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Differentiated Science Inquiry
by Douglas J. LlewellynIgnite science learning with differentiated instruction One type of science instruction does not fit all. Best-selling author Douglas Llewellyn gives teachers standards-based strategies for differentiating science education to more effectively meet the needs of all students. This book takes the concept of inquiry-based science instruction to a deeper level, includes a compelling case study, and demonstrates: Methods for determining when and how to provide students with more choices, thereby increasing their ownership and motivation Ways to implement differentiated science inquiry in the main areas of science instruction Strategies for successfully managing the classroom
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades 6-8)
by Laurie E. WestphalThe best-selling Differentiating Instruction With Menus series has helped teachers nationwide differentiate instruction for their high-ability learners with easy-to-use menus and exciting tools to challenge and reach gifted and advanced students in the classroom. Each book includes an updated, student-friendly rubric that can assess different types of products, free choice proposal forms to encourage independent study, and new and favorite challenging menus to meet the needs of these diverse higher level learners. Readers will also be able to save time by using updated guidelines that reflect changes in technology for each of the products included in the menus and find direct alignment with standards approved in recent years. Topics addressed in Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades 6-8, 2nd ed.) include process skills, physical sciences, life sciences, and Earth and space sciences.Grades 6-8
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Biology (Grades 9-12)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus: Biology offers teachers everything needed to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book presents six different types of menus that students can use to select exciting advanced-level products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned, instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include biology basics, biodiversity and environments, genetics, human body systems, and the different phyla typically included in the biology curriculum. Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Biology contains attractive reproducible menus, each based on the levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy as well as incorporating different learning styles. These menus can be used to guide students in making decisions as to which products they will develop after studying a major concept or unit.Grades 9-12
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades 3-5)
by Laurie E. WestphalThe best-selling Differentiating Instruction With Menus series has helped teachers nationwide differentiate instruction for their high-ability learners with easy-to-use menus and exciting tools to challenge and reach gifted and advanced students in the classroom. Each book includes an updated, student-friendly rubric that can assess different types of products, free choice proposal forms to encourage independent study, and new and favorite challenging menus to meet the needs of these diverse higher level learners. Readers will also be able to save time by using updated guidelines that reflect changes in technology for each of the products included in the menus and find direct alignment with standards approved in recent years. Topics addressed in Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades 3-5, 2nd ed.) include physical science, biological science, Earth science, and scientists and the tools they use.Grades 3-5
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades K-2)
by Laurie E. WestphalThe Differentiating Instruction With Menus series offers teachers exciting tools to challenge and reach both gifted and advanced students in the classroom. Whether these students need enrichment, choice in independent practice, or even additional academic options resulting from curriculum compacting, these books provide teachers a complete ready-to-use resource. Each book includes a rubric that can assess different types of products, free choice proposal forms to encourage independent study, specific guidelines for each of the products included in the menus to save the teacher time, and challenging menus to meet the needs of these diverse higher level learners.Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science (Grades K-2) contains attractive reproducible menus, based on the levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy, that students can use as a guide when making decisions about which products they will develop after they study a major concept or unit. Topics addressed include life science, Earth science, and physical science.The products included on the menu are carefully selected from various learning styles to build students' excitement and so that teachers can more accurately assess the depth of what has been learned. Using creative and challenging choices found in Three-Shape Menus, Tic-Tac-Toe Menus, Meal Menus, Give Me Five Menus, 2-5-8 Menus, and List Menus, students will look forward to sharing their newfound knowledge throughout the year!Grades K-2
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Chemistry (Grades 9-12)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus: Chemistry offers teachers everything needed to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book uses different types of menus that students can use to select exciting advanced-level products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned—instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include chemistry basics, measurements, atoms, chemical bonding and reactions, gas laws, energy, acids and bases, and nuclear and organic chemistry. Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Chemistry contains attractive reproducible menus, each based on the levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy as well as incorporating different learning styles. These menus can be used to guide students in making decisions as to which products they will develop after studying a major concept or unit.Grades 9-12
Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades 3-5)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades 3-5 offers teachers everything they need to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book provides six different types of menus that students can use to select exciting products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned—instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include physical science, biological science, Earth science, and tools scientists use.Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science provides numerous types of leveled menus that lower and on-level elementary-aged students can use to demonstrate learning through a method of their choice. Menus with similar formats but geared towards varying ability levels allow teachers to differentiate easily. Using the creative and challenging choices found in Tic-Tac-Toe menus, List menus, 2-5-8 menus, Three Shape menus, Baseball menus, and Game Show menus, students will look forward to sharing their newfound knowledge throughout the year. Also included are specific guidelines for products, rubrics for assessing student products, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. This is a must-have for any teacher wanting to differentiate for a wide range of learners!Grades 3-5
Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades 6-8)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades 6-8 offers teachers who have multiple ability levels in one classroom everything they need to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. For each topic covered, there are two menus that look similar but contain differentiated content: one menu for students working on grade level and the other for students working below grade level. Using the creative, challenging choices found in Tic-Tac-Toe menus, List menus, 2-5-8 menus, and Game Show menus, students will demonstrate their knowledge with unique, exciting products. Also included are specific guidelines for products, assessment rubrics, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. These menus can also be used in conjunction with the Differentiating Instruction With Menus series (for students working above grade level) for three tiers of complementary menus.Grades 6-8
Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science (Grades K-2)
by Laurie E. WestphalDifferentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science for grades K-2 offers teachers everything needed to create a student-centered learning environment based on choice. This book provides seven different types of menus that students can use to select exciting products that they will develop so teachers can assess what has been learned instead of using a traditional worksheet format. Topics addressed include life sciences, Earth sciences, and physical sciences. Differentiating Instruction With Menus for the Inclusive Classroom: Science provides numerous types of leveled menus that lower and on-level primary-age students can use to select exciting products to demonstrate learning. Menus with similar formats but geared toward varying ability levels allow teachers to differentiate easily. Using the creative and challenging choices found in Meal menus, Tic-Tac-Toe menus, Target-Based List menus, 2-5-8 menus, Give Me 5 menus, Three-Shape menus, and Pick 3 menus, students will look forward to sharing their newfound knowledge throughout the year. Also included are specific guidelines for products, rubrics for assessing student products, and teacher introduction pages for each menu. This is a must-have for any teacher wanting to differentiate for a wide range of learners!Grades K-2
Differentiating Science Instruction and Assessment for Learners With Special Needs, K–8
by Kevin D. Finson Christine K. Ormsbee Mary M. JensenField-tested strategies for teaching science to students with special needs This timely, practical guidebook shows general and special educators how to retool science activities and assessments for students with special needs. The authors cover a broad range of topics in an orderly, concise fashion, including: National and state requirements for science learning Pedagogical strategies for collaborative learning groups, individual contracts, self-paced learning centers, literature circles, and team projects Grade-appropriate ways to revise science activities and assessments Step-by-step instructions for using rubrics for evaluation, revision, and assessment Information on teacher collaboration and specific disabilities
Differentiation and Integration (500 Tips)
by W. BoltonThis book is concerned with the principles of differentiation and integration. The principles are then applied to solve engineering problems. A familiarity with basic algebra and a basic knowledge of common functions, such as polynomials, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic is assumed but reference material on these is included in an appendix.
Diffraction Gratings and Applications (Optical Science and Engineering)
by Erwin G. Loewen Evgeny Popov"Offers and up-to-date assessment of the entire field of diffraction gratings, including history, physics, manufacture, testing, and instrument design. Furnishes--for the first time in a single-source reference--a thorough review of efficiency behavior, examining echelles as well as concave, binary, transmission, fiber, and waveguide gratings."
