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Designed Forests: A Cultural History
by Dan HandelDesigned Forests: A Cultural History explores the unique kinship that exists between forests and spatial design; the forest’s influence on architectural culture and practice; and the potentials and pitfalls of “forest thinking” for more sustainable and ethical ways of doing architecture today. It tackles these subjects by focusing on architecture’s own dispositions, which stem from an ecology of metaphor that surrounds its encounters with the forest and undergird ideas about Nature and natural systems. The book weaves together global narratives and chapters explore a range of topics, such as the invention of forest plans in colonial India, the war waged on the jungles of Vietnam, economic land use concepts in rural Germany, precolonial ecological pasts in Manhattan, and technologically saturated forests in California. This book is essential for landscape architects, urbanists, architects, forestry experts, and everyone concerned with larger environmental contexts and the ever-evolving relationship between nature and culture.
Designed to Kill: The Case Against Weapons Research
by John ForgeThe pilot-less drones, smart bombs and other high-tech weapons on display in recent conflicts are all the outcome of weapons research. However, the kind of scientific and technological endeavour has been around for a long time, producing not only the armaments of Nazi Germany and the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, but the catapults used in ancient Greece and Rome and the assault rifles used by child soldiers in Africa. In this book John Forge examines such weapons research and asks whether it is morally acceptable to undertake such an activity. He argues that it is in fact morally wrong to take part in weapons research as its primary purpose is to produce the means to harm others, and moreover he argues that all attempts to then justify participation in weapons research do not stand up to scrutiny. This book has wide appeal in fields of philosophy and related areas, as well to a more general audience who are puzzled about the rate at which new weapons are accumulated.
Designer Biochar Assisted Bioremediation of Industrial Effluents: A Low-Cost Sustainable Green Technology
by Riti Thapar Kapoor Maulin P. ShahThis book provides useful information and applications of biochar produced from agricultural waste for removal of contaminants from industrial effluent and reutilization of waste sludge in the production of biofuel/bioenergy. It describes how designer or modified biochar or combined application (biochar + microbes) can be applied successfully for reuse of wastewater and contaminated soil for ecorestoration, environment protection, and sustainable development. It also deals with the unique features, advantages, and disadvantages of techniques for biochar production and analyses. It underlines a road map in development of future strategy for pollution abatement and sustainable development. Features: Provides exhaustive coverage of biochar and its production and properties. Highlights use of biochar in pollution control and environment protection. Covers use of agricultural waste/waste biomass for dye decolorization and degradation. Explores synergistic approaches for contaminants removal for better insights into basic and advanced biotechnological applications. Describes how biochar treatment can be successfully applied for reuse of wastewater and contaminated soil ecorestoration and environment protection. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in chemical/biochemical engineering, biotechnology, environmental sciences/engineering, and agriculture engineering.
Designerly Ways of Knowing and Thinking
by Nigel CrossThis book is an edited collection of key lectures and foundational publications by Professor Nigel Cross on creative design thinking. This is an expanded and updated new edition of the previous version, with three additional chapters. The book investigates and explains the nature of designerly ways of knowing and thinking, and offers rich insights into a field of study that provides important foundations for design education, research and practice. The view that designers have and use particular designerly ways of knowing and thinking developed from new approaches in design education and new empirical studies of design processes. The concept was first clearly articulated by Professor Cross, one of the most respected design researchers internationally. Since then, the field of study has grown considerably, as both design education and design research have developed together into a practice-based discipline influential across many spheres of design and innovation. As an extensive review of scholarship and research, and a resource for studying designerly ways of knowing and thinking, the book will be of value to researchers, teachers, students and practitioners across all fields of design, including engineering and architectural design, industrial and product design, software and service design. It will also be of interest to those engaging in creative developments across a wide range of social and technological innovation.
A Designer's Guide to Asynchronous VLSI
by Peter A. Beerel Recep O. Ozdag Marcos FerrettiBypass the limitations of synchronous design and create low power, higher performance circuits with shorter design times using this practical guide to asynchronous design. The fundamentals of asynchronous design are covered, as is a large variety of design styles, while the emphasis throughout is on practical techniques and real-world applications.
