optical modes. The possibility to reduce the lasing threshold due to an anomalously strong absorption effect is presented theoretically for distributed feedback lasing. It is shown that a minimum of the threshold-pumping wave intensity can be reached for the pumping wave frequency coinciding with the localized mode frequency (what can be reached for a pumping wave propagating at a certain angle to the helical axes). Analytic expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. In the present second edition, experimental observations of theoretically revealed phenomena in spiral photonic media are discussed. The main results obtained for spiral media are qualitatively valid for photonic crystals of any nature and therefore may be applied as a guide to investigations of other photonic crystals where the corresponding theory is more complicated and demands a numerical approach. It is demonstrated that many optical phenomena occurring at the frequencies of localized modes reveal unusual properties which can be used for efficient applications of the corresponding phenomena, efficient frequency conversion and low threshold lasing, e.g. For the convenience of the reader, an introduction is given to conventional linear and nonlinear optics of structured periodic media. This book is valuable to researchers, postgraduate, and graduate students active in theoretical and experimental physics in the field of interaction of radiation with condensed matter.
Diffractive Nanophotonics
by Victor A SoiferDiffractive Nanophotonics demonstrates the utility of the well-established methods of diffractive computer optics in solving nanophotonics tasks. It is concerned with peculiar properties of laser light diffraction by microoptics elements with nanoscale features and light confinement in subwavelength space regions. Written by recognized experts in t
Diffractive Optics and Nanophotonics
by Igor Minin Oleg MininIn this book the authors present several examples of techniques used to overcome the Abby diffraction limit using flat and 3D diffractive optical elements, photonic crystal lenses, photonic jets, and surface plasmon diffractive optics. The structures discussed can be used in the microwave and THz range and also as scaled models for optical frequencies. Such nano-optical microlenses can be integrated, for example, into existing semiconductor heterostructure platforms for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Chapter 1 considers flat diffractive lenses and innovative 3D radiating structures including a conical millimeter-wave Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens proposed for subwavelength focusing. In chapter 2 the subwavelength focusing properties of diffractive photonic crystal lenses are considered and it is shown that at least three different types of photonic crystal lens are possible. With the aim of achieving subwavelength focusing, in chapter 3 an alternative mechanism to produce photonic jets at Terahertz frequencies (terajets) using 3D dielectric particles of arbitrary size (cuboids) is considered. A scheme to create a 2D "teraknife" using dielectric rods is also discussed. In the final chapter the successful adaptation of free-space 3D binary phase-reversal conical FZPs for operation on surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves demonstrates that analogues of Fourier diffractive components can be developed for in-plane SPP 3D optics. Review ing theory, modelling and experiment, this book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers working on nanophotonics and sub-wavelength focusing and imaging.
Diffractive Optics and Nanophotonics
by V. A. SoiferDiffractive Optics and Nanophotonics is devoted to achievements in diffractive optics, focusing on the creation of new nanophotonic components and devices, as well as instrumentation and available information technology. The author describes methods of calculation of diffractive optical elements to solve actual problems of nanophotonics. Coverage includes mathematical methods for calculation of diffraction gratings, calculation of modes of inhomogeneous waveguides, integral methods of calculation of electromagnetic field near the focus, and methods of calculation of diffractive optical elements generating vortex laser beams.
Diffractive Optics for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells
by Christian Stefano SchusterThis thesis introduces a figure of merit for light trapping with photonic nanostructures and shows how different light trapping methods compare, irrespective of material, absorber thickness or type of nanostructure. It provides an overview of the essential aspects of light trapping, offering a solid basis for future designs. Light trapping with photonic nanostructures is a powerful method of increasing the absorption in thin film solar cells. Many light trapping methods have been studied, but to date there has been no comprehensive figure of merit to compare these different methods quantitatively. This comparison allows us to establish important design rules for highly performing structures; one such rule is the structuring of the absorber layer from both sides, for which the authors introduce a novel and simple layer-transfer technique. A closely related issue is the question of plasmonic vs. dielectric nanostructures; the authors present an experimental demonstration, aided by a detailed theoretical assessment, highlighting the importance of considering the multipass nature of light trapping in a thin film, which is an essential effect that has been neglected in previous work and which allows us to quantify the parasitic losses.
