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Energy Efficient Buildings: Fundamentals of Building Science and Thermal Systems
by Zhiqiang John ZhaiEnergy Efficient Buildings A complete and authoritative discussion of the fundamentals of designing and engineering energy efficient buildings In Energy Efficient Buildings: Fundamentals of Building Science and Thermal Systems, distinguished engineer and architect Dr. John Zhai delivers a comprehensive exploration of the design and engineering fundamentals of energy efficient buildings. The book introduces the fundamental knowledge, calculations, analyses, and principles used by designers of energy efficient buildings and addresses all essential elements of the discipline. An essential guide for students studying civil, architectural, mechanical, and electrical engineering with a focus on energy, building systems, and building science, the book provides practical in-class materials, examples, and actual design practices, as well as end-of-chapter questions (with solutions) and sample group projects. Readers will find: A thorough introduction to the cross-disciplinary approach to the design of energy efficient buildings Comprehensive explorations of all critical elements of energy efficient building design, including standards and codes, psychometrics, microclimate, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, HVAC systems, and more In-depth discussions of the foundational knowledge, calculations, analysis, and principles needed to design energy efficient buildings Practical in-class examples and end-of-chapter questions with solutions for students, and design guidance and sample group projects for use in course lectures and actual design practices. Perfect for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying building environmental systems, building systems in construction, and mechanical and electrical systems in construction, Energy Efficient Buildings: Fundamentals of Building Science and Thermal Systems will also earn a place in the libraries of practicing civil, architectural, and mechanical engineers.
Energy Efficient Buildings with Solar and Geothermal Resources
by Ursula EickerA modern and unique perspective on solar and geothermal technologies for heating and cooling buildingsThis book will have a broad appeal reaching practising engineers in the industry as well as students. With introductory sections for each technology described, material includes chapters on: geothermal energy use for the heating and cooling of buildings; a chapter on electrically driven heat pumps/chillers; material on night radiative cooling, photovoltaic thermal collectors, temperature modelling and thin film photovoltaic modelling. Includes general introductory sections for each technology with market potential and applicationsCovers an increasingly important component of energy coursesConsiders a broad range of alternative renewable energy supplies relevant to the building sector, such as geothermal energy with heat pumpWith a special focus on solar cooling, provides detailed physical models of all technologies and example calculationsUnique in covering the fundamentals of meteorological modelling
Energy-Efficient Communication Processors
by Praveen Raghavan Francky Catthoor Frederik Naessens Robert FasthuberThis book describes a new design approach for energy-efficient, Domain-Specific Instruction set Processor (DSIP) architectures for the wireless baseband domain. The innovative techniques presented enable co-design of algorithms, architectures and technology, for efficient implementation of the most advanced technologies. To demonstrate the feasibility of the author's design approach, case studies are included for crucial functionality of advanced wireless systems with increased computational performance, flexibility and reusability. Designers using this approach will benefit from reduced development/product costs and greater scalability to future process technology nodes.
Energy Efficient Computation Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing (Wireless Networks)
by Ying Chen Ning Zhang Yuan Wu Sherman ShenThis book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth discussion of the state-of-the-art research literature and propose energy-efficient computation offloading and resources management for mobile edge computing (MEC), covering task offloading, channel allocation, frequency scaling and resource scheduling. Since the task arrival process and channel conditions are stochastic and dynamic, the authors first propose an energy efficient dynamic computing offloading scheme to minimize energy consumption and guarantee end devices’ delay performance. To further improve energy efficiency combined with tail energy, the authors present a computation offloading and frequency scaling scheme to jointly deal with the stochastic task allocation and CPU-cycle frequency scaling for minimal energy consumption while guaranteeing the system stability. They also investigate delay-aware and energy-efficient computation offloading in a dynamic MEC system with multiple edge servers, and introduce an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to select the best edge server for offloading and allocate the optimal computational resource such that the expected long-term utility is maximized. Finally, the authors study the multi-task computation offloading in multi-access MEC via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and accounting for the time-varying channel conditions. An online algorithm based on DRL is proposed to efficiently learn the near-optimal offloading solutions.Researchers working in mobile edge computing, task offloading and resource management, as well as advanced level students in electrical and computer engineering, telecommunications, computer science or other related disciplines will find this book useful as a reference. Professionals working within these related fields will also benefit from this book.
