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Electrochemical Water Electrolysis: Fundamentals and Technologies (Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion)
by Lei Zhang Jiujun Zhang Xueliang Sun David P. Wilkinson Hongbin ZhaoThis book comprehensively describes the fundamentals of electrochemical water electrolysis as well as the latest materials and technological developments. It addresses a variety of topics such as electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. It also includes an understanding of how materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis have developed in recent years, and it describes the progress in improving performance and providing benefits to energy systems and applications. Features the most recent advances in electrochemical water electrolysis to produce hydrogen Discusses cutting-edge materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis Includes both experimental and theoretical approaches that can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technological development for electrochemical water electrolysis Comprises work from international leading scientists active in electrochemical energy and environmental research and development Provides invaluable information that will benefit readers from both academia and industry With contributions from researchers at the top of their fields, the book includes in-depth discussions covering the engineering of components and applied devices, making this an essential read for scientists and engineers working in the development of electrochemical energy devices and related disciplines.
Electrochemical Water Processing: A Compendium Of Analyses And Laboratory Notes Based Upon R&d In Electrochemical Energy Systems Technology
by Ralph ZitoEven though most of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, most of it is not directly usable for human consumption or applications. As the population increases and our general style of living standards increase, the importance useable water is becoming acute. This book addresses this issue with approaches to treating water sources that require removal of unwanted or dissolved substances. In particular, it covers various methods for removing dissolved ionic materials. There are numerous methods for accomplishing this end, and the book reviews most of them in some depth.
Electrochemical Water Splitting: Fundamentals, Challenges and Advances (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by Yousef Haik Tanveer ul HaqThis book provides a comprehensive platform for the research, scientific and educational communities working on electrocatalysis. It covers water electrolysis from different fields of catalysis research, deals with the fundamentals and critically discusses the precise and correct use of evaluating parameters and their calculation for a fair evaluation. Readers find an analysis to probe the origin of different bottlenecks in water electrolysis and scientific methods to enhance the electrode selectivity with high intrinsic activity, effective mass and electron transfer ability, abundant active sites with super hydrophilicity-aerophobicity characteristics and structural, mechanical and chemical stability with high corrosion resistance.
Electrochemically Assisted Remediation of Contaminated Soils: Fundamentals, Technologies, Combined Processes and Pre-Pilot and Scale-Up Applications (Environmental Pollution #30)
by M. A. Rodrigo E. V. Dos SantosThis book provides an overview of the current development status of remediation technologies involving electrochemical processes, which are used to clean up soils that are contaminated with different types of contaminants (organics, inorganics, metalloids and radioactive). Written by internationally recognized experts, it comprises 21 chapters describing the characteristics and theoretical foundations of various electrochemical applications of soil remediation. The book’s opening section discusses the fundamental properties and characteristics of the soil, which are essential to understand the processes that can most effectively remove organic and inorganic compounds. This part also focuses on the primary processes that contribute to the application of electrochemically assisted remediation, hydrodynamic aspects and kinetics of contaminants in the soil. It also reviews the techniques that have been developed for the treatment of contaminated soils using electrochemistry, and discusses different strategies used to enhance performance, the type of electrode and electrolyte, and the most important operating conditions. In turn, the book’s second part deals with practical applications of technologies related to the separation of pollutants from soil. Special emphasis is given to the characteristics of these technologies regarding transport of the contaminants and soil toxicity after treatment. The third part is dedicated to new technologies, including electrokinetic remediation and hybrid approaches, for the treatment of emerging contaminants by ex-situ and in-situ production of strong oxidant species used for soil remediation. It also discusses pre-pilot scale for soil treatment and the use of solar photovoltaic panels as an energy source for powering electrochemical systems, which can reduce both the investment and maintenance costs of electrochemically assisted processes.
Electrochemically Enabled Sustainability: Devices, Materials and Mechanisms for Energy Conversion
by Kwong-Yu Chan Chi-Ying Vanessa LiWith contributions from leading researchers in their fields, this book provides an overview of the most important electrochemical power sources in development today. Focusing on materials, design, and performance, the text presents the most recent and innovative technologies employed in battery and fuel cell technologies. Topics include acid-alkaline batteries, microbial fuel cells, lithium batteries, lead acid batteries, ultracapacitors, vanadium flow batteries, and carbon dioxide electroreduction. The book discusses the advantages of these cells over conventional methodologies, and their future applications.