Diffraction Optics of Complex-Structured Periodic Media: Localized Optical Modes of Spiral Media (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #203)
by Vladimir BelyakovThis book presents recent theoretical and experimental results of localized optical modes and low-threshold lasing in spiral photonic media. Efficient applications of localized modes for low-threshold lasing at the frequencies of localized modes are a central topic of the book's new chapters. Attention is paid to the analytical approach to the problem. The book focuses on one of the most extensively studied media in this field, cholesteric liquid crystals. The chosen model, in the absence of dielectric interfaces, allows to remove the problem of polarization mixing at surfaces, layers and defect structures. It allows to reduce the corresponding equations to the equations for light of diffracting polarization only. The problem concentrates then on the edge and defect optical modes. The possibility to reduce the lasing threshold due to an anomalously strong absorption effect is presented theoretically for distributed feedback lasing. It is shown that a minimum of the threshold-pumping wave intensity can be reached for the pumping wave frequency coinciding with the localized mode frequency (what can be reached for a pumping wave propagating at a certain angle to the helical axes). Analytic expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. In the present second edition, experimental observations of theoretically revealed phenomena in spiral photonic media are discussed. The main results obtained for spiral media are qualitatively valid for photonic crystals of any nature and therefore may be applied as a guide to investigations of other photonic crystals where the corresponding theory is more complicated and demands a numerical approach. It is demonstrated that many optical phenomena occurring at the frequencies of localized modes reveal unusual properties which can be used for efficient applications of the corresponding phenomena, efficient frequency conversion and low threshold lasing, e.g. For the convenience of the reader, an introduction is given to conventional linear and nonlinear optics of structured periodic media. This book is valuable to researchers, postgraduate, and graduate students active in theoretical and experimental physics in the field of interaction of radiation with condensed matter.
Diffractional Optics of Millimetre Waves
by I.V. Minin O.V. MininDiffractional Optics of Millimetre Waves combines those elements of diffraction theory normally associated with optics, including Gaussian beams, lenses, and mirrors, and extends them into the micro- and millimetre wavelength range. In this regime there are a number of applications in devices, such as automobile proximity sensors, satellite-TV receiving antennae, and non-destructive testing systems. Researchers working in these areas would benefit from greater understanding of the diffraction phenomena involved. A translated and updated version of the authors' book Diffraction Quasioptics, this book will present results formerly unavailable in the general literature.
Diffractive Image Microscopy for 3D Imaging (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Liang-Chia Chen Guo-Wei Wu Sanjeev Kumar Singh Wei-Hsin CheinThis book presents a unique methodology of precious and original scientific work in optical microscopy that is scarce to be found elsewhere. It covers modern 3D optical microscopy to provide a solid understanding of microscopic optics and imaging theory. With an inspiring development in diffractive image microscopy and ANN-based reverse mapping modeling, this is an invaluable book for precision optics, precision metrology, optical testing, biomedical engineering, and physics students or staff taking R&D on optical microscopy, as well as advanced undergraduates, professionals, and researchers looking for an accessible introduction to the field.
Diffractive Nanophotonics
by Victor A SoiferDiffractive Nanophotonics demonstrates the utility of the well-established methods of diffractive computer optics in solving nanophotonics tasks. It is concerned with peculiar properties of laser light diffraction by microoptics elements with nanoscale features and light confinement in subwavelength space regions. Written by recognized experts in t
Diffractive Optics and Nanophotonics
by Igor Minin Oleg MininIn this book the authors present several examples of techniques used to overcome the Abby diffraction limit using flat and 3D diffractive optical elements, photonic crystal lenses, photonic jets, and surface plasmon diffractive optics. The structures discussed can be used in the microwave and THz range and also as scaled models for optical frequencies. Such nano-optical microlenses can be integrated, for example, into existing semiconductor heterostructure platforms for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Chapter 1 considers flat diffractive lenses and innovative 3D radiating structures including a conical millimeter-wave Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens proposed for subwavelength focusing. In chapter 2 the subwavelength focusing properties of diffractive photonic crystal lenses are considered and it is shown that at least three different types of photonic crystal lens are possible. With the aim of achieving subwavelength focusing, in chapter 3 an alternative mechanism to produce photonic jets at Terahertz frequencies (terajets) using 3D dielectric particles of arbitrary size (cuboids) is considered. A scheme to create a 2D "teraknife" using dielectric rods is also discussed. In the final chapter the successful adaptation of free-space 3D binary phase-reversal conical FZPs for operation on surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves demonstrates that analogues of Fourier diffractive components can be developed for in-plane SPP 3D optics. Review ing theory, modelling and experiment, this book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers working on nanophotonics and sub-wavelength focusing and imaging.
Diffractive Optics and Nanophotonics
by V. A. SoiferDiffractive Optics and Nanophotonics is devoted to achievements in diffractive optics, focusing on the creation of new nanophotonic components and devices, as well as instrumentation and available information technology. The author describes methods of calculation of diffractive optical elements to solve actual problems of nanophotonics. Coverage includes mathematical methods for calculation of diffraction gratings, calculation of modes of inhomogeneous waveguides, integral methods of calculation of electromagnetic field near the focus, and methods of calculation of diffractive optical elements generating vortex laser beams.