Energy Efficient Computing & Electronics: Devices to Systems (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Krzysztof Iniewski, Santosh K. Kurinec and Sumeet WaliaIn our abundant computing infrastructure, performance improvements across most all application spaces are now severely limited by the energy dissipation involved in processing, storing, and moving data. The exponential increase in the volume of data to be handled by our computational infrastructure is driven in large part by unstructured data from countless sources. This book explores revolutionary device concepts, associated circuits, and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation from device to circuit to system level. With chapters written by international experts in their corresponding field, the text investigates new approaches to lower energy requirements in computing. Features • Has a comprehensive coverage of various technologies • Written by international experts in their corresponding field • Covers revolutionary concepts at the device, circuit, and system levels
Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks
by Zhengguo Sheng Chi Harold LiuCompared with conventional communications, cooperative communication allows multiple users in a wireless network to coordinate their packet transmissions and share each other's resources, thus achieving high-performance gain and better service coverage and reliability. Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks provides a comp
Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles: Toward Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure)
by Antonio Sciarretta Ardalan VahidiThis book elaborates the science and engineering basis for energy-efficient driving in conventional and autonomous cars. After covering the physics of energy-efficient motion in conventional, hybrid, and electric powertrains, the book chiefly focuses on the energy-saving potential of connected and automated vehicles. It reveals how being connected to other vehicles and the infrastructure enables the anticipation of upcoming driving-relevant factors, e.g. hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movements of nearby vehicles. In turn, automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and to save energy. Lastly, the energy-efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles. Building on classical methods of powertrain modeling, optimization, and optimal control, the book further develops the theory of energy-efficient driving. In addition, it presents numerous theoretical and applied case studies that highlight the real-world implications of the theory developed. The book is chiefly intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and industry practitioners with a background in mechanical, electrical, or automotive engineering, computer science or robotics.
Energy-Efficient Electric Motors, Revised and Expanded (Electrical and Computer Engineering #1)
by Ali EmadiThis detailed reference provides guidelines for the selection and utilization of electric motors for improved reliability, performance, energy-efficiency, and life-cycle cost. Completely revised and expanded, the book reflects the recent state of the field, as well as recent developments in control electronics, the economics of energy-efficient motors and systems, and advanced power electronic drivers. It includes five new chapters covering key topics such as the fundamentals of power electronics applicable to electric motor drives, adjustable speed drives and their applications, advanced switched reluctance motor drives, and permanent magnet and brushless DC motor drives.
Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series)
by Moncef KrartiEnergy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings offers a systematic and practical analysis and design approaches for electrical distribution and utilization systems in buildings. In addition to meeting the minimal safety requirements set by the National Electrical Code (NEC), the design approach consider the life-cycle cost analysis of designing energy efficient electrical distribution systems as well as integrating renewable energy technologies into both residential and commercial buildings. The book first provides a general overview of basic power systems commonly available in buildings. Then, detailed discussions of various components of typical building electrical distribution system are outlined through several chapters including transformers, protection devices, conductors and conduits, power and lighting panels, and motor control centers. The book includes several illustrations and numerous examples and analysis exercises are included, along with detailed design examples.
Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series)
by Moncef KrartiEnergy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings, Second Edition offers a systematic and practical approaches to design and analyze electrical distribution and utilization systems in buildings. It considers safety and energy efficiency, while also focusing on sustainability and resiliency, to design electrical distribution systems for buildings. In addition, the second edition provides guidelines on how to design electrified and energy-resilient buildings. Utilizing energy efficiency, sustainability, and resiliency as important criteria, this book discusses how to meet the minimal safety requirements, set by the National Electrical Code (NEC), to select electrical power systems for buildings. It also considers the impact of building electrification on the design of electrical power systems. The second edition features a new chapter on the optimal design energy-efficient and resilient power systems. In addition, this book includes new end-of-chapter problems, examples, and case studies to enhance and reinforce student understanding. This book is intended for senior undergraduate mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering students taking courses in Electrical Systems for Buildings and Design of Building Electrical Systems. Instructors will be able to utilize an updated solutions manual and figure slides for their course.
