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Discontinuous Dynamics and System Synchronization (Nonlinear Systems and Complexity #39)
by Fuhong MinThis book provides a systematic introduction to the dynamical behaviors of discontinuous dynamical systems and system synchronization. The first part of the book presents the theory of flow switching in discontinuous dynamical systems as well as the switching dynamics in such discontinuous systems. The second part presents a theory for interaction discontinuities between distinct dynamical systems, from which partial and complete chaotic synchronizations in such systems are studied analytically and experimentally.
Discourses of Cycling, Road Users and Sustainability: An Ecolinguistic Investigation (Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse)
by M. Cristina CaimottoThis book employs a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) framework to examine cycling mobility, marking a new turn in ecolinguistic discourse analysis. The author focuses specifically on environment-related arguments concerning the promotion of higher levels of cycling, mainly as a means of transport, and investigates the “US vs. “THEM” narratives present in many discourses about road users. Analysing newspaper articles, institutional documents and spoken interviews, the author searches for a positive new discourse that would inspire and encourage cycling as a habitual means of transport, rather than simply exposing ecologically destructive discourse. The book will be of interest to discourse and ecolingusitics scholars, as well as contributing to the lively debate about how to increase cycling in fields such as sustainability, sociology, transport planning and management.
Discoverers of the Universe: William and Caroline Herschel
by Michael HoskinDiscoverers of the Universe tells the gripping story of William Herschel, the brilliant, fiercely ambitious, emotionally complex musician and composer who became court astronomer to Britain's King George III, and of William's sister, Caroline, who assisted him in his observations of the night sky and became an accomplished astronomer in her own right. Together, they transformed our view of the universe from the unchanging, mechanical creation of Newton's clockmaker god to the ever-evolving, incredibly dynamic cosmos that it truly is. William was in his forties when his amateur observations using a homemade telescope led to his discovery of Uranus, and an invitation to King George's court. He coined the term "asteroid," discovered infrared radiation, was the first to realize that our solar system is moving through space, discovered 2,500 nebulae that form the basis of the catalog astronomers use today, and was unrivalled as a telescope builder. Caroline shared William's passion for astronomy, recording his observations during night watches and organizing his papers for publication. She was the first salaried woman astronomer in history, a pioneer who herself discovered nine comets and became a role model for women in the sciences. Written by the world's premier expert on the Herschels, Discoverers of the Universe traces William and Caroline's many extraordinary contributions to astronomy, shedding new light on their productive but complicated relationship, and setting their scientific achievements in the context of their personal struggles, larger-than-life ambitions, bitter disappointments, and astonishing triumphs.
Discoverers of the Universe: William and Caroline Herschel
by Michael HoskinDiscoverers of the Universe tells the gripping story of William Herschel, the brilliant, fiercely ambitious, emotionally complex musician and composer who became court astronomer to Britain's King George III, and of William's sister, Caroline, who assisted him in his observations of the night sky and became an accomplished astronomer in her own right. Together, they transformed our view of the universe from the unchanging, mechanical creation of Newton's clockmaker god to the ever-evolving, incredibly dynamic cosmos that it truly is. William was in his forties when his amateur observations using a homemade telescope led to his discovery of Uranus, and an invitation to King George's court. He coined the term "asteroid," discovered infrared radiation, was the first to realize that our solar system is moving through space, discovered 2,500 nebulae that form the basis of the catalog astronomers use today, and was unrivalled as a telescope builder. Caroline shared William's passion for astronomy, recording his observations during night watches and organizing his papers for publication. She was the first salaried woman astronomer in history, a pioneer who herself discovered nine comets and became a role model for women in the sciences. Written by the world's premier expert on the Herschels, Discoverers of the Universe traces William and Caroline's many extraordinary contributions to astronomy, shedding new light on their productive but complicated relationship, and setting their scientific achievements in the context of their personal struggles, larger-than-life ambitions, bitter disappointments, and astonishing triumphs.
Discoveries and Inventions that Changed the World: The End of the 19th Century to the Present
by Gianni MorelliSome of the Greatest Inventions of All TimeLearn about some of the greatest inventions of all time and how they changed our world forever in this fascinating book of inventions and daring discoveries.World changing history. Who created plastic? How was the zipper invented? Who created the aspirin that takes away our headaches? All of these questions (and more) are answered by author Gianni Morelli who expertly delves into the fascinating facts behind some of the most important historical inventions since the end of the 19th century.Historical inventions and life-changing discoveries. From ground-breaking technology to life-changing advances in medicine, travel through time in this impressive book of discoveries and inventions. You’ll look at our world in a completely different light after learning how we got to where we are today.Inside, you’ll find:A way to connect our present to our past, giving hope for the possibilities of tomorrowMeaningful knowledge of world changing historyA deeper understanding of the world around usIf you liked books such as Power and Progress, Invention and Innovation, or ColdFusion Presents: New Thinking, you’ll love Discoveries and Inventions that Changed the World.
Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo
by Galileo GalileiDirecting his polemics against the pedantry of his time, Galileo, as his own popularizer, addressed his writings to contemporary laymen. His support of Copernican cosmology, against the Church's strong opposition, his development of a telescope, and his unorthodox opinions as a philosopher of science were the central concerns of his career and the subjects of four of his most important writings. Drake's introductory essay place them in their biographical and historical context. Translation and notes by Stillman Drake
Discovering Nature with Young Children
by Karen Worth Ingrid ChalufourField-tested across the country, this comprehensive curriculum expands and extends the role science has traditionally played in the early childhood classroom. The first in a new series, Discovering Nature with Young Children explores the wide-ranging elements that make up the natural world around us. The curriculum replaces simple fact-feeding practices with the development of long-term scientific reasoning, including literacy skills and numeracy skills, such as hypothesis, inference, prediction, and estimation.
Discovering Nature with Young Children: Trainer's
by Karen Worth Ingrid ChalufourField-tested across the country, this comprehensive curriculum expands and extends the role science has traditionally played in the early childhood classroom. The first in a new series, Discovering Nature with Young Children explores the wide-ranging elements that make up the natural world around us. The curriculum replaces simple fact-feeding practices with the development of long-term scientific reasoning, including literacy skills and numeracy skills, such as hypothesis, inference, prediction, and estimation. A companion to the curriculum, this trainer's guide serves as an indispensable handbook for trainers and administrators interested in introducing staff to the curriculum--from planning to implementation. Special sections outline the curriculum and introduce scientific reasoning to adults, and eight workshops detail the complete curriculum for staff members. The guide also includes strategies for supporting teachers over time through mentoring and guided discussions.
Discovering Superconductivity
by Gren IresonSuperconductivity is a quantum phenomenon that manifests itself in materials showing zero electrical resistance below a characteristic temperature resulting in the potential for an electric current to run continually through such a material without the need for a power source. Such materials are used extensively in medical and power applications, e.g. MRI and NMR machines. Discovering Superconductivity uses a series of practical and investigative activities, which can be used as tutor demonstrations or as student lab exercises. This highly illustrated text features the following sections: Introduction - including a brief history of superconductivitySuperconductivity - an explanation of the phenomenon and its effectsSuperconducting materials - including High & Low temperature superconductorsApplications - how superconductivity is used in medical imaging, at CERN and in the Maglev trainsThis text will serve as an excellent introduction for students, with or without a physics background, to superconductivity. With a strong practical, experimental emphasis, it provides readers with an overview of the topic preparing them for more advanced texts used in advanced undergraduate and post-graduate courses. PowerPoint files of the figures presented within this text are available at: http://booksupport.wiley.comA word from the author: "The intention of this text is to introduce the reader to the study of superconductivity via a minds-on approach......... The minds-on approach takes this a stage further by requiring the learner to engage with the process to a greater extent."
Discovering the Frontiers of Human-Robot Interaction: Insights and Innovations in Collaboration, Communication, and Control
by Ramana VinjamuriThe field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is rapidly evolving, blurring the lines between human and machine capabilities. Recent advances in computer science, computer vision, artificial intelligence, robotics, brain-computer interfaces, neural engineering, and cognitive science have profoundly transformed HRI. As we stand on the threshold of a new era characterized by increasingly sophisticated human-machine interactions, it becomes imperative to explore the emerging frontiers of this dynamic field. Robots are now entering homes, workplaces, and even battlefields, necessitating a deeper understanding of effective, safe, and ethical human-robot interaction. This book delves into cutting-edge research shaping the future of HRI, representing a collective effort to navigate uncharted territories. Through diverse chapters authored by leading experts, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the latest developments, challenges, and opportunities in HRI. By examining technical, engineering, and methodological challenges, this volume brings together perspectives from researchers, engineers, and designers to provide a comprehensive view of this dynamic field. Aiming to showcase groundbreaking research and spark interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, students, and anyone interested in the future of human-robot collaboration. Whether you are a seasoned roboticist, a curious student, or simply interested in future technology, this book offers insights and knowledge to navigate the complex world of human-robot interaction. Join us on this journey of discovery as we navigate the emerging frontiers of human-robot interaction together.