Designing 2D and 3D Network-on-Chip Architectures
by Konstantinos Tatas Kostas Siozios Dimitrios Soudris Axel JantschThis book covers key concepts in the design of 2D and 3D Network-on-Chip interconnect. It highlights design challenges and discusses fundamentals of NoC technology, including architectures, algorithms and tools. Coverage focuses on topology exploration for both 2D and 3D NoCs, routing algorithms, NoC router design, NoC-based system integration, verification and testing, and NoC reliability. Case studies are used to illuminate new design methodologies.
Designing a New Class of Distributed Systems
by Rao MikkilineniDesigning a New Class of Distributed Systems closely examines the Distributed Intelligent Managed Element (DIME) Computing Model, a new model for distributed systems, and provides a guide to implementing Distributed Managed Workflows with High Reliability, Availability, Performance and Security. The book also explores the viability of self-optimizing, self-monitoring autonomous DIME-based computing systems. Designing a New Class of Distributed Systems is designed for practitioners as a reference guide for innovative distributed systems design. Researchers working in a related field will also find this book valuable.
Designing a Racecar
by Aaron MillarBefore the race even begins, engineers and designers have already been hard at work testing each and every part of a racecar.
Designing a Structured Cabling System to ISO 11801
by null Barry J. ElliotCovering major standards and relevant design issues, this book explains how to specify, install, and test a modern reliable structured cabling system and analyzes the terminology and physics behind the standards. The author empowers the reader with the skills required to read and understand standards and address problems raised by the need to design, procure, install, and test a modern cabling system, using both copper and optical fiber cable technology. He thoroughly discusses the technology and the vast number of standards that accompany it. The material is based on the design recommendations of ISO/IEC 11801. The appendix lists relevant standards and provides contacts for standards organizations.
Designing Adaptive and Personalized Learning Environments (Interdisciplinary Approaches to Educational Technology)
by KinshukDesigning Adaptive and Personalized Learning Environments provides a theoretically-based yet practical guide to systematic design processes for learning environments that provide automatic customization of learning and instruction. The book consists of four main sections: In "Introduction and Overview," the concepts of adaptivity and personalization are introduced and explored in detail. In "Theoretical Perspectives with Example Applications," various theoretical concepts underlying adaptive and personalized learning are discussed, including cognitive profiling, content-based adaptivity, exploration-based adaptivity, and mobile and ubiquitous settings. In "Practical Perspectives with Example Applications," the implementation process for adaptive and personalized learning environments is described, followed by application in various contexts. In "Validation and Future Trends," various evaluation techniques for validating the efficiency and efficacy of adaptive and personalized learning systems are discussed. This final section concludes with a discussion of emerging trends in adaptive and personalized learning research. Based on cutting-edge research, Designing Adaptive and Personalized Learning Environments is appropriate as a primary textbook for both undergraduate and graduate courses focused on the design of learning systems, and as a secondary textbook for a variety of courses in programs such as educational technology, instructional design, learning sciences, digital literacy, computer based systems, and STEM content fields.
Designing Aeration Systems using Baseline Mass Transfer Coefficients: For Water and Wastewater Treatment
by Johnny LeeThe book is about the discovery of a Standard Specific Baseline Mass Transfer Coefficient (KLa0)20 that represents a revolutionary change in the understanding, designing, and operation of aeration equipment, as well as providing a baseline for future research and development for water and wastewater treatment systems. It discusses the use of the Standard Model for oxygen transfer to determine the baseline, and its major finding is to show that the gas transfer model is a consistent relativistic theory of molecular interactions. Previously, the challenge was the appearance of divergences in the mass transfer coefficient estimations that defies aeration design. This normalization to a baseline is a great achievement in physics and engineering.
Designing Aircraft Simulators (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Nikolay Kondratyevich Yurkov Nina Ivanovna Romancheva Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny Evgeny Yuryevich GoncharovThis book presents the design of modular architecture flight simulators. Safe transportation of people and goods is one of the main directions for the development of the world economy. At the same time, in conditions of constantly increasing intensity of air traffic, the actions of people, responsible for piloting aircraft and air traffic control are of particular importance. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the process of training such specialists. This book describes various flight simulators of an aircraft, as well as to assess the impact of various characteristics of aviation simulators on the quality of skills of aviation specialists. The book discusses the following issues: 1) method of setting dynamic parameters; 2) methods of correction of simulator parameters, according to expert opinions of operating organizations; 3) modules of simulators of operation of various aircraft units and flight conditions; 4) prospects for the development of aviation simulators; 5) collection and evaluation of information in the process of training on aviation simulators.