Diffuse Pollution of Water Resources: Principles and Case Studies in the Southern African Region
by Roumiana HranovaDiffuse pollution of water resources has a multi-disciplinary dimension and the measures to prevent and control it are closely inter-related to the development patterns and societal habits of the region. This book aims to bridge the gaps between different specialists working in the field and to present an integrated approach for the solution of dif
Diffusion and Mass Transfer
by James S. Vrentas Christine M. VrentasA proper understanding of diffusion and mass transfer theory is critical for obtaining correct solutions to many transport problems. Diffusion and Mass Transfer presents a comprehensive summary of the theoretical aspects of diffusion and mass transfer and applies that theory to obtain detailed solutions for a large number of important problems. Par
Diffusion-Driven Wavelet Design for Shape Analysis
by Hong Qin Tingbo HouFrom Design Methods and Generation Schemes to State-of-the-Art ApplicationsWavelets are powerful tools for functional analysis and geometry processing, enabling researchers to determine the structure of data and analyze 3D shapes. Suitable for researchers in computer graphics, computer vision, visualization, medical imaging, and geometric modeling
Diffusion in the Iron Group L12 and B2 Intermetallic Compounds
by Joshua PellegThis book explores diffusion in L12 and B2 structures of Ni3Al, Ni3Ge, Ni3Ga and NiAl, NiGe and NiGa and discusses Fe- and Co-based alloys in detail. These alloys of the VIIIA group elements are the basis of intermetallic compounds known as "super alloys," which are important in many technological high-temperature structural applications to improve mechanical strength properties such as creep. Knowledge of diffusion behavior of intermetallic solids is critical, in particular in high temperature applications of material. Development of high temperature alloys depends on the understanding of diffusion in the aforementioned compounds. Therefore, this comprehensive book on diffusion in the iron group (VIIIA) based intermetallic compounds will be of interest to students, lecturers and researchers. For engineers working in the aircraft industry, this book will prove invaluable as it contains fundamental up to date information and basic knowledge on materials of their interest.
Diffusion Models of Environmental Transport
by Bruce Choy Danny D. ReibleFate and transport models are critical components in the determination of the exposure to and risk from hazardous contaminants. Analytical models are preferable because they are generally more accessible, more reliable, and require fewer computational resources. Surprisingly, until today, only a limited number of analytical models have been accessible in the literature.Now, there is Diffusion Models of Environmental Transport, which provides more than 40 analytical models of diffusion and advective-diffusion in one, two, and three layer systems, subject to a wide range of boundary and initial conditions. This text illustrates applications to contaminant transport in sediments and soils, including porewater and vapor transport, and also provides Mathcad spreadsheets to aid in the use of these models.The authors supply complete details of the solutions to the models for those who wish for a deeper understanding. For others, who do not have the time or the need, the solutions themselves are ready to be picked up and used. Reible and Choy use their 20-plus years of cumulative experience to create a thorough exploration of fate and transport models. This comprehensive text furnishes an invaluable reference for students and environmental professionals.
The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics
by Michael C. HorowitzThe Diffusion of Military Power examines how the financial and organizational challenges of adopting new methods of fighting wars can influence the international balance of power. Michael Horowitz argues that a state or actor wishing to adopt a military innovation must possess both the financial resources to buy or build the technology and the internal organizational capacity to accommodate any necessary changes in recruiting, training, or operations. How countries react to new innovations--and to other actors that do or don't adopt them--has profound implications for the global order and the likelihood of war. Horowitz looks at some of the most important military innovations throughout history, including the advent of the all-big-gun steel battleship, the development of aircraft carriers and nuclear weapons, and the use of suicide terror by nonstate actors. He shows how expensive innovations can favor wealthier, more powerful countries, but also how those same states often stumble when facing organizationally complicated innovations. Innovations requiring major upheavals in doctrine and organization can disadvantage the wealthiest states due to their bureaucratic inflexibility and weight the balance of power toward smaller and more nimble actors, making conflict more likely. This book provides vital insights into military innovations and their impact on U.S. foreign policy, warfare, and the distribution of power in the international system.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fractional Anisotropy: Imaging Biomarkers in Early Parkinson’s Disease
