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Earthquake Geotechnics: Select Proceedings of 7th ICRAGEE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #187)
by T. G. Sitharam Sreevalsa Kolathayar Ravi JakkaThis volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Some of the themes include ground response analysis & local site effect, seismic slope stability & landslides, application of AI in geotechnical earthquake engineering, etc. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, best practices, and discussions on performance based design. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Earthquake Hazard Assessment: India and Adjacent Regions
by Sreevalsa Kolathayar T.G. SitharamThis book represents a significant contribution to the area of earthquake data processing and to the development of region-specific magnitude correlations to create an up-to-date homogeneous earthquake catalogue that is uniform in magnitude scale. The book discusses seismicity analysis and estimation of seismicity parameters of a region at both finer and broader levels using different methodologies. The delineation and characterization of regional seismic source zones which requires reasonable observation and engineering judgement is another subject covered. Considering the complex seismotectonic composition of a region, use of numerous methodologies (DSHA and PSHA) in analyzing the seismic hazard using appropriate instruments such as the logic tree will be elaborated to explicitly account for epistemic uncertainties considering alternative models (for Source model, Mmax estimation and Ground motion prediction equations) to estimate the PGA value at bedrock level. Further, VS30 characterization based on the topographic gradient, to facilitate the development of surface level PGA maps using appropriate amplification factors, is discussed. Evaluation of probabilistic liquefaction potential is also explained in the book. Necessary backgrounds and contexts of the aforementioned topics are elaborated through a case study specific to India which features spatiotemporally varied and complex tectonics. The methodology and outcomes presented in this book will be beneficial to practising engineers and researchers working in the fields of seismology and geotechnical engineering in particular and to society in general.
Earthquake Prediction
by Mikhail B. GokhbergThis study presents an account of electromagnetic phenomena in the earth's crust immediately preceding a tectonic earthquake. The results of experiments performed throughout the last 20 years using data collected from the satellite and ground-based observations are analyzed and form the basis of various conceptual explanations of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena. The authors also present their own theoretical model of the generation of electromagnetic emission in the earth's crust. The tendency for earthquake-prone areas to be used for modern urban and industrial development underlines the significance of this monograph. Its applications are extensive, including defrectoscopy, monitoring stress in mines, and the development of electromagnetic methods of earthquake prediction; and should interest geologists, geophysicists, and specialists in solid-state physics.
Earthquake Prediction
by Saumitra MukherjeeThis publication on earthquake prediction provides the fascinating research findings of earthquake prediction by studying space weather environment of the earth. The influence of changes in Sun is shown on the thermosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere and on lithosphere before the earthquakes.
Earthquake Prediction with Radio Techniques
by Masashi HayakawaThe latest achievements of earthquake prediction via radio communication systems, by the world's leading authority Prof. Hayakawa is one of the world leaders in the field of seismo-electromagnetics for EQ prediction and this area of research is still evolving Presents the fundamentals of radio communications and radio propagation, using the radio noises and propagation anomalies as a precursor of earthquakes Considers the combination of different kinds of seismogenic electromagnetic signals of both natural and artificial character Timely topic following the recent sequence of highly destructive earthquakes around the world
Earthquake Resistant Buildings
by M.Y.H. BangashThis concise work provides a general introduction to the design of buildings which must be resistant to the effect of earthquakes. A major part of this design involves the building structure which has a primary role in preventing serious damage or structural collapse. Much of the material presented in this book examines building structures. Due to the recent discovery of vertical components, it examines not only the resistance to lateral forces but also analyses the disastrous influence of vertical components. The work is written for Practicing Civil, Structural, and Mechanical Engineers, Seismologists and Geoscientists. It serves as a knowledge source for graduate students and their instructors.
Earthquake Resistant Concrete Structures
by Andreas KapposThis book introduces practising engineers and post-graduate students to modern approaches to seismic design, with a particular focus on reinforced concrete structures, earthquake resistant design of new buildings and assessment, repair and strengthening of existing buildings.