Designing an Innovative Pedagogy for Sustainable Development in Higher Education (Higher Education and Sustainability)
by Vasiliki Brinia J. Paulo DavimDesigning an Innovative Pedagogy for Sustainable Development in Higher Education This book develops a "green pedagogy" and an innovation mindset in higher education by using approaches based on innovative design thinking, arts-based practices, digital transformation, and entrepreneurship for sustainable development. New pedagogical methods and educational solutions are developed throughout this book to offer pedagogical support to both students and university/college-level instructors. This book leads students as well as their instructors, through an artful and experimental way of thinking and doing, to take the ownership of the co-creation process. This is the basis for increasing social responsibility, motivation and commitment, and fostering creativity and innovation. An educational toolkit, including human-centric design methods, digital tools, creative and arts-based practices, innovation-related skills, and nascent and social entrepreneurship competencies, is provided for higher education instructors. This method kit will help instructors support students in the process of creating new knowledge for addressing real-world problems and enhance their societal involvement, foster entrepreneurial spirit, and reach opportunities for a sustainable future. Features Discusses arts-based education and entrepreneurship-based skills. Presents digital transformation and innovation-related skills for sustainable development. Proposes an experimental culture of thinking and doing. Provides agile and collaborative development methodology. Leads students to be much more creative and innovative. Offers a method kit for instructors to respond to 21st-century requirements in the field of higher education.
Designing an Internet (Information Policy)
by David D. ClarkWhy the Internet was designed to be the way it is, and how it could be different, now and in the future.How do you design an internet? The architecture of the current Internet is the product of basic design decisions made early in its history. What would an internet look like if it were designed, today, from the ground up? In this book, MIT computer scientist David Clark explains how the Internet is actually put together, what requirements it was designed to meet, and why different design decisions would create different internets. He does not take today's Internet as a given but tries to learn from it, and from alternative proposals for what an internet might be, in order to draw some general conclusions about network architecture. Clark discusses the history of the Internet, and how a range of potentially conflicting requirements—including longevity, security, availability, economic viability, management, and meeting the needs of society—shaped its character. He addresses both the technical aspects of the Internet and its broader social and economic contexts. He describes basic design approaches and explains, in terms accessible to nonspecialists, how networks are designed to carry out their functions. (An appendix offers a more technical discussion of network functions for readers who want the details.) He considers a range of alternative proposals for how to design an internet, examines in detail the key requirements a successful design must meet, and then imagines how to design a future internet from scratch. It's not that we should expect anyone to do this; but, perhaps, by conceiving a better future, we can push toward it.
Designing and Building with UHPFRC
by Jacques Resplendino François ToulemondeThis book contains the proceedings of the international workshop “Designing and Building with Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC): State of the Art and Development”, organized by AFGC, the French Association for Civil Engineering and French branch of fib, in Marseille (France), November 17-18, 2009. This workshop was focused on the experience of a lot of recent UHPFRC realizations. Through more than 50 papers, this book details the experience of many countries in UHPFRC construction and design, including projects from Japan, Germany, Australia, Austria, USA, Denmark, the Netherlands, Canada… and France. The projects are categorized as novel architectural solutions, new frontiers for bridges, new equipments and structural components, and extending the service life of structures. The last part presents major research results, durability and sustainability aspects, and the updated AFGC Recommendations on UHPFRC.
Designing and Conducting a Forest Inventory - case: 9th National Forest Inventory of Finland
by Matti Katila Juha Heikkinen Helena M. Henttonen Tarja Tuomainen Nina Vainikainen Antti Ihalainen Helena Mäkelä Erkki TomppoThis book demonstrates in detail all phases of the 9th National Forest Inventory of Finland (1996-2003): the planning of the sampling design, measurements, estimation methods and results. The inventory knowledge accumulated during almost one hundred years is consolidated in the book. The purpose of the numerous examples of results is to demonstrate the diversity of the estimates and content of a national forest inventory. The most recent results include the assessment of the indicators describing the biodiversity of forests. The Finnish NFI has been and is a model for many countries worldwide. The methods and results of the book are set in the international context and are applicable globally. The book provides a valuable information source for countries, institutions and researchers planning own inventories as well as modifying the existing ones, or seeking the applicable definitions and estimation methods to use in their own inventories.
