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Energy in Agriculture Under Climate Change (SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies)
by Nader Noureldeen MohamedThis book discusses the role of energy in agriculture which reaches 30%, and the role of agriculture in energy where the water shred by 17% in total electricity generation in addition to the role of bioenergy as a source of liquid energy. Climate change and global heating will increase the temperature and that will affect plant growth, water availability and the share of electricity in agriculture and other energy phases in agriculture. Global heating means more water pumping, more uses of fertilizers and pesticides in which intensive power consumption in addition to need of more electricity for air-condition inside the greenhouses, the manufacturing of hormone and plant growth organizers will also consume more energy. Finally, the book explains why the water, energy and food become one nexus and the interaction and interference between them.This book will have valuable information for both students and faculties of engineering and agriculture in addition to research centers, water institutions and climate change specialists.
Energy in Agroecosystems: A Tool for Assessing Sustainability (Advances in Agroecology)
by Gloria I. Casado Manuel Gonzalez de MolinaEnergy in Agroecosystems: A Tool for Assessing Sustainability is the first book on energy analysis that is up-to-date and specifically dedicated to agriculture. It is written from an agroecological perspective and goes beyond the conventional analysis of the efficient use of energy. The book provide a methodological guide to assess energy efficiency and sustainability from an eco-energetic point of view. <P><P> Case studies from both Europe and America, which are representative of today’s most used scales of analysis (crop, farm, local or national) and the different farm management practices (traditional, industrialized, and contemporary organic), apply this methodology This book will be of primary interest to researchers, practitioners, and students working in the areas of agroecology, sustainable agriculture, environmental science, energy analysis, natural resources management, rural development and international development.
Energy in Australia
by Graham PalmerWith rapidly declining costs and seemingly unlimited sunshine, the choice of solar in Australia seems obvious. Yet despite its many advantages, homes with solar remain completely dependent on the electricity grid for reliable supply, which in Australia implies mostly coal-fired generation. Indeed, even countries that have invested heavily in solar, such as Spain and Germany, have been unable to deflect the trajectory of fossil fuel dependence. The reasons for this apparent paradox are varied, and this book provides a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the practical applications of photovoltaics (PV) in modern electricity systems. While the conventional life-cycle assessment (LCA) boundaries as prescribed by the IEA-PVPS provide a consistent methodology for comparing evolving PV technologies, the narrow boundaries exclude many critical downstream energy costs. Similarly, simple cost comparisons of PV versus conventional power sources overlook the significant economic and energy costs of intermittency and grid integration. Yet distributed storage, which could provide potentially valuable network support, is frequently given a low priority by advocates of solar. Treating PV as an extension of, rather than as a substitute for, the fossil fuel enterprise enables a more productive discussion of PV's potential role in electricity generation. The sunburnt country of Australia, which has a modern electricity system, is an ideal case study for exploring the potential of solar PV. With a focus on rooftop solar, energy storage, grid integration, and electricity system issues, Energy in Australia offers valuable insights into the practical challenges of solar power. Although many national economies are already confronting a downward trend in energy return on investment (EROI) of oil and gas from both conventional and unconventional sources, the large-scale deployment of low-emission energy sources that lie below a critical minimum EROI threshold may ultimately prove counter-productive.
Energy in Perspective
by Mark CronshawThis textbook provides broad coverage of energy supply and use. It discusses how energy is produced, transformed, delivered to end users, and consumed. The author discusses all of this at an undergraduate level, accessible to students of varying backgrounds. High-level and human-scale perspectives are included. As a high-level example, the book discusses the shares of global primary energy that are provided by oil, gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and renewables, as well as trends in energy consumption and supply over time. Human-scale examples will resonate with readers’ every day experiences. The link between economic development and energy consumption is presented, which facilitates understanding of how global energy consumption growth is inevitable as economic development occurs. Coverage includes separate chapters on the oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity sectors. Each of these provides high-level descriptions of the technology involved in the production of that type of energy as well as the processing and transportation that occurs to bring the energy to end users. The book discusses the technological implications of energy transitions such as increased use of renewables or changes in the use of nuclear energy using Germany and Japan as examples. It closes with a discussion of future energy use.
Energy Informatics
by Sebastian Gottwalt Lukas König Hartmut SchmeckThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th D-A-CH Conference on Energy Informatics, D-A-CH EI 2015, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in November 2015. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed energy sources and storage, smart meters and monitoring, research lab infrastructures, electric mobility, communication and security, and modeling and simulation.