Energy-Efficient Fault-Tolerant Systems
by Rishad A. Shafik Jimson Mathew Dhiraj K. PradhanThis book describes the state-of-the-art in energy efficient, fault-tolerant embedded systems. It covers the entire product lifecycle of electronic systems design, analysis and testing and includes discussion of both circuit and system-level approaches. Readers will be enabled to meet the conflicting design objectives of energy efficiency and fault-tolerance for reliability, given the up-to-date techniques presented.
Energy Efficient Full Duplex Wireless Communication Systems (Wireless Networks)
by Zhongxiang Wei Xu Zhu Jingjing Wang Sumei SunIn an effort to overcome the spectral efficiency loss and high latency by half-duplex (HD), full-duplex (FD) has attracted extensive attention in industry and academia. With signal transmitted and received simultaneously over the same frequency, FD can approximately double the SE over HD. More than that, by enabling the capability of simultaneous transmission-and-reception for communication nodes, full duplex (FD) is a key enabler for many 5G techniques, including but not limited to integrated sensing and communication, low-latency relaying, concurrent bi-directional uplink and downlink transmission, ect. Nevertheless, in FD communications, both transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) chains are activated for exchanging data, and additional power is triggered by self-interference cancellation. As FD requires much higher power consumption than that of half duplex (HD), it is against the green evolution requirement proposed by the future communication systems. To address the critical high-power challenge in applying FD communications, this book will introduce the fundamentals and algorithm designs for energy-efficient FD design. This book will first discuss the principle of energy-efficient communications, which aims to make a good balance between communication performance and system energy consumption. Then, this book will discuss different self-interference cancellation schemes, including passive suppression, analogue cancellation and digital cancellation for FD communications, from the prospective of energy efficiency. Subsequently, this book will present some edge-cutting energy efficiency-oriented FD solutions, including adaptive transmission power adaptation, wireless power transfer FD relaying, bi-directional FD distributed antenna systems, from the perspective of algorithm design and performance analysis.
Energy Efficient Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis Using Reconfigurable Hardware (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computer and Information Science Series)
by Jingzhao Ou Viktor K. PrasannaRapid energy estimation for energy efficient applications using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) remains a challenging research topic. Energy dissipation and efficiency have prevented the widespread use of FPGA devices in embedded systems. Helping overcome these challenges, this book offers solutions for the development of energy efficient applications using FPGAs. It provides a framework for high-level hardware-software application development, describes energy performance modeling for reconfigurable system-on-chip devices, and explores energy efficient designs for various applications. The authors present a two-step rapid energy estimation technique that enables high-level design space exploration and offer a hardware-software design for energy efficient implementations of operating systems.
Energy Efficient High Performance Processors: Recent Approaches For Designing Green High Performance Computing (Computer Architecture and Design Methodologies)
by Jawad Haj-Yahya Avi Mendelson Yosi Ben Asher Anupam ChattopadhyayThis book explores energy efficiency techniques for high-performance computing (HPC) systems using power-management methods. Adopting a step-by-step approach, it describes power-management flows, algorithms and mechanism that are employed in modern processors such as Intel Sandy Bridge, Haswell, Skylake and other architectures (e.g. ARM). Further, it includes practical examples and recent studies demonstrating how modem processors dynamically manage wide power ranges, from a few milliwatts in the lowest idle power state, to tens of watts in turbo state. Moreover, the book explains how thermal and power deliveries are managed in the context this huge power range. The book also discusses the different metrics for energy efficiency, presents several methods and applications of the power and energy estimation, and shows how by using innovative power estimation methods and new algorithms modern processors are able to optimize metrics such as power, energy, and performance. Different power estimation tools are presented, including tools that break down the power consumption of modern processors at sub-processor core/thread granularity. The book also investigates software, firmware and hardware coordination methods of reducing power consumption, for example a compiler-assisted power management method to overcome power excursions. Lastly, it examines firmware algorithms for dynamic cache resizing and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for memory sub-systems.
Energy-Efficient HVAC Design
by Javad KhazaiiThis book provides readers with essential knowledge enabling the successful design of today's new energy efficient HVAC systems. The author introduces important concepts such as Knowledge Categorization, Performance Based Design Standards, and Quantification of Uncertainty in Energy Modeling for Buildings. Pivotal topics that all HVAC and architectural engineers must master in order to navigate the green building renaissance are given focused attention, including the role of renewables, air quality, automatic controls, and thermal comfort. Relevant ASHRAE standards, as well as sustainability scoring systems such as BREEAM, HQE, LEED and CASBEE are explained in depth. Armed with the material contained in this practical reference, students and practitioners alike will become more effective and prepared for engineering success.