by Rahul P. Kotian Prakashini KoteshwarThe book covers all aspects of one of the most advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values in early Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. It provides step-by-step descriptions of DTI and its use in the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease by using FA values at several grey and white matter regions of the brain with helpful MRI DTI images. It includes clear flow charts with MRI DTI imaging protocol for Parkinson’s disease to aid in early diagnosis and treatment. The book covers essential information on anatomy and pathology in Parkinson’s disease and includes dedicated chapters on diffusion tensor imaging and FA in Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, it covers the role of magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson’s disease with routine findings for Parkinson’s disease in MRI, followed by advanced imaging biomarkers and predictors in Parkinson’s disease. The book will assist the practitioners in the early detection of Parkinson’s disease using specific imaging biomarkers with the help of FA values, which will help in the early treatment of PD patients and thus extend and improve their quality of life. It will also be relevant for MD radiology, M.Sc. medical imaging technology students/trainees and Ph.D. medical imaging graduates as well as B.Sc MIT students.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Techniques And Clinical Applications
by Sofia Gourtsoyianni Nikolaos PapanikolaouThis book explains how diffusion weighted imaging has been incorporated in routine MRI examinations of the abdomen and pelvis: though its clinical role is still evolving, it is already considered an important tool for the assessment of rectal cancer treatment response, as was confirmed in recent ESGAR consensus statements. The standardization and clinical validation of quantitative DWI related biomarkers are still in progress, although certain efforts have been undertaken to establish imaging guidelines for different clinical indications/body parts. The book reviews the technical aspects and clinical applications of DWI in imaging of the GI tract, and provides specific technical details (imaging protocols, artefacts, optimization techniques) for each GI tract division. This volume is mainly intended for radiologists who are interested in abdominal radiology, as well as radiology residents. Given that magnetic resonance physics is complex and can be cumbersome to learn, the authors have made it as simple and practical as possible.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Genitourinary System: Techniques And Clinical Applications
by Deniz Akata Nikolaos PapanikolaouThis book discusses diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and its evolving clinical role. DWI has frequently been used in the abdomen and pelvis but is now increasingly being used in other clinical applications, especially for the diagnostic workup of oncologic patients. Standardization and clinical validation of quantitative DWI related biomarkers is still ongoing, although efforts have been undertaken, especially in the prostate, to provide standardized imaging guidelines for different clinical indications. The technical aspects and clinical applications of DWI presented focus on the respective anatomical region and its pathologies. The book is unique in providing tables of technical details (imaging protocols, artifacts, optimization techniques) for each chapter, making this complex area as simple and practical as possible.The book is intended for radiologists interested in urogenital radiology and also for radiology residents.
Diffusionics: Diffusion Process Controlled by Diffusion Metamaterials
by Fu-Bao Yang Ji-Ping HuangThis open access book presents a comprehensive exploration of diffusion metamaterials that control energy and mass diffusion. Currently, if from the perspective of governing equations, diffusion metamaterials and wave metamaterials (pioneered by J. B. Pendry in the 1990s) are recognised as the two most prominent branches in the field of metamaterials. These two branches differ in their emphasis on the diffusion equation (as the governing equation) and time-dependent characteristic lengths in diffusion metamaterials, as opposed to the wave equation (as the governing equation) and time-independent characteristic lengths in wave metamaterials. Organized into three distinct parts – 'Thermal Diffusion Metamaterials', 'Particle Diffusion Metamaterials', and 'Plasma Diffusion Metamaterials' – this book offers a rigorous exploration spanning physics, engineering, and materials science, aimed at advancing our understanding of diffusion processes controlled by diffusion metamaterials. Incorporating foundational theory, computational simulations, and laboratory experiments, the book equips researchers and scholars across these disciplines with comprehensive methods, insights, and results pivotal to the advancement of diffusion control. Beyond facilitating interdisciplinary discourse, the book serves as a catalyst for innovative breakthroughs at the crossroads of physics, thermodynamics, and materials science. Essentially, readers will acquire profound insights that empower them to spearhead advancements in diffusion science (diffusionics) and the engineering of metamaterials.
Diffusionsoffener Holzrahmenbau des Bio-Solar-Hauses: Grundlagen und Anwendung in der Praxis
by Alexander LawrenzIm Rahmen dieser Arbeit gilt es u.a. zu untersuchen, wie sich der Wasserdampf, der im Innenraum anfällt, sowohl in den Wandbauteilen als auch in der Luftschicht verteilt. Dies inkludiert ebenso die Behaglichkeit der Raumluft. Dazu wird ein realisiertes BSH in-situ vermessen, parallel dazu im Sinne einer Referenz Wandprüfkörper in einem Klimaschrank hinsichtlich ihrer Diffusions- und Feuchtespeichereigenschaften untersucht und zudem entsprechende Bauteilschichten sowie das BSH anhand von WUFI-Fallbeispielen simuliert. Dadurch soll eine Grundlage für weiterführende Forschungsarbeiten geschaffen werden, die sich dem diffusionsoffenen Holzrahmenbau im speziellen des Haus-im-Haus-Prinzip widmen und eine Alternative zu konventionellen Baustilen, welche bspw. auf ein Lüftungskonzept angewiesen sind, bieten.