Discovery Science: 23rd International Conference, DS 2020, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 19–21, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12323)
by Yannis Manolopoulos Annalisa Appice Stan Matwin Grigorios TsoumakasThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2020, which took place during October 19-21, 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Thessaloniki, Greece, but had to change to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 26 full and 19 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections named: classification; clustering; data and knowledge representation; data streams; distributed processing; ensembles; explainable and interpretable machine learning; graph and network mining; multi-target models; neural networks and deep learning; and spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal data.
Discovery Science: 24th International Conference, DS 2021, Halifax, NS, Canada, October 11–13, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12986)
by Carlos Soares Luis TorgoThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2021, which took place virtually during October 11-13, 2021.The 36 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections named: applications; classification; data streams; graph and network mining; machine learning for COVID-19; neural networks and deep learning; preferences and recommender systems; representation learning and feature selection; responsible artificial intelligence; and spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal data.
Discovery Science: 25th International Conference, DS 2022, Montpellier, France, October 10–12, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13601)
by Poncelet Pascal Dino IencoThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2022, which took place virtually during October 10-12, 2022. The 27 full papers and 12 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions.
Discovery Science: 26th International Conference, DS 2023, Porto, Portugal, October 9–11, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14276)
by João Gama Albert Bifet Rita P. Ribeiro Ana Carolina Lorena Pedro H. AbreuThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2023, which took place in Porto, Portugal, in October 2023. The 37 full papers and 10 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 133 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Machine learning methods and applications; natural language processing and social media analysis; interpretability and explainability in AI; data analysis and optimization; fairness, privacy and security in AI; control and spatio-temporal modeling; graph theory and network analysis; time series and forecasting; healthcare and biological data analysis; anomaly, outlier and novelty detection.
Discovery Science: 27th International Conference, DS 2024, Pisa, Italy, October 14–16, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15243)
by Dino Pedreschi Riccardo Guidotti Anna Monreale Roberto Pellungrini Francesca NarettoThe two-volume set LNAI 15243 + 15244 constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2024, which took place in Pisa, Italy, during October 14-16, 2024. The 53 full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: LLM, Text Analytics, and Ethical Aspects of AI; Natural Language Processing, Sequential Data and Science Discovery; Data-Driven Science Discovery Methodologies; Graph Neural Network, Graph Theory, Unsupervised Learning and Regression; Part II: Tree-Based Models and Causal Discovery; Security and Anomaly Detection; Computer Vision and Explainable AI; Classification Models; SoBigData++: City for Citizens and Explainable AI; SoBigData++: Societal Debates and Misinformation Analysis.
Discovery Science: 27th International Conference, DS 2024, Pisa, Italy, October 14–16, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15244)
by Dino Pedreschi Riccardo Guidotti Anna Monreale Roberto Pellungrini Francesca NarettoThe two-volume set LNAI 15243 + 15244 constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2024, which took place in Pisa, Italy, during October 14-16, 2024. The 53 full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: LLM, Text Analytics, and Ethical Aspects of AI; Natural Language Processing, Sequential Data and Science Discovery; Data-Driven Science Discovery Methodologies; Graph Neural Network, Graph Theory, Unsupervised Learning and Regression; Part II: Tree-Based Models and Causal Discovery; Security and Anomaly Detection; Computer Vision and Explainable AI; Classification Models; SoBigData++: City for Citizens and Explainable AI; SoBigData++: Societal Debates and Misinformation Analysis.
Discovery of Ba7Nb4MoO20-Based Materials and the Mechanism of Ultrafast Ion Conduction Via Dimers (Springer Theses)
by Yuichi SakudaThis book provides detailed descriptions of strategies for improving ion conductivity and the factors that result in high ion conductivity. In this book, discovery of novel materials that exhibit higher ion conductivity than practical materials is introduced to clarify the migration mechanism of oxide ions and protons. The book shows that the bulk conductivity of hexagonal perovskite-related oxide Ba7Nb3.8Mo1.2O20.1 in dry air is 1.1 mS/cm at 306 °C, which is 175 times higher than that of practical materials (ZrO2)0.92(Y2O3)0.08 (8YSZ). Also, as a new approach to the subject, by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and neutron-diffraction experiments, the mechanism is shown that the oxide ions migrate by the breaking and reforming of M2O9 (M = Nb, Mo) dimers, MO5 monomers and MO4 tetrahedra. The oxide-ion migration is reminiscent of a concerted push-pull interstitialcy ‘bucket-relay’-type motions. Readers can understand the oxide-ion and proton migration mechanism in terms of crystal structure. Recently, materials that exhibit high ionic conductivity have been discovered one after another.
