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Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Interfaces (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by Winfried MönchThis concise volume examines the characteristic electronic parameters of semiconductor interfaces, namely the barrier heights of metal–semiconductor or Schottky contacts and the valence-band discontinuities of semiconductor–semiconductor interfaces or heterostructures. Both are determined by the same concept, namely the wave-function tails of electron states overlapping a semiconductor band gap directly at the interface. These interface-induced gap states (IFIGS) result from the complex band structure of the corresponding semiconductor. The IFIGS are characterized by two parameters, namely by their branch point, at which their charge character changes from predominantly valence-band- to conduction-band-like, and secondly by the proportionality factor or slope parameter of the corresponding electric-dipole term, which varies in proportion to the difference in the electronegativities of the two solids forming the interface. This IFIGS-and-electronegativity concept consistently and quantitatively explains the experimentally observed barrier heights of Schottky contacts as well as the valence-band offsets of heterostructures. Insulators are treated as wide band-gap semiconductors.
Electronic Structures and Bonding Interaction of Structurally Defined Gold/Silver Superatoms: Probed by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Springer Theses)
by Shun ItoThis book focuses on ligand-protected gold clusters featuring their atomically precise compositions and unambiguous structures. They mimic electronic shell structures of atoms and are called structurally defined superatoms. The book describes the design principle of superatomic electronic structures and the bonding theory of superatoms as revealed by gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy, which is conducted by using a state-of-the-art home-built apparatus and sheds light on fundamental electronic structures such as density of states and electron affinities otherwise elusive. This study revealed that the energy level of superatomic orbitals can be tuned coarsely by the heterometal doping and finely by the stepwise ligand exchange, respectively. The bonding theory of superatoms was also developed by anion photoelectron spectroscopy of homonuclear and heteronuclear superatoms. The comprehensive review of superatoms and detailed explanation of the apparatus were described in addition to individual studies. This book provides design principles of structurally defined superatoms and stimulates future research on the chemical and physical properties of superatoms.
Electronic System Level Design
by Sandro Rigo Rodolfo Azevedo Luiz SantosElectronic System Level Design: an Open-Source Approach is based on the successful experience acquired with the conception of the ADL ArchC, the development of its underlying tool suite, and the building of its platform modeling infrastructure. With more than 10000 accesses per year since 2004, the dissemination of ArchC models reached not only students in quest of proper infrastructure to develop their research projects but also some companies in need of processor models to build virtual platforms using SystemC. The need to anticipate the development of hardware-dependent software and to build virtual prototypes gave rise to Transaction Level Modeling (TLM). Since SystemC provided the elements and the adequate abstraction level for supporting TLM, their relation has grown so strong that OSCI created a TLM Working Group whose effort resulted in the recently released TLM 2.0 standard, which is also covered in this book.
Electronic System-Level HW/SW Co-Design of Heterogeneous Multi-Processor Embedded Systems
by Luigi PomanteModern electronic systems consist of a fairly heterogeneous set of components. Today, a single system can be constituted by a hardware platform, frequently composed of a mix of analog and digital components, and by several software application layers. The hardware can include several heterogeneous microprocessors (e.g. GPP, DSP, GPU, etc.), dedicated ICs (ASICs and/or FPGAs), memories, a set of local connections between the system components, and some interfaces between the system and the environment (sensors, actuators, etc.). Therefore, on the one hand, multi-processor embedded systems are capable of meeting the demand of processing power and flexibility of complex applications. On the other hand, such systems are very complex to design and optimize, so that the design methodology plays a major role in determining the success of the products. For these reasons, to cope with the increasing system complexity, the approaches typically used today are oriented towards co-design methodologies working at the higher levels of abstraction. Unfortunately, such methodologies are typically customized for the specific application, suffer of a lack of generality and still need a considerable effort when real-size project are envisioned. Therefore, there is still the need for a general methodology able to support the designer during the high-level steps of a co-design flow, enabling an effective design space exploration before tackling the low-level steps and thus committing to the final technology. This should prevent costly redesign loops.In such a context, the work described in this book, composed of two parts, aims at providing models, methodologies and tools to support each step of the co-design flow of embedded systems implemented by exploiting heterogeneous multi-processor architectures mapped on distributed systems, as well as fully integrated onto a single chip.
Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook (Electronics Handbook Series)
by Jerry C. WhitakerThe days of troubleshooting a piece of gear armed only with a scope, voltmeter, and a general idea of how the hardware works are gone forever. As technology continues to drive equipment design forward, maintenance difficulties will continue to increase, and those responsible for maintaining this equipment will continue to struggle to keep up. The Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook, Second Edition establishes a foundation for servicing, operating, and optimizing audio, video, computer, and RF systems. Beginning with an overview of reliability principles and properties, a team of top experts describes the steps essential to ensuring high reliability and minimum downtime. They examine heat management issues, grounding systems, and all aspects of system test and measurement. They even explore disaster planning and provide guidelines for keeping a facility running under extreme circumstances.Today more than ever, the reliability of a system can have a direct and immediate impact on the profitability of an operation. Advocating a carefully planned, systematic maintenance program, the richly illustrated Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook helps engineers and technicians meet the challenges inherent in modern electronic equipment and ensure top quality performance from each piece of hardware.
Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing: Proceedings of ESIC 2020 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #686)
by Pradeep Kumar Mallick Preetisudha Meher Alak Majumder Santos Kumar DasThis book presents selected, high-quality research papers from the International Conference on Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC 2020), held at NIT Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh, India, on 2 – 4 March 2020. Discussing the latest challenges and solutions in the field of smart computing, cyber-physical systems and intelligent technologies, it includes papers based on original theoretical, practical and experimental simulations, developments, applications, measurements, and testing. The applications and solutions featured provide valuable reference material for future product development.
Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing: Proceedings of ESIC 2021 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #860)
by Prasant Kumar Pattnaik Akash Kumar Bhoi Pradeep Kumar Mallick Alfonso González-BrionesThis book is a compilation of contributed research work from International Conference on Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC 2021) and covers the areas of electronics, communication, electrical and computing. This book is specifically targeted to the students, research scholars and academician from the background of electronics, communication, electrical and computer science. Advances in electronics, communication, electrical and computing cover the different approaches and techniques for specific applications using particle swarm optimization, Otsu’s function and harmony search optimization algorithm, DNA-NAND gate, triple gate SOI MOSFET, micro-Raman and FTIR analysis, high-k dielectric gate oxide, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, microstrip antenna, GPR with conducting surfaces, energy-efficient packet routing, iBGP route reflectors, circularly polarized antenna, double fork-shaped patch radiator, implementation of Doppler radar at 24 GHz, iris image classification using SVM, digital image forgery detection, secure communication, spoken dialog system and DFT-DCT spreading strategies.
Electronic Tap-changer for Distribution Transformers
by Jawad Faiz Behzad SiahkolahThis reference collects all relevant aspects electronic tap-changer and presents them in a comprehensive and orderly manner. It explains logically and systematically the design and optimization of a full electronic tap-changer for distribution transformers. The book provides a fully new insight to all possible structures of power section design and categorizes them comprehensively, including cost factors of the design. In the control section design, the authors review mechanical tap-changer control systems and they present the modeling of a full electronic tap-changer as well as a closed-loop control of the full-electronic tap-changer. The book is written for electrical engineers in industry and academia but should be useful also to postgraduate students of electrical engineering.
Electronic Technology and Civil Procedure
by Zoltán Nemessányi Miklós KengyelThe effect of modern and communication technology on civil procedure first appeared on the agenda of the conference organized by the International Association of Procedural Law in 1999, verifying Lord Woolf's statement from the 90's, that "IT will not only assist in streamlining and improving our existing systems and process; it is also likely, in due course, itself to be catalyst for radical change as well...". At the conference in Pecs in the autumn of 2010 participants from three continents and twenty-five countries examined all aspects of the impact of modern information technology on civil procedure beginning with the electronic submission of the application, ranging from electronic service of documents and electronic means of proof supported by modern information technology. In addition to the practical issues they discussed the possible impact of electronic procedures on traditional principles of civil procedure. The conference book contains seven main reports and eleven correferates, the foreword was written by Prof. Peter Gottwald, the President of the International Association of Procedural Law.
Electronic Transmission Technology: Lines, Waves, And Antennas
by William SinnemaIn addition to providing a strong background in the fundamentals of traveling waves on guided structures and free space, this book considers the more commonly used sources in aoptic and microwave communication. The generation, transmission, and detection of ectromagnetic waves are also stressed through the use of clear, practical applications. The author devotes a complete chapter to the characteristics of transmission lines, and two chapter to the behavior of transient and steady-state current/voltage on such lines. The book also treats the various techniques emplyed in impedance measuring and matching. Antenna fundamentals and radiowave propagation are also discussed. New Content features in the second edition include: a New chapter on Fiber optics with current trends, a new chapter on satellite communications with emphasis on the TVRO system, a new section on microwave sources, expanded coverage of antennas and antenna arrays.