Electrochemically Engineered Nanoporous Materials
by Dusan Losic Abel SantosThis book provides in-depth knowledge about the fabrications, structures, properties and applications of three outstanding electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials including porous silicon, nanoporous alumina and nanotubular titania. The book integrates three major themes describing these materials. The first theme is on porous silicon reviewing the methods for preparation by electrochemical etching, properties and methods for surface functionalization relevant for biosensing applications. Biomedical applications of porous silicon are major focus, described in several chapters reviewing recent developments on bioanalysis, emerging capture probes and drug delivery. The second theme on nanoporous alumina starts with describing the concept of self-organized electrochemical process used for synthesis nanopore and nanotube structures of valve metal oxides and reviewing recent development and progress on this field. The following chapters are focused mainly on optical properties and biosensing application of nanoporous alumina providing the reader with the depth of understanding of the structure controlled optical and photonic properties and design of optical biosensing devices using different detection principles such as photoluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, reflective spectrometry, wave guiding, Raman scattering etc. The third theme is focused on nanotubular titania reviewing three key applications including photocatalysis, solar cells and drug delivery. The book represents an important resource for academics, researchers, industry professionals, post-graduate and high-level undergraduate students providing them with both an overview of the current state-of-the-art on these materials and their future developments.
Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale
by Patrik Schmuki Sannakaisa VirtanenFor centuries, electrochemistry has played a key role in technologically important areas such as electroplating or corrosion. In recent decades, electrochemical methods are receiving increasing attention in important strongly growing fields of science and technology such as nanosciences (nanoelectrochemistry) and life-sciences (organic and biological electrochemistry). Characterization, modification and understanding of various electrochemical interfaces or electrochemical processes at the nanoscale, has led to a huge increase of the scientific interest in electrochemical mechanisms as well as of application of electrochemical methods in novel technologies. This book presents exciting emerging scientific and technological aspects of the introduction of the nanodimension in electrochemical approaches are presented in 12 chapters/subchapters.
Electrochemistry Crash Course for Engineers
by Slobodan PetrovicThis book is a concise introductory guide to understanding the foundations of electrochemistry. By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the author explains in simple language an otherwise complex subject that can be difficult to master for most. It provides readers with an understanding of important electrochemical processes and practical industrial applications, such as electrolysis processes, metal electrowinning, corrosion and analytical applications, and galvanic cells such as batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This powerful tutorial is a great resource for students, engineers, technicians, and other busy professionals who need to quickly acquire a solid understanding of the science of electrochemistry.
Electrochemistry for the Environment
by Christos Comninellis Guohua ChenThe book starts with the fundamentals of environmental electrochemistry, introducing the basic techniques in selecting and fabricating electrode materials, followed by a theoretical analysis of the electrochemical processes, green electrochemical operation, discussion of electrochemical technologies in water treatment, and then examination of the established wastewater treatment technologies such as electrochemical reactors for metal recovery, electrocoagulation, electroflotation and electrooxidation. Emerging technologies such as electrophotooxidation, electro disinfection, and electrochemical technologies in sludge and soil treatment will also be analyzed. This book will be an excellent reference for young researchers starting new research programs and also for industrialists who wish to appreciate the technologies.
Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets
by Fritz Scholz Uwe Schröder Rubin Gulaboski Antonio Doménech-CarbóThis second edition of a successful and highly-accessed monograph has been extended by more than 100 pages. It includes an enlarged coverage of applications for materials characterization and analysis. Also a more detailed description of strategies for determining free energies of ion transfer between miscible liquids is provided. This is now possible with a "third-phase strategy" which the authors explain from theoretical and practical points of view. The book is still the only one detailing strategies for solid state electroanalysis. It also features the specific potential of the techniques to use immobilized particles (for studies of solid materials) and of immobilized droplets of immiscible liquids for the purpose of studying the three-phase electrochemistry of these liquids. This also includes studies of ion transfer between aqueous and immiscible non-aqueous liquids. The bibliography of all published papers in this field of research has been expanded from 318 to now 444 references in this second edition. Not only are pertinent references provided at the end of each chapter, but the complete list of the cited literature is also offered as a separate chapter for easy reference.