Earthquake Resistant Design, Protection, and Performance Assessment in Earthquake Engineering (Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering #54)
by Tribikram Kundu Halûk Sucuoğlu Mustafa Erdik Azer Kasimzade Paolo ClementeThis book covers the latest advances in the popular research areas in Earthquake Engineering: Seismic Protection, Non-Destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring, as well as Seismic Performance Assessment. Part I includes seven chapters on seismic protection systems, a new passive isolation system for tower structures, frictional base isolation systems, period changeable isolation systems and presented applications, and recent developments in Italy, Japan and Macedonia. Also, particularities of design basis ground motion for long period structures are explained. Soil-Structure interaction models on the relevant subject are presented by classifying them. Part II presents three chapters on the new developments on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for Performance Assessment of Structures. Applications and recent developments in USA, Canada, and Turkey are presented. Part III includes eight chapters on Seismic Performance Assessment. The subject of this part is presented on its following important components, and results are discussed: New criterion on performance based seismic design with application to a high-rise building; seismic design and performance assessment of a super tall concrete core wall building; seismic design and evaluation of high-performance modular tall timber building; challenges to detailed finite element analysis of entire building structures; seismic performance evaluation of traditional Japanese wooden houses with outer-frame reinforcement; dynamic response of pipeline, subjected to subsurface and surface blast explosion; bond behavior of sand-coated CFRP rebar embedded in concrete are given; seismic resistant large-span shell structures are presented. The book presents a concise summary of latest research findings, and will be of interest to a wide range of professionals in earthquake engineering, including graduate students, instructors, designers, and researches.
Earthquake Science and Engineering
by Ömer AydanEarthquakes form one of the categories of natural disasters that sometimes result in huge loss of human life as well as destruction of (infra)structures, as experienced during recent great earthquakes. This book addresses scientific and engineering aspects of earthquakes, which are generally taught and published separately. This book intends to fill the gap between these two fields associated with earthquakes and help seismologists and earthquake engineers better communicate with and understand each other. This will foster the development of new techniques for dealing with various aspects of earthquakes and earthquake-associated issues, to safeguard the security and welfare of societies worldwide. Because this work covers both scientific and engineering aspects in a unified way, it offers a complete overview of earthquakes, their mechanics, their effects on (infra)structures and secondary associated events. As such, this book is aimed at engineering professionals with an earth sciences background (geology, seismology, geophysics) or those with an engineering background (civil, architecture, mining, geological engineering) or with both, and it can also serve as a reference work for academics and (under)graduate students.
Earthquake Time Bombs
by Robert YeatsIn a media interview in January 2010, scientist Robert Yeats sounded the alarm on Port-au-Prince, Haiti, as an 'earthquake time bomb', a region at critical risk of major seismic activity. One week later, a catastrophic earthquake struck the city, leaving over 100,000 dead and triggering a humanitarian crisis. In this timely study, Yeats sheds new light on other earthquake hotspots around the world and the communities at risk. He examines these seismic threats in the context of recent cultural history, including economic development, national politics and international conflicts. Descriptions of emerging seismic resilience plans from some cities provide a more hopeful picture. Essential reading for policy-makers, infrastructure and emergency planners, scientists, students and anyone living in the shadow of an earthquake, this book raises the alarm so that we can protect our vulnerable cities before it's too late.
Earthquake, Blast and Impact: Measurement and effects of vibration
by Seced - The Society For Earthquake & Civil Engineering DynamicsThis volume consists of papers presented at the International Conference on Earthquake, Blast and Impact held at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK, 18-20 September 1991, organised by the Society for Earthquake and Civil Engineering Dynamics (SECED) and supported by the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Instituti
Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding
by Robert Jankowski Sayed MahmoudThis books analyzes different approaches to modeling earthquake-induced structural pounding and shows the results of the studies on collisions between buildings and between bridge segments during ground motions. Aspects related to the mitigation of pounding effects as well as the design of structures prone to pounding are also discussed. Earthquake-induced structural pounding between insufficiently separated buildings, and between bridge segments, has been repeatedly observed during ground motions. The reports after earthquakes indicate that it may result in limited local damage in the case of moderate seismic events, or in considerable destruction or even the collapse of colliding structures during severe ground motions. Pounding in buildings is usually caused by the differences in dynamic properties between structures, which make them vibrate out-of-phase under seismic excitation. In contrast, in the case of longer bridge structures, it is more often the seismic wave propagation effect that induces collisions between superstructure segments during earthquakes.
Earthquakes and Acoustic Emission: Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on Fracture, Turin, Italy, March 20-25, 2005
by Alberto Carpinteri Giuseppe LacidognaEarthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy during the fracture of stressed rock within the Earth‘s crust. This phenomenon is similar to that which occurs in materials under load, and although they take place on very different scales, these two phenomena - earthquakes in geophysics and damage in structural materials - have similarities.