Diffusive Spreading in Nature, Technology and Society
by Armin Bunde Jürgen Caro Christian Chmelik Jörg Kärger Gero VoglWhat do the movements of molecules and the migration of humans have in common? How does the functionality of our brain tissue resemble the flow of traffic in New York City? How can understanding the spread of ideas, rumors, and languages help us tackle the spread a pandemic? This book provides an illuminating look into these seemingly disparate topics by exploring and expertly communicating the fundamental laws that govern the spreading and diffusion of objects. A collection of leading scientists in disciplines as diverse as epidemiology, linguistics, mathematics, and physics discuss various spreading phenomena relevant to their own fields, revealing astonishing similarities and correlations between the objects of study—be they people, particles, or pandemics.This updated and expanded second edition of an award-winning book introduces timely coverage of a subject with the greatest societal impact in recent memory—the global fight against COVID-19. Winner of the 2019 Literature Prize of the German Chemical Industry Fund, this book targets an interdisciplinary readership, featuring an introductory chapter that sets the stage for the topics discussed throughout. Each chapter provides ample opportunity to whet the appetite of those readers seeking a more in-depth treatment, making the book also useful as supplementary reading in appropriate courses dealing with complex systems, mass transfer, and network theory.
Dig It!: An Earth and Space Science Unit for High-Ability Learners in Grade 3
by Clg Of William And Mary/Ctr Gift EdDig It!, a third-grade Earth and space science unit, encourages students to investigate humanity's effects on the environment and the importance of conserving natural resources. The unit builds upon students' prior knowledge and the overarching concept of change by providing opportunities to relate local examples of environmental pollution and conservation with hands-on scientific experiments and demonstrations.Dig It! was developed by the Center for Gifted Education at The College of William and Mary to offer advanced curriculum supported by years of research. The Center's materials have received national recognition from the United States Department of Education and the National Association for Gifted Children, and they are widely used both nationally and internationally.Each of the books in this series offers curriculum that focuses on advanced content and higher level processes. The science units contain simulations of real-world problems, and students experience the work of real science by using data-handling skills, analyzing information, and evaluating results. The mathematics units provide sophisticated ideas and concepts, challenging extensions, higher order thinking skills, and opportunities for student exploration based on interest. These materials are a must for any teacher seeking to challenge and engage learners and increase achievement.Grade 3
Digenetic Trematodes (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1454)
by Rafael Toledo Bernard FriedAlthough digenetic trematodes have been largely neglected, they constitute a major group of helminths that parasitize human and animals causing significant morbidity and mortality. This is of special importance today, since the geographical limits and the populations at risk, traditionally limited to developing or low-income countries, are currently expanding and changing in relation to factors such as growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes. This has led to a growing international interest in trematode infections, although factors such as the difficulties entailed in the diagnosis, the complexity of human and agricultural practices, the lack of assessments of economic costs, or the limited number of effective drugs are preventing the development of control measures of these diseases in humans and livestock. In-depth studies are needed to clarify the current epidemiology of these helminth infections and to identify new and specific targets for both effective diagnosis and treatments. The main goal of the third edition of this book is to present the major trematodes and their corresponding diseases in the framework of modern parasitology, considering matters such as the application of novel techniques and analysis of data in the context of host-parasite interactions and also with the resident microbiota, showing the application of modern techniques and concepts to the studies on digenetic trematodes. This is an ideal book for parasitologists, microbiologists, zoologists, immunologists, public health professionals, clinicians and graduate and post-graduate students.
Digiclón: CUANDO ERES UN CEREBRO SIN UN CUERPO, ¿SIGUES SIENDO UN HUMANO?
by David T. WolfCUANDO ERES UN CEREBRO SIN UN CUERPO, ¿SIGUES SIENDO UN HUMANO? Marc Gregorio se despierta paralizado. No puede sentir su propio cuerpo. ¿Un accidente? ¿Una apoplejía? ¿Alguien le dio una sobredosis de Botox? La respuesta, según lo que descubre, es mucho, mucho peor. Solo es una copia de Marc, un cerebro digital sin un cuerpo, cargado de todos los recuerdos de Marc, pero sin acceso a los placeres sensoriales humanos. Ahora debe encontrar una razón para seguir, eh, «viviendo». Adam el digiclón conoce al verdadero Marc Gregorio… y a su nueva novia, Molly Schaeffer. Adam también la ama. Pero ¿cómo experimenta el amor un ente digital? Ni siquiera puede experimentar la pizza. Su única compensación: un poderoso cerebro digital. A instancias de Molly, lo aplica a exponer conspiraciones terroristas, tumultos escolares, actividades políticas ilícitas y artimañas financieras. Sin embargo, sus buenas obras llaman la atención de un contratista militar adicto al poder que no se detendrá ante nada (robo, secuestro y algo peor) para controlar la tecnología. Sin un cuerpo, ¿cómo podrá Adam salvarse a sí mismo y al mundo de un terrible destino? Digiclón, con 94.000 palabras, es un libro de ideas que explora los avances inminentes en la informática cognitiva y las redes neuronales, y lo que significa ser un humano incluso si no se tiene un cuerpo. Incluye aventura, humor, romance frustrado, debilidades humanas y digitales y, como bonificación extra, la derrota de la muerte misma.