Energy Efficient Manufacturing: Theory and Applications
by John W. Sutherland David A. Dornfeld Barbara S. LinkeOver the last several years, manufacturers have expressed increasing interest in reducing their energy consumption and have begun to search for opportunities to reduce their energy usage. In this book, the authors explore a variety of opportunities to reduce the energy footprint of manufacturing. These opportunities cover the entire spatial scale of the manufacturing enterprise: from unit process-oriented approaches to enterprise-level strategies. Each chapter examines some aspect of this spatial scale, and discusses and describes the opportunities that exist at that level. Case studies demonstrate how the opportunity may be acted on with practical guidance on how to respond to these opportunities.
Energy Efficient Microwave Systems
by Lambert E. FeherMany individual technological solutions for microwave applications in industries have been developed without a clear pattern for a key strategy to replace conventional industrial technologies. In this work, the author shows how a modular microwave system line for very homogenous microwave fields is originated. "Energy Efficient Microwave Technologies" is designed for engineers and scientists from industry and academic research. The number of applications of this new technology is enormous: In this book, applications in the avionic field are shown as well as new methods in microwave materials processing for composite materials including new quantum aspects on microwave heating.
Energy-Efficient Modular Exponential Techniques for Public-Key Cryptography: Efficient Modular Exponential Techniques
by Satyanarayana Vollala N. Ramasubramanian Utkarsh TiwariCryptographic applications, such as RSA algorithm, ElGamal cryptography, elliptic curve cryptography, Rabin cryptosystem, Diffie -Hellmann key exchange algorithm, and the Digital Signature Standard, use modular exponentiation extensively. The performance of all these applications strongly depends on the efficient implementation of modular exponentiation and modular multiplication. Since 1984, when Montgomery first introduced a method to evaluate modular multiplications, many algorithmic modifications have been done for improving the efficiency of modular multiplication, but very less work has been done on the modular exponentiation to improve the efficiency. This research monograph addresses the question- how can the performance of modular exponentiation, which is the crucial operation of many public-key cryptographic techniques, be improved? <P><P> The book focuses on Energy Efficient Modular Exponentiations for Cryptographic hardware. Spread across five chapters, this well-researched text focuses in detail on the Bit Forwarding Techniques and the corresponding hardware realizations. Readers will also discover advanced performance improvement techniques based on high radix multiplication and Cryptographic hardware based on multi-core architectures.
Energy Efficient Non-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicles
by Johannes Unger Marcus Quasthoff Stefan JakubekThis book analyzes the main problems in the real-timecontrol of parallel hybrid electric powertrains in non-road applications thatwork in continuous high dynamic operation. It also provides practical insightsinto maximizing the energy efficiency and drivability of such powertrains. It introduces anenergy-management control structure, which considers all the physicalpowertrain constraints and uses novel methodologies to predict the future loadrequirements to optimize the controller output in terms of the entire workcycle of a non-road vehicle. The load prediction includes a methodology forshort-term loads as well as cycle detection methodology for an entire loadcycle. In this way, the energy efficiency can be maximized, and fuelconsumption and exhaust emissions simultaneously reduced. Readers gain deepinsights into the topics that need to be considered in designing an energy andbattery management system for non-road vehicles. It also becomes clear thatonly a combination of management systems can significantly increase theperformance of a controller.