Electronic Transport Theories: From Weakly to Strongly Correlated Materials
by Navinder SinghMaintaining a practical perspective, Electronic Transport Theories: From Weakly to Strongly Correlated Materials provides an integrative overview and comprehensive coverage of electronic transport with pedagogy in view. It covers traditional theories, such as the Boltzmann transport equation and the Kubo formula, along with recent theories of transport in strongly correlated materials. The understood case of electronic transport in metals is treated first, and then transport issues in strange metals are reviewed. Topics discussed are: the Drude-Lorentz theory; the traditional Bloch-Boltzmann theory and the Grüneisen formula; the Nyquist theorem and its formulation by Callen and Welton; the Kubo formalism; the Langevin equation approach; the Wölfle-Götze memory function formalism; the Kohn-Luttinger theory of transport; and some recent theories dealing with strange metals. This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, and researchers with a background in quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and mathematical methods.
Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems
by Supriyo DattaRecent advances in semiconductor technology have made possible the fabrication of structures whose dimensions are much smaller than the mean free path of an electron. This book is the first to give a thorough account of the theory of electronic transport in such mesoscopic systems. After an initial chapter covering fundamental concepts, the transmission function formalism is presented, and used to describe three key topics in mesoscopic physics: the quantum Hall effect; localisation; and double-barrier tunnelling. Other sections include a discussion of optical analogies to mesoscopic phenomena, and the book concludes with a description of the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism and its relation to the transmission formalism. Complete with problems and solutions, the book will be of great interest to graduate students of mesoscopic physics and nanoelectronic device engineering, as well as to established researchers in these fields.
Electronic Tribes
by Stephen A. Smith Tyrone L. AdamsWhether people want to play games and download music, engage in social networking and professional collaboration, or view pornography and incite terror, the Internet provides myriad opportunities for people who share common interests to find each other. The contributors to this book argue that these self-selected online groups are best understood as tribes, with many of the same ramifications, both positive and negative, that tribalism has in the non-cyber world. In Electronic Tribes, the authors of sixteen competitively selected essays provide an up-to-the-minute look at the social uses and occasional abuses of online communication in the new media era. They explore many current Internet subcultures, including MySpace. com, craftster. org, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) such as World of Warcraft, music downloading, white supremacist and other counterculture groups, and Nigerian e-mail scams. Their research raises compelling questions and some remarkable answers about the real-life social consequences of participating in electronic tribes. Collectively, the contributors to this book capture a profound shift in the way people connect, as communities formed by geographical proximity are giving way to communities - both online and offline - formed around ideas.
Electronic Visual Music: The Elements of Audiovisual Creativity (Sound Design)
by Dave PaylingElectronic Visual Music is a comprehensive guide to the composition and performance of visual music, and an essential text for those wanting to explore the history, current practice, performance strategies, compositional methodologies and practical techniques for conceiving and creating electronic visual music. Beginning with historical perspectives to inspire the reader to work creatively and develop their own individual style, visual music theory is then discussed in an accessible form, providing a series of strategies for implementing ideas. Including interviews with current practitioners, Electronic Visual Music provides insight into contemporary working methods and gives a snapshot of the state of the art in this ever-evolving creative discipline. This book is a valuable resource for artists and practitioners, as well as students, educators and researchers working in disciplines such as music composition, music production, video arts, animation and related media arts, who are interested in informing their own work and learning new strategies and techniques for exploration and creative expression of electronic visual music.
Electronic Waste
by Hugo Marcelo Veit Andréa Moura BernardesThis book presents an overview of the characterization of electronic waste. In addition, processing techniques for the recovery of metals, polymers and ceramics are described. This book serves as a source of information and as an educational technical reference for practicing scientists and engineers, as well as for students.
Electronic Waste and Printed Circuit Board Recycling Technologies (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)
by Muammer KayaThis book covers state-of-the-art technologies, principles, methods and industrial applications of electronic waste (e-waste) and waste PCB (WPCB) recycling. It focuses on cutting-edge mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods. De-soldering, selective dismantling, and dry separation methods (including the use of gravity, magnetic and electrostatic techniques) are discussed in detail, noting the patents related to each. The volume discusses the available industrial equipment and plant flowsheets used for WPCB recycling in detail, while addressing potential future directions of the field. This practical, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary reference will appeal to professionals throughout global industrial, academic and government institutions interested in addressing the growing problem of e-waste. Covers principles, methods and industrial applications of e-waste and PCB recycling;Details state-of-the-art mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods; Describes the available industrial equipment used and plant flowsheets for PCB recycling and addresses potential future developments of this important field.