Earthquakes and Health Monitoring of Civil Structures
by Mihail GarevskiHealth monitoring of civil structures (HMS) is a new discipline, which contributes to successful and on time detection of damages to structures. This book is a collection of chapters on different topics written by leading scientists in the field. It is primarily focused on the latest achievements in monitoring the earthquake effect upon the health of civil structures. The first chapter of the book deals with the geotechnical and structural aspects of the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes. Further chapters are dedicated to the latest HMS techniques of identification of damage to structures caused by earthquakes. Real time damage detection as well as sensors and acquisition systems used for that purpose are presented. The attention is focused on automated modal analysis, dynamic artificial neural networks and wavelet techniques used in HMS. Particular emphasis is put on wireless sensors and piezo-impendance transducers used for evaluation of seismically induced structural damage. The discussion is followed by presentation of case studies of application of health monitoring for buildings and other civil structures, including a super tall structure. The book ends with a presentation of shaking table tests on physical models for the purpose of monitoring their behaviour under earthquake excitation. Audience The book is primarily intended for engineers and scientists working in the field of application of the HMS technique in earthquake engineering. Considering that real time health monitoring of structures represents a sophisticated approach applying the latest techniques of monitoring of structures, many experts from other industries will also find this book useful.
Earthquakes and Structures: Select Proceedings of 7th ICRAGEE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #188)
by T. G. Sitharam Sreevalsa Kolathayar Ravi JakkaThis volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of earthquake engineering connected with structures. Some of the themes include soil structure interaction, dynamic analysis, underground structures, vibration isolation, seismic response of buildings etc. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, and best practices. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Earthquakes and the Urban Environment: Volume 1
by G. Lennis BerlinThis monograph attempts to amalgamate recent research input comprising the vivifying components or urban seismology at a level useful to those having an interest in the earthquake and its effects upon an urban environment. However, because some of those interested in the earthquake- urban problem may not have a strong background in the physical sciences.
Earthquakes and the Urban Environment: Volume 2
by G. Lennis BerlinThis monograph attempts to amalgamate recent research input comprising the vivifying components or urban seismology at a level useful to those having an interest in the earthquake and its effects upon an urban environment. However, because some of those interested in the earthquake- urban problem may not have a strong background in the physical sciences.
Earthquakes and the Urban Environment: Volume 3
by G. Lennis BerlinThis monograph attempts to amalgamate recent research input comprising the vivifying components or urban seismology at a level useful to those having an interest in the earthquake and its effects upon an urban environment. However, because some of those interested in the earthquake- urban problem may not have a strong background in the physical sciences.
Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Nuclear Risks
by Katsuhiro KamaeThis book covers seismic probabilistic risk assessment (S-PRA) and related studies which have become more important to increase the safety of nuclear facilities against earthquakes and tsunamis in the face of the many uncertainties after the Fukushima accident. The topics are (1) Active faults and active tectonics important for seismic hazard assessment of nuclear facilities,(2) Seismic source modeling and simulation and modeling techniques indispensable for strong ground motion prediction, and (3) PRA with external hazard and risk communication. The Fukushima accident has showed us the limitations of the deterministic evaluation approach to external events (an earthquake and tsunami) in which there are many uncertainties. Furthermore, public anxiety regarding nuclear safety because of an unexpected threat caused by an earthquake or tsunami is growing. The current policy on the estimation of the design basis of ground motion as well as tsunami height still has not been improved following the Fukushima accident. In particular, the risk concept in a nuclear system regarding seismic motion and a tsunami beyond the design basis is indispensable. Therefore, research and development for PRA enhancing nuclear safety are being actively pursued not only in Japan but also worldwide. This book provides an opportunity for readers to consider the future direction of nuclear safety vis-à-vis natural disasters.
Earthseed
by Pamela SargentShip hurtles through space. Deep within its core, it carries the seed of humankind. Launched by the people of a dying Earth over a century ago, its mission is to find a habitable world for the children -- fifteen-year-old Zoheret and her shipmates -- whom it has created from its genetic banks. To Zoheret and her shipmates, Ship has been mother, father, and loving teacher, preparing them for their biggest challenge: to survive on their own, on an uninhabited planet, without Ship's protection. Now that day is almost upon them... but are they ready to leave Ship? Ship devises a test. And suddenly, instincts that have been latent for over a hundred years take over. Zoheret watches as friends become strangers -- and enemies. Can Zoheret and her companions overcome the biggest obstacle to the survival of the human race -- themselves?
Earthworks: Theory to Practice - Design and Construction
by Burt G. LookCase studies are used to show how theory is applied in practice. In the design and construction process, various models are used – geotechnical, laboratory, analytical, delivery, and economic models as the project is developed from planning to construction. This book explores the use and limitations of these earthwork models to be understood and appropriately applied. This book evolved from an earthworks course to practicing engineers over a 10-year period. Theory alone is not enough. Experience alone without relating back to theory can sometimes be misleading if transferred without understanding the fundamentals. The book benefited from the experiences of those many practicing engineers and the author’s experience in multi-disciplinary consulting companies as well as specialist geotechnical companies and government departments. The basics of soil, rock and compaction mechanics as applied to field conditions are covered. Material typically not covered in other textbooks, include the applications and limitations of associated "standard" laboratory and field testing. Specific chapters are dedicated to excavation, subgrade and expansive clay assessment and treatment. Useful design practices as well as the development and application of specifications is covered. A specification, test or design in one climatic condition or geology may not apply in another.