Electrochemistry of Insertion Materials for Hydrogen and Lithium
by Joo-Young Go Su-Il Pyun Jong-Won Lee Heon-Cheol ShinThe understanding of hydrogen/lithium insertion phenomena is of great importance for the development of the next generation of functional electrochemical devices such as rechargeable batteries, electrochromic devices, and fuel cells. This volume introduces a variety of viable electrochemical methods to identify reaction mechanisms and evaluate relevant kinetic properties of insertion electrodes. The authors also outline various ways to analyze anomalous behaviour of hydrogen/lithium transport through insertion electrodes.
Electrochemistry of Metal Chalcogenides
by Mirtat BouroushianThe author provides a unified account of the electrochemical material science of metal chalcogenide (MCh) compounds and alloys with regard to their synthesis, processing and applications. Starting with the chemical fundamentals of the chalcogens and their major compounds, the initial part of the book includes a systematic description of the MCh solids on the basis of the Periodic Table in terms of their structures and key properties. This is followed by a general discussion on the electrochemistry of chalcogen species, and the principles underlying the electrochemical formation of inorganic compounds/alloys. The core of the book offers an insight into available experimental results and inferences regarding the electrochemical preparation and microstructural control of conventional and novel MCh structures. It also aims to survey their photoelectrochemistry, both from a material-oriented point of view and as connected to specific processes such as photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Finally, the book illustrates the relevance of MCh materials to various applications of electrochemical interest such as (electro)catalysis in fuel cells, energy storage with intercalation electrodes, and ion sensing.
Electrochemistry of Porous Materials
by Antonio Doménech CarbóElectrochemistry of Porous Materials describes essential theoretical aspects of the electrochemistry of nanostructured materials and primary applications, incorporating the advances in the field in the last ten years including recent theoretical formulations and the incorporation of novel materials. Concentrating on nanostructured micro- and mesoporous materials, the highly anticipated Second Edition offers a more focused and practical analysis of key porous materials considered relatively homogeneous from an electrochemical point of view. The author details the use of electrochemical methods in materials science for characterization and their applications in the fields of analysis, energy production and storage, environmental remediation, and the biomedical arena. Additional features include: Incorporates new theoretical advances in the voltammetry of porous materials and multiphase porous electrochemistry. Includes new developments in sensing, energy production and storage, degradation of pollutants, desalination and drug release. Describes redox processes for different porous materials, assessing their electrochemical applications. Written at an accessible and understandable level for researchers and graduate students working in the field of material chemistry. Selective and streamlined, Electrochemistry of Porous Materials, Second Edition culls a wide range of relevant and practically useful material from the extensive literature on the subject, making it an invaluable reference for readers of all levels of understanding.
Electrochromic Materials and Devices
by Roger J. Mortimer David R. Rosseinsky Paul M. S. MonkElectrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.
Electrodeposition
by Stojan S. DjokicIn the past few decades, research in the science of electrodeposition of metals has shown the important practical applications of electronic, magnetic, energy devices and biomedical materials. The aim of this new volume is to review the latest developments electrodeposition and present them to teachers, professionals, and students working in the field.
Electrodeposition and Surface Finishing
by Stojan S. DjokićThis volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry has contributions from significant individuals in electrochemistry. This 7 chapter book discusses electrodeposition and the characterization of alloys and composite materials, the mechanistic aspects of lead electrodeposition, electrophoretic deposition of ceramic materials onto metal surfaces and the fundamentals of metal oxides for energy conversion and storage technologies. This volume also has a chapter devoted to the anodization of aluminum, electrochemical aspects of chemical and mechanical polishing, and surface treatments prior to metallization of semiconductors, ceramics, and polymers. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is ideal for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students interested in the latest findings in the field of electrodeposition and surface finishing.
Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Materials
by Farzad NasirpouriThis book provides an overview of electrodeposition of nanomaterials from principles to modern concepts for advanced materials in science and technology. Electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition is explained for fabrication and mass production of functional and nanostructured device materials. The present book spans from principles to modern insights and concepts. It gives a comprehensive overview of the electrochemistry of materials, which is useful as basic information to understand concepts used for nanostructuring of electrodeposited materials, reviews the electrodeposition constituents, thermodynamics and kinetics of electrodeposition, electrochemical and instrumental assessment techniques and other physical factors affecting the electrodeposition mechanisms. A wide variety of nanostructured materials and related concepts and applications are explained with respect to nanocrystals, nanocrystalline films, template-based nanostructures, nanocomposite films, nanostructures on semiconductors, multilayers, mesoporous films, scanning microscopical probe assisted fabrication and galvanic replacement. This book is useful for researchers in materials science, engineering technologists and graduate students. It can also be used as a textbook for undergraduates and graduate students studying related disciplines.
Electrodialysis and Water Reuse
by Andréa Moura Bernardes Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues Jane Zoppas FerreiraThis book presents novel techniques to evaluate electrodialysis processes, to synthesize ionic membranes and to characterize their properties. It shows the potential use of membrane process to the treatment of effluents generated in many industrial sectors such as refineries, leather industries, mining and electroplating processes. The book is based on the results obtained by the author's research group during the past decade. It is useful for students, researchers and engineers interested in membrane technologies for water reuse.
Electrodissolution Processes: Fundamentals and Applications
by Madhav DattaElectrodissolution Processes: Fundamentals and Applications discusses the basic principles involved in high-rate anodic dissolution processes and their application in advanced machining, micromachining, and finishing operations. The fundamentals section of the book discusses the anodic dissolution behavior of different classes of metals and the influence of mass transport, current distribution, and surface film properties on the metal removal rate and surface finishing. The applications section of the book presents essential elements of electrochemical and assisted techniques for precision machining, micromachining, and polishing of advanced materials, including hard-to-machine conducting ceramic materials. Features A first-of-its-kind book that provides updated scientific and engineering information related to high-rate anodic dissolution processes Highlights the importance of the understanding of basic principles required for designing and optimizing ECM/EMM/EP processes Gives equal emphasis to the fundamentals and applications of electrodissolution processes Discusses the high-rate anodic dissolution of two broad classes of materials, namely, engineering and refractory materials Presents case studies to demonstrate the capabilities of different electrochemical and assisted machining, micromachining, and finishing operations Presents a dedicated chapter on electrochemical planarization of copper interconnects Madhav Datta is the Chairman of Amrita Center for Industrial Research and Innovation and a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita University, Coimbatore, India.
Electrodynamic Characteristics of Accelerating Cavities
by N P Sobenin B V ZverevNow available for the first time in English translation, this important book contains extensive material relating to the electrodynamic characteristics of linear accelerators, and gives a good overview of the fundamentals of accelerating cavity design. The authors describe the experimental methods and measurement techniques essential in this area of research, and provide comprehensive data about the electrodynamic characteristics of resonant structures, which are widely used in charged particle accelerators and microwave devices. Single cavities and coupling chains, excited in electrical and magnetic modes, are described numerically and analyzed in detail. The book also provides a valuable description of the perturbation method, which is illustrated using a unique collection of data.
Electrodynamics and Optics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
by Wolfgang DemtröderThis engaging text offers an accessible and clear treatment of the fundamentals of electromagnetics and optics, a core part of the standard undergraduate physics curriculum. Starting with static electric and magnetic fields, the book works through electromagnetic oscillations and the formation and propagation of electromagnetic waves, before moving on to geometric and wave optics, optical instrumentation and some discussion of new technologies in optics. The text is written from the experimental physics point of view, giving numerous real life examples and applications of devices. This highly motivating presentation deepens the knowledge in a very accessible way, carefully interweaving theory and practical applications. Students are guided through the material with well-chosen examples and case studies, and helpful chapter summaries are provided together with numerous exercises and detailed solutions, all intended to motivate and develop a well-founded understanding of the subject matter.
