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The Diesel Engine (Commercial Vehicle Technology)
by Michael HilgersThe aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles.Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. This volume, The Diesel Engine, provides an initial overview of the vast topic that is the diesel engine. It offers basic information about the mechanical functioning of the engine. The integration of the engine in the vehicle and major systems such as the cooling system, the fuel system and the exhaust gas treatment system are explained so that readers in training and in a practical setting may gain an understanding of the diesel engine.
The Diesel Engine (Commercial Vehicle Technology)
by Michael Hilgers Wilfried AchenbachThe aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles.Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. This volume, The Diesel Engine, provides an initial overview of the vast topic that is the diesel engine. It offers basic information about the mechanical functioning of the engine. The integration of the engine in the vehicle and major systems such as the cooling system, the fuel system and the exhaust gas treatment system are explained so that readers in training and in a practical setting may gain an understanding of the diesel engine.
Diesel Engine Operations with Alternative Fuels
by Rafał LongwicDiesel Engine Operations with Alternative Fuels presents the results of a study that analyzes selected parameters of the combustion process in a diesel engine when fueled with alternative fuels. It discusses the use of a unique test stand consisting of a motor vehicle with a diesel engine adapted to run on different fuels: liquid and gas.Intending to carry out the process of indicating the engine and measuring exhaust gas toxicity under near real conditions, the book demonstrates the implementation of a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP test). It shares research that seeks alternative fuels to power the diesel engine, including diesel and hydrogen, rapeseed oil with n-hexane and hydrogen, rapeseed oil with n-hexane, rapeseed oil and propane-butane gas, and rapeseed oil with n-hexane and propane-butane gas.The book will interest academic researchers and graduate students studying alternative fuels, vehicle operations, and engine operations.
Diesel Technology: Fundamentals, Service, Repair (Eighth Edition)
by Andrew Norman John A. CorinchockDiesel Technology covers the design, construction, operation, diagnosis, service, and repair of both mobile and stationary diesel engines. This textbook details developments in engine control computers, fuel management systems, and emission control systems. Diesel Technology is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the service and repair of diesel engines, as well as those preparing for the ASE Medium/Heavy Truck Test T2 - Diesel Engines, Test T6 - Electrical/Electronic Systems, and Test T8 - Preventive Maintenance Inspection (PMI).
Diesel Technology: Fundamentals, Service, Repair
by Andrew Norman John A. CorinchockDiesel Technology covers the construction, operation, service, and repair of two- and four-stroke diesel engines. This textbook details developments in engine control computers, fuel management systems, and emission control systems. Content relates to on- and off-road vehicles, as well as marine, agricultural, and industrial applications. Diesel Technology is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the service and repair of diesel engines, including those preparing for the ASE Medium/Heavy Truck Test T2Diesel Engines, Test T6Electrical/Electronic Systems, and Test T8Preventive Maintenance Inspection (PMI). -Includes the latest standards for diesel engine oils, ultra-low sulfur fuel, and biodiesel fuel. -Written in a clear, logical, and interesting manner, making it easy to understand complex topics. -Contains a detailed chapter on preventive maintenance and troubleshooting.
Diet, Exercise, and Chronic Disease: The Biological Basis of Prevention
by C. Murray ArdiesExercise and diet are key factors in the etiology and prevention of chronic disease. While most books on chronic disease have a decided clinical approach, Diet, Exercise, and Chronic Disease: The Biological Basis of Prevention brings together the latest cellular- and molecular-based research on the etiology of chronic diseases and the impact of var
Diet for a Sustainable Ecosystem: The Science for Recovering the Health of the Chesapeake Bay and its People (Estuaries of the World)
by Benjamin E. CukerThis book explores a specific ecosystem in depth, in order to weave a story built on place and history. It incorporates the theme of a journey to help reveal the environment-human-health-food system-problem. While drawing on a historical approach stretching back to the American colonial era, it also incorporates more contemporary scientific findings. By crafting its story around a specific place, the book makes it easier for readers to relate to the content, and to subsequently use what they learn to better understand the role of food systems at the global scale.