Diffractive Optics for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells
by Christian Stefano SchusterThis thesis introduces a figure of merit for light trapping with photonic nanostructures and shows how different light trapping methods compare, irrespective of material, absorber thickness or type of nanostructure. It provides an overview of the essential aspects of light trapping, offering a solid basis for future designs. Light trapping with photonic nanostructures is a powerful method of increasing the absorption in thin film solar cells. Many light trapping methods have been studied, but to date there has been no comprehensive figure of merit to compare these different methods quantitatively. This comparison allows us to establish important design rules for highly performing structures; one such rule is the structuring of the absorber layer from both sides, for which the authors introduce a novel and simple layer-transfer technique. A closely related issue is the question of plasmonic vs. dielectric nanostructures; the authors present an experimental demonstration, aided by a detailed theoretical assessment, highlighting the importance of considering the multipass nature of light trapping in a thin film, which is an essential effect that has been neglected in previous work and which allows us to quantify the parasitic losses.
Diffuse Pollution of Water Resources: Principles and Case Studies in the Southern African Region
by Roumiana HranovaDiffuse pollution of water resources has a multi-disciplinary dimension and the measures to prevent and control it are closely inter-related to the development patterns and societal habits of the region. This book aims to bridge the gaps between different specialists working in the field and to present an integrated approach for the solution of dif
Diffusion and Mass Transfer
by James S. Vrentas Christine M. VrentasA proper understanding of diffusion and mass transfer theory is critical for obtaining correct solutions to many transport problems. Diffusion and Mass Transfer presents a comprehensive summary of the theoretical aspects of diffusion and mass transfer and applies that theory to obtain detailed solutions for a large number of important problems. Par
Diffusion-Driven Wavelet Design for Shape Analysis
by Hong Qin Tingbo HouFrom Design Methods and Generation Schemes to State-of-the-Art ApplicationsWavelets are powerful tools for functional analysis and geometry processing, enabling researchers to determine the structure of data and analyze 3D shapes. Suitable for researchers in computer graphics, computer vision, visualization, medical imaging, and geometric modeling
Diffusion in the Iron Group L12 and B2 Intermetallic Compounds
by Joshua PellegThis book explores diffusion in L12 and B2 structures of Ni3Al, Ni3Ge, Ni3Ga and NiAl, NiGe and NiGa and discusses Fe- and Co-based alloys in detail. These alloys of the VIIIA group elements are the basis of intermetallic compounds known as "super alloys," which are important in many technological high-temperature structural applications to improve mechanical strength properties such as creep. Knowledge of diffusion behavior of intermetallic solids is critical, in particular in high temperature applications of material. Development of high temperature alloys depends on the understanding of diffusion in the aforementioned compounds. Therefore, this comprehensive book on diffusion in the iron group (VIIIA) based intermetallic compounds will be of interest to students, lecturers and researchers. For engineers working in the aircraft industry, this book will prove invaluable as it contains fundamental up to date information and basic knowledge on materials of their interest.
Diffusion Models of Environmental Transport
by Bruce Choy Danny D. ReibleFate and transport models are critical components in the determination of the exposure to and risk from hazardous contaminants. Analytical models are preferable because they are generally more accessible, more reliable, and require fewer computational resources. Surprisingly, until today, only a limited number of analytical models have been accessible in the literature.Now, there is Diffusion Models of Environmental Transport, which provides more than 40 analytical models of diffusion and advective-diffusion in one, two, and three layer systems, subject to a wide range of boundary and initial conditions. This text illustrates applications to contaminant transport in sediments and soils, including porewater and vapor transport, and also provides Mathcad spreadsheets to aid in the use of these models.The authors supply complete details of the solutions to the models for those who wish for a deeper understanding. For others, who do not have the time or the need, the solutions themselves are ready to be picked up and used. Reible and Choy use their 20-plus years of cumulative experience to create a thorough exploration of fate and transport models. This comprehensive text furnishes an invaluable reference for students and environmental professionals.
Diffusion of Chloride in Concrete: Theory and Application
by E. PoulsenThis is a comprehensive and rigorous presentation on chloride ingress in concrete, drawing on test results and field observations as well as mathematical principles. It is written for practising engineers and is also a useful reference for engineering students.