Designing and Developing Robust Instructional Apps
by Kenneth J. LuterbachDesigning and Developing Robust Instructional Apps advances the state of instructional app development using three learning paradigms for building knowledge foundations, problem-solving, and experimentation. Drawing on research and development lessons gleaned?from noted educational technologists, time-tested systematic instructional design processes, and results from user experience design, the book considers the planning and specification of instructional apps that blend media (text, images, sound, and moving pictures) and instructional method. Further, for readers with little to no programming experience, introductory treatments of JavaScript and Python, along with data fundamentals and machine learning techniques, offer a guided journey that produces robust instructional apps and?concludes with next steps for advancing the state of instructional app development.
Designing and Executing Strategy in Aviation Management
by Triant G. Flouris Sharon L. OswaldDesigning and Executing Strategy in Aviation Management is designed to provide an intensely practical guide to this critically important topic. Comprehensive in coverage and easy-to-read in style, it allows both professionals and students to understand the principles and practicalities of crafting and executing business strategies with an aviation context. The result is a comprehensive and multifaceted teaching/learning package, which includes applied case studies on a wide range of airlines and aviation businesses, setting out how these organizations deal with strategy formulation and implementation in critical areas. Topics covered include: corporate strategy, generic strategy, competitive strategy, internal and external environment assessment, mergers, alliances, safety and security. Written directly for both aviation professionals and student courses in aviation strategy, aviation management and aviation operations, it will also be of great interest to aviation professionals in a variety of different fields, including airlines, corporate aviation, consultancy, etc., as well as academics within the field of aviation and those within the field of strategy and management science.
Designing and Teaching the Elementary Science Methods Course (Teaching and Learning in Science Series)
by Sandra K. Abell Ken Appleton Deborah L. HanuscinWhat do aspiring and practicing elementary science teacher education faculty need to know as they plan and carry out instruction for future elementary science teachers? This scholarly and practical guide for science teacher educators outlines the theory, principles, and strategies needed, and provides classroom examples anchored to those principles. The theoretical and empirical foundations are supported by scholarship in the field, and the practical examples are derived from activities, lessons, and units field-tested in the authors’ elementary science methods courses. Designing and Teaching the Elementary Science Methods Course is grounded in the theoretical framework of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), which describes how teachers transform subject matter knowledge into viable instruction in their discipline. Chapters on science methods students as learners, the science methods course curriculum, instructional strategies, methods course assessment, and the field experience help readers develop their PCK for teaching prospective elementary science teachers. "Activities that Work" and "Tools for Teaching the Methods Course" provide useful examples for putting this knowledge into action in the elementary science methods course.
Designing Audio Effect Plugins in C++: For AAX, AU, and VST3 with DSP Theory
by Will C. PirkleDesigning Audio Effect Plugins in C++ presents everything you need to know about digital signal processing in an accessible way. Not just another theory-heavy digital signal processing book, nor another dull build-a-generic-database programming book, this book includes fully worked, downloadable code for dozens of professional audio effect plugins and practically presented algorithms. Sections include the basics of audio signal processing, the anatomy of a plugin, AAX, AU and VST3 programming guides; implementation details; and actual projects and code. More than 50 fully coded C++ audio signal-processing objects are included. Start with an intuitive and practical introduction to the digital signal processing (DSP) theory behind audio plug-ins, and quickly move on to plugin implementation, gain knowledge of algorithms on classical, virtual analog, and wave digital filters, delay, reverb, modulated effects, dynamics processing, pitch shifting, nonlinear processing, sample rate conversion and more. You will then be ready to design and implement your own unique plugins on any platform and within almost any host program. This new edition is fully updated and improved and presents a plugin core that allows readers to move freely between application programming interfaces and platforms. Readers are expected to have some knowledge of C++ and high school math.