Electronic Waste: Impact on Health, Animals, and the Environment
by Srijan Goswami Moharana Choudhury Sangita AgarwalThis book examines the detrimental impact of electronic waste on human health, animal welfare, and environmental ecosystems. The initial chapter discusses and explores the damaging effect of electronic waste on human health, animal welfare, and environmental ecosystems. The initial chapter discusses electronic waste’s sources, composition, and toxicity. The book exposes the far-reaching consequences of electronic waste on our planet, from the contamination of air, water, and soil to the alarming threats to wildlife, insects, and microorganisms. It also underscores the risks of e-waste to food safety, animal farming practices, public health, and the nervous system.Furthermore, the book delves into innovative recycling technologies, systematic management strategies, and the economic impacts associated with e-waste management, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable value chains and adopting a circular economy approach. It offers insights into the financial dimensions of e-waste management and the potential for creating sustainable value chains.It provides a comprehensive perspective on this global challenge and offers sustainable solutions for the future. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and environmentalists working to understand the harmful impact of electronic waste on health, the environment, and sustainability. The sources are composition, and toxicity of electronic waste.Key features Examines the threats posed by electronic waste (e-waste) to human, animal, and environmental health Presents sources, types, composition, and toxicity of electronic waste Places a strong emphasis on the impact of e-waste on wildlife and biodiversity, highlighting threats to ecosystems Reviews impact of electronic waste on animal farming practices and the associated health concerns Discusses innovative recycling technologies and systematic management strategies for e-waste Explores the potential for a circular economy approach in e-waste management, emphasizing sustainability
Electronic and Electrical Servicing - Level 3
by John DuntonElectronic and Electrical Servicing – Level 3 follows on from the Level 2 book and covers the more advanced electronics and electrical principles required by service engineers servicing home entertainment equipment such as TVs, CD and DVD machines, as well as commercial equipment including PCs.All the core units of the Level 3 Progression Award in Electrical and Electronics Servicing (Consumer/Commercial Electronics) from City & Guilds (C&G 6958) are covered. The book also offers a fully up-to-date course text for the City & Guilds 1687 NVQ at Level 3.The book contains numerous worked examples to help students grasp the principles. Each chapter ends with review questions, for which answers are provided at the end of the book, so that students can check their learning.Units covered:Unit 1 – Electronic principlesUnit 2 – Test and measurementUnit 3 – Analogue electronicsUnit 4 – Digital electronicsIan Sinclair has been an author of market-leading books for electronic servicing courses for over 20 years, helping many thousands of students through their college course and NVQs into successful careers. Now with a new co-author, John Dunton, the new edition has been brought fully up-to-date to reflect the most recent technical advances and developments within the service engineering industry, in particular with regard to television and PC servicing and technology.Level 2 book:Electronic and Electrical Servicing, ISBN 978-0-7506-6988-7, covers the 5 core units at Level 2, plus the option units Radio and television systems technology (Unit 6) and PC technology (Unit 8).
Electronic and Electrical Servicing: Level 2
by John DuntonElectronic and Electrical Servicing provides a thorough grounding in the electronics and electrical principles required by service engineers servicing home entertainment equipment such as TVs, CD and DVD machines, as well as commercial equipment including PCs.In the printed book, this new edition covers all the core units of the Level 2 Progression Award in Electrical and Electronics Servicing (Consumer/Commercial Electronics) from City & Guilds (C&G 6958), plus two of the option units. For those students who wish to progress to Level 3, a further set of chapters covering all the core units at this level is available as a free download from the book’s companion website or as a print-on-demand book. The book and website material also offer a fully up-to-date course text for the City & Guilds 1687 NVQs at Levels 2 and 3.The book contains numerous worked examples to help students grasp the principles. Each chapter ends with review questions, for which answers are provided at the end of the book, so that students can check their learning.Level 2 units covered in the book:Unit 1 – d.c. technology, components and circuitsUnit 2 – a.c. technology and electronic componentsUnit 3 – Electronic devices and testingUnit 4 – Electronic systemsUnit 5 – Digital electronicsUnit 6 – Radio and television systems technologyUnit 8 – PC technologyIan Sinclair has been an author of market-leading books for electronic servicing courses for over 20 years, helping many thousands of students through their college course and NVQs into successful careers. Now with a new co-author, John Dunton, the new edition has been brought fully up-to-date to reflect the most recent technical advances and developments within the service engineering industry, in particular with regard to television and PC servicing and technology.Level 3 units covered in free downloads at http://books.elsevier.com/companions/9780750669887:Unit 1 - Electronic principlesUnit 2 - Test and measurementUnit 3 - Analogue electronicsUnit 4 - Digital electronics
Electronic and Magnetic Excitations in Correlated and Topological Materials (Springer Theses)