Diet, Nutrients, and Bone Health
by John J.B. Anderson Sanford C. Garner Philip J. KlemmerPresenting recent advancements in research findings and the resulting new schools of thought on the physiology of human bone, this comprehensive reference examines information on dietary pattern and specific nutrients in bone health. Written by experts in the areas of nutrition, bone function, and medicine, chapters include research on a variety of
Diet Nutrition and Immunity
by R. Armour ForseThis book was written to provide a thorough overview of clinical nutrition and immunology to allow the reader to become knowledgeable in this evolving and complex area of medicine. The reader, whether a clinician, student, teacher, or researcher, will find this book comprehensive and up to date.The disease-specific chapters have been written to focus attention on novel approaches to nutrient-immune system interactions that affect specific diseases. This includes the identification of immunologic actions that can be influenced by nutrition. Specific nutrient chapters were written by experienced investigators to provide the reader with an understanding of the current role of nutrients in the immune system with both clinical and research applications. Throughout the book, the authors actively emphasize new frontiers for research and practical use of new findings in the fields of nutritional medicine and nutritional pharmacology.
Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 1
by Lan-Anh Hunter Vinood B. Patel Victor R. PreedyDiet quality is a broad term that encapsulates both perceived and actual practices, personal preferences and cultural diversity. Measuring dietary quality can be problematic and includes investigating food types, the number or size of portions or their frequency. Diet quality may also be related to the type of food being ingested, snacking and other eating habits. Manufactured beverages and fast food may also be included as well as microbiological quality and attempts to improve single food items such as meats or vegetables. In this book, Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 1 all of the major facets of diet quality in relation to health outcomes are covered. This important new text includes methods for determining diet quality while adopting a holistic approach to impart information on the major areas of concern or knowledge. Chapters link in measurable indices of health such as obesity, pregnancy outcomes, cancer and cancer outcomes, and mortality. This book represents a diverse set of subject matters and seeks to fill a gap in the literature at a time when there is an increasing awareness that well being is associated with the qualitative nature of diets. Contributors are authors of international and national standing and emerging fields of science are incorporated. Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 1 is a useful new text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians, epidemiologist, policy makers and health care professionals of various disciplines.
Dietary AGEs and Their Role in Health and Disease
by Jaime UribarriOf the many dietary factors associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, a specific group are food-derived pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant compounds, so-called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). While AGEs have been recognized as factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, the importance of AGEs of dietary origin as a factor in human disease is of more recent concern. This book presents data from the past two decades on the role of AGEs in causing chronic disease. It starts by defining the compounds passing through all the clinical diseases that have been associated with them and finishes by offering different therapeutic options to deal with the problem.
Dietary Fiber and Health
by Susan S. Cho Nelson AlmeidaAdequate fiber in the diet is essential for maintaining gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health and for weight management and glycemic control. But a majority of people in developed countries fall short of their recommended daily intake. Designed for product developers, nutritionists, dietitians, and regulatory agencies, Dietary Fiber and Health
Dietary Fibre Functionality in Food and Nutraceuticals: From Plant to Gut
by B. Dave Oomah Farah Hosseinian Rocio Campos-VegaIncreasing fiber consumption can address, and even reverse the progression of pre-diabetes and other associated non-communicable diseases. Understanding the link between plant dietary fiber and gut health is a small step in reducing the heavy economic burden of metabolic disease risks for public health. This book provides an overview of the occurence, significance and factors affecting dietary fiber in plant foods in order to critically evaluate them with particular emphasis on evidence for their beneficial health effects.
Dietary Lipids for Healthy Brain Function
by Claude LerayOur brain is recognized by all specialists as the most complex entity created in nature. Regarding the extraordinary capacities of its functioning, still incompletely known, the control of the brain by our dietary lipids may seem very improbable to many people. Yet, research has shown that an imbalance in the intake of essential fatty acids is related to conditions as prevalent as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Research on psychological disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, aggressiveness and suicidal behavior are discussed in this text. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis are also explored. Several observations prove that not only are omega-3 fatty acids actively involved in maintaining the noble functions of our brain, but other lipids, including cholesterol, liposoluble vitamins (A, D and E) and some carotenoids play roles as well and are presented in this book. Dietary Lipids for Healthy Brain Function focuses on this important research for human health. This book brings readers, doctors, dietitians and nutritionists arguments that could improve brain development in young people, prevent many nervous diseases and slow down the age-related decline of higher brain functions. This book provides helpful information to improve health in the young as well in the old, using practical and personalized recommendations for preventing and treating nervous pathologies. Features: • Focuses on the importance of dietary lipids on the proper brain functioning. • Provides relevant references demonstrating the efficiency of dietary lipids to maintain a healthy brain. • Introduces lipid sources and describes their roles by lipid groups in behavior issues and various chronic nervous diseases.
Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health
by Cheng-Sheng LeeFish nutrition can be the deciding factor between a robust and healthy farmed fish population and low aquaculture production. In an age where chemicals and antibiotics are under greater scrutiny than ever, a strong understanding of the role of nutrients and feed additives is essential in the aquaculture industry. Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health is a comprehensive review of dietary nutrients, antinutritional factors and toxins, and non-nutrient dietary additives, and their effects on fish performance and immune system function, as well as overall health. The book opens with an overview of fish immune systems and health. Subsequent chapters delve into proteins and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, beta glucans, vitamins, minerals, antinutrients, mycotoxins, nucleotides, prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and their salts, and plant extracts and their impacts on fish health, growth, and development. The text then concludes with a chapter on feeding practices. Authored by leaders in aquaculture, Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health will be an invaluable resource to graduate students, researchers and professionals alike.
Dietary Patterns, Food Chemistry and Human Health (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Suresh D. Sharma Michele BaroneThis brief discusses the influence of modern food production on dietary patterns and chronic diseases. In four concise chapters the authors explore different aspects of this topical issue. Chapter one highlights the importance of advanced glycation end products in food and describes how high levels of these complex molecules can lead to an increase in chronic diseases. Chapter two addresses the role of carbohydrates in inexpensive and tasty foods, while chapter three outlines how vegetable fats, notably palm oil, are used in selected industrial foods and explores their relation to hyper-palatability and other health issues. Lastly, the fourth chapter discusses the increasing demand for high-protein foods and the concomitant availability of vegan products. This brief is of interest to researchers in food production, food hygiene and public health, but is also relevant for certification bodies and specialists in the food industry.
Dietary Phosphorus: Health, Nutrition, and Regulatory Aspects
by Jaime Uribarri Mona S. CalvoPhosphorus is an essential nutrient that occurs in almost all foods and is important for many normal physiological functions. In a typical Western diet, it is not harmful, but does adversely affect tissues in the body when consumed in excess or deficiency. This book provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of phosphorus in relation to human nutritional needs. Sections cover phosphorus nutrition and dietary issues; health risks associated with excess phosphorus intake that exceeds requirements; phosphorus intake in populations at risk; regulatory challenges and policy approaches; and environmental impacts of phosphates in the modern food supply. This book challenges the long held ideas that high dietary phosphorus intake beyond nutritional requirements is safe and the natural supply of phosphorus critical to agricultural and human food production is endless. Controversy surrounds the claim that largely unrestricted use of phosphorus in all aspects of food production from farm to fork increases dietary phosphorus intake and irretrievable environmental loss, both of which harm human and environmental health. The book editors have joined together experts in basic, medical, environmental, nutritional, and food science to explore the validity of these claims of harm from high intakes and the unchecked use of phosphorus in the global food supply. Despite the essential need for adequate phosphorus over all stages of plant, animal and human life, the growing evidence points to a worldwide increase in dietary phosphorus intake far beyond nutrient requirements, significant association with chronic disease risk even when renal function is not compromised, and the increase in environmental loss with crop run-off, animal husbandry, and unretrieved phosphorus from human waste. This current evidence alludes to a depleted, unsustainable natural supply of phosphorus, hazardous environmental pollution of lakes and waterways, and significant increases in the risk of kidney, skeletal, and other serious illnesses in humans in the future if action is not taken now.
Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes
by Chukwuebuka Egbuna Sadia HassanThis book presents comprehensive coverage on the importance of good nutrition in the treatment and management of obesity, cancer and diabetes. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds are ubiquitous in most dietary plants available to humans and provide opportunities for the management of diseases. The text provides information about the major causes of these diseases and their association with nutrition. The text also covers the role of dietary phytochemicals in drug development and their pathways. Later chapters emphasize novel bioactive compounds as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-obesity agents and describe their mechanisms to regulate cell metabolism. Written by global team of experts, Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes describes the potentials of novel phytochemicals, their sources, and underlying mechanism of action. The chapters were drawn systematically and incorporated sequentially to facilitate proper understanding. This book is intended for nutritionists, physicians, medicinal chemists, drug developers in research and development, postgraduate students and scientists in area of nutrition and life sciences.