Discovery of Co-existing Non-collinear Spin Textures in D2d Heusler Compounds (Springer Theses)
by Jagannath JenaNon-collinear spin textures have attracted significant attention due to their topological nature, emergent electromagnetic properties, and potential spintronic and magnonic device applications. This book explores the physical properties of distinct spin textures in D2d compounds. The main goals of the work are (a) discovering new spin textures in D2d Heusler compounds and studying their detailed properties to enrich the field of non-collinear magnetism (b) optimizing the nano-track geometry and generating isolated and single chains of nano-objects that will establish new hallmarks for technological applications (c) studying the stability of spin textures with magnetic fields and temperatures and finding a way to observe the striking behavior of spin textures near the specimen edges. The first few chapters provide a brief overview of spin textures such as Bloch and Néel skyrmions. In the experimental methods section, the author shows how to identify the single-crystalline grains of a polycrystalline sample, how to make single-crystalline thin specimens and nano-tracks, and then provides explicit descriptions of different imaging techniques performed on a transmission electron microscope. This part will be valuable for beginners wishing to conduct research in experimental nano-magnetism and transmission electron microscope imaging. The core results of the book are presented in four chapters, describing the discovery of several new and unanticipated spin textures, namely square-shaped antiskyrmions, elliptical Bloch skyrmions, fractional antiskyrmions, fractional Bloch skyrmions and elongated (anti)skyrmions in a single D2d Heusler compound. It is shown that these textures can be understood by a combination of dipole-dipole interactions and a chiral vector exchange that makes it possible to stabilize various spin textures even in the same compound. The D2d compounds are the first non-centrosymmetric systems shown to host several co-existing non-collinear spin textures.
Discrete Choice Modelling and Air Travel Demand: Theory and Applications
by Laurie A. GarrowIn recent years, airline practitioners and academics have started to explore new ways to model airline passenger demand using discrete choice methods. This book provides an introduction to discrete choice models and uses extensive examples to illustrate how these models have been used in the airline industry. These examples span network planning, revenue management, and pricing applications. Numerous examples of fundamental logit modeling concepts are covered in the text, including probability calculations, value of time calculations, elasticity calculations, nested and non-nested likelihood ratio tests, etc. The core chapters of the book are written at a level appropriate for airline practitioners and graduate students with operations research or travel demand modeling backgrounds. Given the majority of discrete choice modeling advancements in transportation evolved from urban travel demand studies, the introduction first orients readers from different backgrounds by highlighting major distinctions between aviation and urban travel demand studies. This is followed by an in-depth treatment of two of the most common discrete choice models, namely the multinomial and nested logit models. More advanced discrete choice models are covered, including mixed logit models and generalized extreme value models that belong to the generalized nested logit class and/or the network generalized extreme value class. An emphasis is placed on highlighting open research questions associated with these models that will be of particular interest to operations research students. Practical modeling issues related to data and estimation software are also addressed, and an extensive modeling exercise focused on the interpretation and application of statistical tests used to guide the selection of a preferred model specification is included; the modeling exercise uses itinerary choice data from a major airline. The text concludes with a discussion of on-going customer modeling research in aviation. Discrete Choice Modelling and Air Travel Demand is enriched by a comprehensive set of technical appendices that will be of particular interest to advanced students of discrete choice modeling theory. The appendices also include detailed proofs of the multinomial and nested logit models and derivations of measures used to represent competition among alternatives, namely correlation, direct-elasticities, and cross-elasticities.
Discrete Computational Mechanics of Masonry Structures (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #609)
by Maurizio Angelillo Katalin BagiThis book provides an overview to those most important modern and traditional methods of masonry analysis that are able to capture the discrete internal built-up of masonry structures. Such methods are available in a wide variety today – from computational packages based on classical graphical statics techniques through discrete element methods or the most sophisticated no-tension semi-continuum models – , and this book reviews their theoretical foundations, as well as their advantages and preferable fields of application, also calling the attention on their limitations so that the reader could build up a critical view of the choices they have when attacking a masonry mechanics problem. The book gives a basis for the readers to become able to develop their own methods, inspired either by classical graphical statics, or by any modern technique they find promising.