Designing Better Maps: A Guide For GIS Users
by Cynthia A. BrewerDescribing how to build balanced map layouts suited to varied mapping goals, this guide focuses on export options that suit different media and can be edited in other applications. The wide range of text characteristics needed for expert map design as well as how to improve map readability with type effects such as character spacing, leading, callouts, shadows, and halos is detailed. Tips are included for using font tools in the Windows operating system, such as creating special characters in map text, as is information on using text characteristics to indicate feature locations, categories, and hierarchies on maps. How cartographic conventions guide placement of labels for point, line, and area features are also explained.
Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials For Restorative Dentistry
by Mary Anne S. MeloRestorative biomaterials in dentistry are designed to restore the shape and function of teeth. Their applicability is related to restorative procedures such as dental restorations, dentures, dental implants, and endodontic materials. Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry reviews the current state of the art for restorative biomaterials and discusses the near-future trends in this field. The book examines the biomaterials utilized in restorative dental applications (bonding, composites, cements, and ceramics) and assesses the design for these materials and the role of nanotechnology. All of the contributors are active clinical dentists and researchers in this field. FEATURES Overviews the major ongoing research efforts on developing bioactive bonding systems and composites in dental biomaterials Focuses on emerging trends in restorative dental biomaterials Incorporates evidence-based data on new restorative dental materials throughout the book Features extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study Mary Anne S. Melo, DDS, MSc, PhD FADM, is an Associate Professor and Division Director of Operative Dentistry at the School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
Designing Climate Solutions: A Policy Guide for Low-Carbon Energy
by Hal Harvey Robbie Orvis Jeffrey RissmanWith the effects of climate change already upon us, the need to cut global greenhouse gas emissions is nothing less than urgent. It's a daunting challenge, but the technologies and strategies to meet it exist today. A small set of energy policies, designed and implemented well, can put us on the path to a low carbon future. Energy systems are large and complex, so energy policy must be focused and cost-effective. One-size-fits-all approaches simply won't get the job done. Policymakers need a clear, comprehensive resource that outlines the energy policies that will have the biggest impact on our climate future, anddescribes how to design these policies well.Designing Climate Solutions:A Policy Guide for Low-Carbon Energy is the first such guide, bringing together the latest research and analysis around low carbon energy solutions. Written by Hal Harvey, CEO of the policy firm Energy Innovation, with Robbie Orvis and Jeffrey Rissman of Energy Innovation, Designing Climate Solutions is an accessible resource on lowering carbon emissions for policymakers, activists, philanthropists, and others in the climate and energy community. In Part I, the authors deliver a roadmap for understanding which countries, sectors, and sources produce the greatest amount of greenhouse gas emissions, and give readers the tools to select and design efficient policies for each of these sectors. In Part II, they break down each type of policy, from renewable portfolio standards to carbon pricing, offering key design principles and case studies where each policy has been implemented successfully.We don't need to wait for new technologies or strategies to create a low carbon future—and we can't afford to. Designing Climate Solutions gives professionals the tools they need to select, design, and implement the policies that can put us on the path to a livable climate future.
Designing Complex Products with Systems Engineering Processes and Techniques
by Vivek D. BhiseCompletely revised including six new chapters, this new edition presents a more comprehensive knowledge of issues facing developers of complex products and process management. It includes more tools for implementing a Systems Engineering approach to minimize the risks of delays and cost overruns and helps create the right product for its customers. Designing Complex Products with Systems Engineering Processes and Techniques, Second Edition highlights how to increase customer satisfaction, quality, safety, and usability to meet program timings and budgets using a Systems Engineering approach. It provides decision-making considerations and models for creating sustainable product design and describes many techniques and tools used in product development and the product life-cycle orientation. The book also offers techniques used in Design for Manufacturing, Design for Assembly, and product evaluation methods for verification and validation testing. Many new examples, case studies, six new chapters, and updated program and data charts held on our website are offered. The book targets practicing engineers, engineering management personnel, product designers, product planners, product and program managers in all industrialized and developing countries. In addition the book is also useful to undergraduate, graduate students, and faculty in engineering, product design, and product project and program management.
Designing Complex Products with Systems Engineering Processes and Techniques
by Vivek D. BhiseThis book looks at how to design complex products that have many components with intricate relationships and requirements. It also discusses how to manage processes involved in their lifecycle, from concept generation to disposal, with the objectives of increasing customer satisfaction, quality, safety, and usability and meeting program timings and