by John S. Van DykeThis thesis reports a major breakthrough in discovering the superconducting mechanism in CeCoIn5, the “hydrogen atom” among heavy fermion compounds. By developing a novel theoretical formalism, the study described herein succeeded in extracting the crucial missing element of superconducting pairing interaction from scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments. This breakthrough provides a theoretical explanation for a series of puzzling experimental observations, demonstrating that strong magnetic interactions provide the quantum glue for unconventional superconductivity. Additional insight into the complex properties of strongly correlated and topological materials was provided by investigating their non-equilibrium charge and spin transport properties. The findings demonstrate that the interplay of magnetism and disorder with strong correlations or topology leads to complex and novel behavior that can be exploited to create the next generation of spin electronics and quantum computing devices.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Graphite-Related Systems
by Ming-Fa Lin Chiun-Yan Lin Rong-Bin Chen Yen-Hung HoThis book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D materials. It also covers potential applications, such as touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs, solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
Electronic and Structural Properties of LaNiO₃-Based Heterostructures (Springer Theses)
by Jennifer FowlieThis thesis explores an amazing family of oxide compounds - the nickelates - known for their metal-to-insulator transition and, in the case of LaNiO3, to be a possible building block for designing a synthetic high Tc superconductor. Competition between various fascinating phases makes these materials very sensitive to external parameters and it is thus possible to dramatically tune their properties. This work on ultrathin LaNiO3 and the solid solution Nd1-xLaxNiO3 has important implications for the search for superconductivity in this class of materials.
Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Materials
by Pradeep Fulay Jung-Kun LeeThis book integrates materials science with other engineering subjects such as physics, chemistry and electrical engineering. The authors discuss devices and technologies used by the electronics, magnetics and photonics industries and offer a perspective on the manufacturing technologies used in device fabrication. The new addition includes chapters on optical properties and devices and addresses nanoscale phenomena and nanoscience, a subject that has made significant progress in the past decade regarding the fabrication of various materials and devices with nanometer-scale features.
Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermoelectric Properties of Spinel Ferrite Systems: A Monte Carlo Study, Mean-Field Theory, High-Temperature Series Expansions, and Ab-Initio Calculations (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Rachid MasrourThis book explores magnetic properties and critical temperatures in inverse ferrite Fe₃⁺(M₂⁺Fe₃⁺)O₄ spinels (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni). It calculates transition and Curie Weiss temperatures, providing insights into their thermodynamic behavior. Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, it investigates electrical and magnetic structures of spinel chromite, revealing magnetic moments in MnCr₂S₄. Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are also calculated. Advanced techniques like Monte Carlo, DFT+U, and FLAPW analyze magnetic characteristics of LiMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ and electronic/magnetic structures of Fe₃O₄. High-temperature series expansions calculate Néel temperature and critical exponents, while GFT determines thermal magnetization and susceptibility. The analysis exposes exchange interactions' effects on magnetic order and introduces asymmetric phases in ferrimagnetic spinel systems. This book serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, academics, and enthusiasts seeking a comprehensive understanding of magnetic properties and critical phenomena within diverse spinel materials.
Electronically Scanned Arrays (ESAs) and K-Space Gain Formulation
by Roger A. DanaThis book fills in details that are often left out of modern books on the theory of antennas. The starting point is a discussion of some general principles that apply to all electronic systems and to antennas in particular. Just as time domain functions can be expanded in terms of sine waves using Fourier transforms, spatial domain functions can be expanded in terms of plane waves also using Fourier transforms, and K-space gain is the spatial Fourier transform of the aperture weighting function. Other topics discussed include the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) formulation of antenna gain and what is missing in this formulation, the effect of sky temperature on the often specified G/T ratio of antennas, sidelobe control using conventional and novel techniques, and ESA digital beamforming versus adaptive processing to limit interference. Presents content the author derived when first asked to evaluate the performance of an electronically scanned array under design with manufacturing imperfections and design limitations;Enables readers to understand the firm theoretical foundation of antenna gain even when they must start from well-known formulations rather than first principles;Explains in a straightforward manner the relationship between antenna gain and aperture area;Discusses the relationship between sidelobe control algorithms and aperture shape, how to take advantage of it, and what the penalties are;Shows the equivalence of Minimum-Variance, Distortionless Response (MVDR) and Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) and how these algorithms can be used with ESA subarrays to mitigate interference.