Earthworm Assisted Remediation of Effluents and Wastes
by Sartaj Ahmad Bhat Adarsh Pal Vig Fusheng Li Balasubramani RavindranThis book provides updated and comprehensive information on the effective functioning of earthworms used alone or in combination with other biological systems/microbes, as well as factors affecting the process and performance of vermiremediation under a range of conditions. It also compares earthworm assisted vermifiltration with other conventional biochemical methods. Presenting cutting-edge research on the earthworm assisted remediation of industrial and municipal effluents and sludges, along with its role in solid waste management (SWM), the book will benefit readers from the research community and industrial sector alike, familiarizing them with the latest remediation techniques for wastewater and different types of solid waste.
Earthworm Ecology
by Clive A. EdwardsEarthworm Ecology, Second Edition updates the most comprehensive work available on earthworm ecology with extensive revisions of the original chapters. New chapters analyze the history of earthworm research, the importance of earthworms as representatives of soil fauna and how they affect plant growth, the effects of the invasion of exotic earthworms into North America and other regions, and vermiculture and vermicomposting in Europe.This well-illustrated, expansive study examines the important and often overlooked impact earthworms have on the environment. It discusses the impact of climate, soil properties, predation, disease and parasitism, and competition upon earthworm ecology.
Earthworms and Ecological Processes
by Yahya Kooch Yakov KuzyakovEarthworms are the most important members of the soil detritivore community and function as soil engineers because of their effects on soil properties and their influence on the availability of resources for other organisms, including microorganisms and plants. Soil productivity and plant growth are strongly affected by biological activities of earthworms. They act on soil structures through creation of burrows which facilitate water and gas transport, incorporation of litter into soil, mixing of soil minerals, organic materials and breaking down of soil organic matter, ejection of surface and or subsurface casts. Earthworms have positive effects on the soil fabric and on the decomposition and mineralization of litter by breaking down organic matter and producing large amounts of feaces, thereby mixing litter with the mineral soil. Therefore, they play an important part humus form changes according to the patterns of plant communities succession. Consequently, they are also good bio-indicators for soil and site quality, and are thus useful when planning ecosystem function improvements. Earthworm's populations are indicators in degraded regions and in soil reclamations. Aristole called them "intestines of the earth" and the eminent nineteenth century biologist, Charles Darwin, spent many years observing their major influence on humus formation and soil transport . However, the links between their impacts on the soil environment and the resulting modification of natural selection pressures on engineers as well as on other organisms have received little attention. Based on papers recently published in the Science journal, Phillips et al. (2019) document an impressive group effort by 141 researchers from 35 countries to develop a global-scale atlas of earthworms. In addition, Fierer (2019) described the earthworms’ place on earth. So, Darwin’s legacy continues. Despite the vast increase in scientific literature on earthworms in recent years, much remains to be known of their basic biology, ecology and functioning. In this book we summarized the current knowledge in relation to ecological processes involved with earthworms in croplands, rangelands, forests and urban soils.
Earthworms and Vermicomposting: Species, Procedures and Crop Application
by Sohan Singh Walia Tamanpreet KaurThis book explains the lifecycle of earthworms, biological features, multiplication of worms, species of earthworms that are suitable for vermicomposting, different sources of vermicompost, nutrient recovery and different procedures for making of vermicompost and importance of application of vermicompost in cereal, fruit and vegetable crops. The tremendous increase in population, urbanization, industrialization and agricultural production results in accumulation quantities of solid wastes. This has created serious problem in the environment. In order to dispose this waste safely it should be converted effectively. This is achieved by bio-composting and vermicomposting of farm, urban and agro-industrial waste. It is being increasing realized that composting is an environment friendly process, convert wide variety of wastes into valuable agricultural inputs. Compost is excellent source of humus and plant nutrients, on application of which improve soil biophysical properties and organic matter status of the soil. India generates about 350 million tonnes of agricultural waste every year. Agricultural wastes include crop residues, weeds, leaf litter, sawdust, forest waste, and livestock waste. Under appropriate conditions, worms eat agricultural waste and reduce the volume by 40 to 60%. Vermicompost produced by the activity of earthworms is rich in macro and micro-nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipase, cellulase and chitinase and immobilized microflora. This book will assist farmers, students and scholars to guide them about lifecycle of earthworms, biological features, multiplication of worms, species of earthworms that are suitable for vermicomposting and different procedures for making of vermicompost. This book will also benefit students of agriculture at graduate and post graduate level as students have a designated course on vermicomposting.