Dietary Phytochemicals and Microbes
by Amlan K. PatraHumans have utilized the bioactive principles of different plants for various beneficial physiological properties including antimicrobial properties for many centuries. However, interests of using medicinal plants declined in the 20th century with the availability of effective synthetic antimicrobial drugs. The development of microbial resistance to various drugs has accelerated research interests towards the use of phytochemicals as alternatives to synthetic drugs in the recent years. This book presents an comprehensive reviews on the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of numerous recently reported phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of antimicrobial actions. Some of the chapters have critically discussed the beneficial and adverse effects of antibacterial, and stimulatory activities of dietary phytochemicals on rumen microbial populations, and gut microbial populations of humans and animals. Microbial adaptation and resistance of microbes to phytochemicals has also been highlighted. On the applied apects, the use of phytochemicals against drug resistance microbes, to treat microbial diseases, for food preservation, to inhibit methanogenic archaea in the rumen, and to modulate lipid biohydrogenating microbial populations to increase conjugated linoleic acids in animal-derived foods have been presented in different chapters.
Dietary Polyphenols: Metabolism and Health Effects (Institute of Food Technologists Series)
by Francisco A Tomás-BarberánPresents recent research on metabolism and the health effects of polyphenols Consumer interest in the health benefits of many phenolic compounds found in plant foods and derivatives has grown considerably in recent years, giving rise to an increased demand for functional foods. Although preclinical and observational studies have promoted the protective properties of polyphenols for a range of chronic diseases, evidence has shown that most dietary polyphenols have little bioavailability. Once ingested, most of them are metabolized by either the intestinal enzymes or by the gut microbiota and then undergo extensive phase-II metabolism reaching significant concentrations of conjugated metabolites. They remain in the systemic circulation and target systemic tissues where trigger biological effects. The polyphenol-derived metabolites produced in humans are dependent upon the composition of the gut microbiota and the subject genetics. Thus all the metabolites do not show the same biological activity in different individuals. To fully understand the health effects of polyphenols, further clinical investigations are required. Dietary Polyphenols describes the latest findings on the polyphenol metabolism and reviews the current evidence on their health effects and that of their bioavailable metabolites. Emphasizing the importance of interindividual variability and the critical role of gut microbiota, this authoritative volume features contributions from recognized experts in the field, exploring specific families of extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds that exhibit potential health effects. Topics include structural diversity of polyphenols and distribution in foods, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of phenolics, metabolism, and gastrointestinal absorption of various metabolites and their health effects. This comprehensive volume: Discusses the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, pharmacokinetics studies, and microbial metabolism of different groups of phenolic compounds Examines the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota Describes analytical methods for identifying and quantifying polyphenols in foods and biological samples Reviews recent epidemiological and clinical intervention studies showing protective effects of polyphenols Dietary Polyphenols: Metabolism and Health Effects is an important resource for scientists working in the area of dietary polyphenols and health effects, microbiota, and their interaction with other nutritional compounds, and for health professionals, nutritionists, dieticians, and clinical researchers with interest in the role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
Dietary Protein and Resistance Exercise
by Lonnie Michael Lowery Jose AntonioDietary supplement companies and the food industry spend millions to reach resistance trainers-often with exaggerated marketing messages-while health practitioners continue to counsel athletes that their interest in protein is misguided and even dangerous. There appears to be a disconnect between scientists and almost everyone else in sports nutrit
Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis
by G. DebryDietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis provides a thorough review of the role of proteins in the development of atherosclerosis. The author reviews early research connections between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease caused by the build-up of plaque in arteries and examines other factors that contribute to atherosclerosis, such as infection and
Dietary Sugars and Health
by Michael I. Goran Luc Tappy Kim-Anne LêSugar consumption is suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, and some forms of cancers. Dietary sugars-fructose in particular-also have a potential role in obesity and metabolic diseases.Dietary Sugars and Health presents all aspects of dietary sugars as they relate to heal
Dietary Supplements in Health Promotion
by Taylor C. WallaceThe supplement market continues to grow annually with more than half of the population using these products for reasons spanning from health maintenance to disease prevention and/or treatment. Dietary Supplements in Health Promotion presents clear and concise evidence on how dietary supplements may contribute to maintaining health status. The book
Dietary Supplements of Plant Origin: A Nutrition and Health Approach
by Massimo MaffeiDietary supplements are estimated to be used regularly by almost 60% of the American population, and over 300 million people worldwide. An important and ever-growing portion of this market is in botanical supplements that are derived from natural plants. Natural, however, does not necessarily mean safe, and although plants can provide health-essent