Discrete Control Systems
by Yoshifumi OkuyamaDiscrete Control Systems establishes a basis for the analysis and design of discretized/quantized control systems for continuous physical systems. Beginning with the necessary mathematical foundations and system-model descriptions, the text moves on to derive a robust stability condition. To keep a practical perspective on the uncertain physical systems considered, most of the methods treated are carried out in the frequency domain. As part of the design procedure, modified Nyquist-Hall and Nichols diagrams are presented and discretized proportional-integral-derivative control schemes are reconsidered. Schemes for model-reference feedback and discrete-type observers are proposed. Although single-loop feedback systems form the core of the text, some consideration is given to multiple loops and nonlinearities. The robust control performance and stability of interval systems (with multiple uncertainties) are outlined. Finally, the monograph describes the relationship between feedback-control and discrete event systems. The nonlinear phenomena associated with practically important event-driven systems are elucidated. The dynamics and stability of finite-state and discrete-event systems are defined. Academic researchers interested in the uses of discrete modelling and control of continuous systems will find Discrete Control Systems instructive. The inclusion of end-of-chapter problems also makes the book suitable for use in self study either by professional control engineers or graduate students supplementing a more formal regimen of learning.
Discrete Cosine Transform, Second Edition
by Humberto Ochoa-Dominguez K. R. RaoMany new DCT-like transforms have been proposed since the first edition of this book. For example, the integer DCT that yields integer transform coefficients, the directional DCT to take advantage of several directions of the image and the steerable DCT. The advent of higher dimensional frames such as UHDTV and 4K-TV demand for small and large transform blocks to encode small or large similar areas respectively in an efficient way. Therefore, a new updated book on DCT, adapted to the modern days, considering the new advances in this area and targeted for students, researchers and the industry is a necessity.
Discrete Cuckoo Search for Combinatorial Optimization (Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing)
by Aziz OuaarabThis book provides a literature review of techniques used to pass from continuous to combinatorial space, before discussing a detailed example with individual steps of how cuckoo search (CS) can be adapted to solve combinatorial optimization problems. It demonstrates the application of CS to three different problems and describes their source code. The content is divided into five chapters, the first of which provides a technical description, together with examples of combinatorial search spaces. The second chapter summarizes a diverse range of methods used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In turn, the third chapter presents a description of CS, its formulation and characteristics. In the fourth chapter, the application of discrete cuckoo search (DCS) to solve three POCs (the traveling salesman problem, quadratic assignment problem and job shop scheduling problem) is explained, focusing mainly on a reinterpretation of the terminology used in CS and its source of inspiration. In closing, the fifth chapter discusses random-key cuckoo search (RKCS) using random keys to represent positions found by cuckoo search in the TSP and QAP solution space.
Discrete Dynamics: Basic Theory and Examples (Mathematical Engineering)
by Andrea BacciottiThis book offers a complete and detailed introduction to the theory of discrete dynamical systems, with special attention to stability of fixed points and periodic orbits. It provides a solid mathematical background and the essential basic knowledge for further developments such as, for instance, deterministic chaos theory, for which many other references are available (but sometimes, without an exhaustive presentation of preliminary notions). Readers will find a discussion of topics sometimes neglected in the research literature, such as a comparison between different predictions achievable by the discrete time model and the continuous time model of the same application. Another novel aspect of this book is an accurate analysis of the way a fixed point may lose stability, introducing and comparing several notions of instability: simple instability, repulsivity, and complete instability. To help the reader and to show the flexibility and potentiality of the discrete approach to dynamics, many examples, numerical simulations, and figures have been included. The book is used as a reference material for courses at a doctoral or upper undergraduate level in mathematics and theoretical engineering.
Discrete Element Method for Multiphase Flows with Biogenic Particles: Agriculture Applications
by Ling Zhou Ramesh K. Agarwal Weidong Shi Mahmoud A. ElemamThis book presents the advanced theory and application of the combined Computational Fluid Dynamics – Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) to multiphase flow simulations of the gas and bio-particulate matter of non-uniformly shaped biomass. It explores how DEM can simulate the complex behaviour of biomass particles, such as their packing in the multiphase flows that occurs in the agricultural product processing industries. It offers an overview of aerodynamic systems, such as cyclone separators, used in the agricultural processing industry. A detailed description of DEM modeling, including the particle-particle, particle-boundary, and particle-fluid interactions in the context of biomass particles of varying sizes and shapes, is provided. Coverage includes the critical application of CFD-DEM simulation technology in designing and optimizing grain handling and processing equipment and the application of extended DEM to other granular flows of complex particles like sand, powders, and dust from mines where clumping and agglomeration occur. The application of DEM in modeling and simulation of complex multiphase systems can help improve productivity, reduce costs, and increase efficiency in the agricultural industry.