Energy Efficient Spectrum Resources Usage in WPANs: IEEE 82.15.4 MAC Sub-layer Protocols (River Publishers Series in Communications and Networking)
by Luís Miguel Borges Norberto Barroca Periklis Chatzimisios Fernando José VelezWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things are facing tremendous advances both in terms of energy-efficiency as well as in the number of available applications. Consequently, there are challenges that need to be tackled for the future generation of WSNs. After giving an overview of the WSN protocols and IEEE 802.15.4 standard, this book proposes IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer performance enhancements by employing not only RTS/CTS combined with packet concatenation but also scheduled channel poling (MC-SCP). Results have shown that the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism improves channel efficiency by decreasing the deferral time before transmitting a data packet. Furthermore, the Sensor Block Acknowledgment MAC (SBACK-MAC) protocol enables more efficiency as it allows the aggregation of several acknowledgement responses in one special Block Acknowledgment (BACK) Response packet. The throughput and delay performance have been mathematically derived under both ideal conditions (a channel environment with no transmission errors) and non-ideal conditions (with transmission errors). Simulation results successfully validate the proposed analytical models. This research reveals the importance of an appropriate design for the MAC sub-layer protocol for the desired WSN application. Depending on the mission of the WSN application, different protocols are required. Therefore, the overall performance of a WSN application certainly depends on the development and application of suitable e.g., MAC, network layer protocols.
Energy-Efficient Systems for Agricultural Applications (Green Energy and Technology)
by Muhammad Sultan Takahiko MiyazakiThis book reports thermodynamic investigation, analyses, and options of temperature/humidity control systems and their technologies for agricultural applications including (but not limited to) fruits and vegetable storage, poultry air-conditioning, livestock thermal comfort, and wet market air-conditioning. The optimum temperature and humidity requirements for these agricultural applications are identified. Consequently, energy-efficient heat pump options are explored accordingly. The book helps to understand and to apply the thermodynamic knowledge of the energy-efficient systems for agricultural applications.
Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier
by Committee on Electric Power for the Dismounted SoldierThis book documents electric power requirements for the dismounted soldier on future Army battlefields, describes advanced energy concepts, and provides an integrated assessment of technologies likely to affect limitations and needs in the future. It surveys technologies associated with both supply and demand, including energy sources and systems; low-power electronics and design; communications, computers, displays, and sensors; and networks, protocols, and operations. The advanced concepts discussed are predicated on continued development by the Army of soldier systems similar to the Land Warrior system on which the committee based its projections on energy use.
Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers
by Pramod Kumar Yogendra JoshiEnergy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers examines energy flow in today's data centers. Particular focus is given to the state-of-the-art thermal management and thermal design approaches now being implemented across the multiple length scales involved. The impact of future trends in information technology hardware, and emerging software paradigms such as cloud computing and virtualization, on thermal management are also addressed. The book explores computational and experimental characterization approaches for determining temperature and air flow patterns within data centers. Thermodynamic analyses using the second law to improve energy efficiency are introduced and used in proposing improvements in cooling methodologies. Reduced-order modeling and robust multi-objective design of next generation data centers are discussed.
Energy-Efficient Train Operation: A System Approach for Railway Networks (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Shuai Su Zhongbei Tian Rob M. GoverdeThis book is closely related to the energy conservation problem of rail transport systems, focusing on reducing the energy consumption of train operation. The system process of train operation is analyzed and the relationship between train operation and energy consumption is introduced. The fundamental theories, modelling and application of technologies for energy-efficient train driving are presented, discussing timely topics such as energy-efficient train control and timetabling, integrated timetabling and regenerative braking, and maximizing regenerated energy usage with energy storage systems. In addition, the modelling and application of a traction power simulation platform is introduced, to calculate the detailed energy flow over a railway network. The book is enriched with a set of practical examples to illustrate the performance of the proposed methods in improving energy efficiency of both urban and long-distance trains. Overall, the book provides a timely guide to professionals in the railway industry, and to researchers and graduate students in transport, electrical and control engineering.
Energy-Efficient VCSELs for Optical Interconnects
by Philip MoserThis dissertation provides the first systematic analysis of the dynamic energy efficiency of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for optical interconnects, a key technology to address the pressing ecological and economic issues of the exponentially growing energy consumption in data centers. Energy-efficient data communication is one of the most important elds in "Green Photonics" enabling higher bit rates at signicantly reduced energy consumption per bit. In this thesis the static and dynamic properties of GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm and 980 nm are analyzed and general rules for achieving energy-efficient data transmission using VCSELs at any wavelength are derived. These rules are verified in data transmission experiments leading to record energy-efficient data transmission across a wide range of multimode optical fiber distances and at high temperatures up to 85°C. Important trade-offs between energy efficiency, temperature stability, modulation bandwidth, low current-density operation and other VCSEL properties are revealed and discussed.