Electrodynamics of Conducting Dispersive Media (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #111)
by Babak Shokri Anri A. RukhadzeThis book presents a sequential representation of the electrodynamics of conducting media with dispersion. In addition to the general electrodynamic formalism, specific media such as classical nondegenerate plasma, degenerate metal plasma, magnetoactive anisotropic plasma, atomic hydrogen gas, semiconductors, and molecular crystals are considered.The book draws on such classics as Electrodynamics of plasma and plasma-like media (Silin and Rukhadze) and Principles of Plasma Electrodynamics (Alexandrov, Bogdankevich, and Rukhadze), yet its outlook is thoroughly modern—both in content and presentation, including both classical and quantum approaches. It explores such recent topics as surface waves on thin layers of plasma and non-dispersive media, the permittivity of a monatomic gas with spatial dispersion, and current-driven instabilities in plasma, among many others. Each chapter is equipped with a large number of problems with solutions that have academic and practical importance. This book will appeal to graduate students as well as researchers and other professionals due to its straight-forward yet thorough treatment of electrodynamics in conducting dispersive media.
Electrodynamics of Density Ducts in Magnetized Plasmas: The Mathematical Theory of Excitation and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma Waveguides
by I G Kondratiev A V Kudrin T M ZaboronkovaProviding a systematic and self-contained treatment of excitation, propagation and re- emission of electromagnetic waves guided by density ducts in magnetized plasmas, this book describes in detail the theoretical basis of the electrodynamics of ducts. The classical dielectric-waveguide theory in open guiding systems in magnetoplasma is subjected to rigorous generalization. The authors emphasize the conceptual physical and mathematical aspects of the theory, while demonstrating its applications to problems encountered in actual practice. The opening chapters of the book discuss the underlying physical phenomena, outline some of the results obtained in natural and artificial density ducts, and describe the basic theory crucial to understanding the remainder of the book. The more specialized and complex topics dealt with in subsequent chapters include the theory of guided wave propagation along axially uniform ducts, finding the field excited by the source in the presence of a duct, excitation of guided modes, the asymptotic theory of wave propagation along axially nonuniform ducts, and mode re-emission from a duct. The full wave theory is used throughout most of the book to ensure consistency, and the authors start with simpler cases and gradually increase the complexity of the treatment.
Electrohydraulic Fracturing of Rocks
by Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot Olivier Maurel Wen Chen Thierry Reess Antoine De Ferron Christian La Borderie Franck Rey-BerbederThis book presents a new fracturing technique that should be considered as a potential alternative, or a companion technique, to hydraulic fracturing of tight gas reservoirs and low permeability rock masses. As opposed to hydraulic fracturing which generates a few numbers of large cracks, electro-hydraulic fracturing induces diffuse micro-cracking and fragmentation of rocks. Laboratory tests demonstrate that increases of permeability by two orders of magnitude can be reached, without major cracking in tested specimens. This book discusses the principles of this new technique, reports experiments which have been developed is order to prove the concept and finally describes the numerical model from which the potentialities of this technique in representative reservoir conditions can be assessed.
Electrohydraulic Servo Systems: Applications, Design and Control (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by D. R. RaghavendraThis book covers the fundamental concepts of electrohydraulic (EH) servo systems in detail and also presents the developments about power, quadratic response, and control flexibility of EH servo systems with applications in aircraft/aerospace engineering, mobile equipment, material/structure testing, motion simulators, and strategic defense sectors. Various topics covered in this books are systems and configurations of servo systems, components, applications, design of SISO and MIMO and control options of SISO and MIMO systems. It further includes a chapter on contamination control, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of these systems. The detailed working procedures and advice on implementation routines presented in this book will help readers to apply the control models and systems presented so as to make their own servo systems more efficient. The book will be useful for mechanical engineers and professionals involved in the analysis and design of electrohydraulic control systems, especially in advanced hydraulic industries, the aeronautical and space, and automotive industries. It would also be a useful reference for advanced courses in EH systems.