Energy Intermittency
by Bent SorensenThe first book to consider intermittency as a key point of an energy system, Energy Intermittency describes different levels of variability for traditional and renewable energy sources, presenting detailed solutions for handling energy intermittency through trade, collaboration, demand management, and active energy storage. Addressing energy supply intermittency systematically, this practical text: Analyzes typical time-distributions and intervals between episodes of demand-supply mismatch and explores their dependence on system layouts and energy source characteristics Simulates scenarios regarding resource time-flow, energy conversion devices, and demand structure to assist in evaluating the technical viability of the proposed solutions Discusses the conditions for establishing such systems in terms of economic requirements and regulatory measures In one concise and convenient volume, Energy Intermittency provides a comprehensive overview of all the causes and remedies of energy supply intermittency.
Energy Internet: Systems and Applications
by Ahmed F Zobaa Junwei CaoThis textbook is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the energy Internet, a vast network that efficiently supplies electricity to anyone anywhere and is an internet based wide area network for information and energy fusion. The chapters are organized into five parts: Architecture and Design, Energy Switching and Routing, Information and Communication, Energy Management Systems and Energy Market and Trading, and capture the spectrum of this exponential transformation, while also presenting the plethora of open problems that this transformation poses for researchers from mixed academic backgrounds. The scope includes key technologies on distributed energy sources, microgrids, energy storage, solar and wind energy, power grid, smart grid, power quality, power electronics, data centers, distributed computing and networking, cloud computing and big data, and software-defined networking. The book presents the basic principles of energy internet and emphasizes the current research trends in the field of energy Internet at an advanced level. It includes instructor materials, case-studies, and worked examples throughout. This is an ideal resource for students in advanced graduate-level courses and special topics in energy, information and control systems, and is a useful tool for utility engineers who seek an intuitive understanding of the emerging applications of energy Internet.
Energy Internet and We-Energy (Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Storage)
by Qiuye SunThis book focuses on the framework and implementation of energy integration systems with energy and smart-control technologies. It describes in detail We-Energy, a novel energy interaction mode based on a cyber-physical-economy-energy model, which can be adopted to solve the problem of energy supply and utilization. It then analyzes the key devices and technologies for developing the Energy Internet, such as converters, energy-conversion devices, system-level connection devices, optimization control strategies, cyber-physical system security, energy-system stability, communication technologies’ operating modes and distributed optimization algorithms, to enable readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Lastly, it offers an outlook on the development of the Energy Internet, providing a reference for cross-integration between different disciplines.The book is an indispensable resource for power enterprises, manufacturers in the power-supply industry, and researchers in the field of Energy Internet application. It is also useful for university and college teachers and students seeking to deepen their understanding of the Energy Internet, as well as for readers interested in the Energy Internet correlation techniques.
Energy Island: How One Community Harnessed the Wind and Changed Their World
by Allan DrummondEnergy Island is a true inspiring story of a small island in Denmark that became completely energy independent, primarily by using wind energy.
Energy Issues and Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: Insights from Mexico (Strategies for Sustainability)
by Francisco J. Lozano Alberto Mendoza Arturo MolinaWithout energy, there is no well-functioning economy, besides facing social risks. This book provides a systemic approach to energy in Mexico and its relations to the USA arising from the energy reform of the former. It covers the transition from fossil fuels to a low-carbon economy, relying heavily on renewable sources and mitigating climate change risks. Several human knowledge disciplines and topics are covered in the book, including public policy, economics, transboundary issues, electricity and thermal energy, residual biomass use, distributed energy systems and its management, and decision-making tools. An analysis is considered regarding energy issues interaction in the Mexican-USA border, which differ in both countries from pricing and policy, and the work and research that has been developed for transboundary energy trade.
Energy Justice Across Borders
by Gunter Bombaerts Kirsten Jenkins Yekeen A. Sanusi Wang GuoyuThis book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.We must find new and innovative ways of conceptualizing transboundary energy issues, of embedding concerns of ethics or justice into energy policy, and of operationalizing response to them. This book stems from the emergent gap; the need for comparative approaches to energy justice, and for those that consider ethical traditions that go beyond the classical Western approach. This edited volume unites the fields of energy justice and comparative philosophy to provide an overarching global perspective and approach to applying energy ethics. We contribute to this purpose in four sections: setting the scene, practice, applying theory to practice, and theoretical approaches. Through the chapters featured in the volume, we position the book as one that contributes to energy justice scholarship across borders of nations, borders of ways of thinking and borders of disciplines. The outcome will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying energy justice, ethics and environment, as well as energy scholars, policy makers, and energy analysts.
The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa
by Bruno G. Pollet Iain Staffell Kerry-Ann AdamsonA timely overview of the energy landscape in South Africa (RSA) is presented in this Springerbrief. The background and context to the current situation, and analysis of the policies being put forward by the government for the near future are described. Four broad areas are covered: reserves and production of fossil fuels, the electricity sector, the rapidly growing exploitation of renewable energy, and the recent push towards developing an industry around hydrogen and fuel cells. This Springerbrief presents a methodical review of the energy landscape in RSA, covering the general situation, the supply and demand for energy, and the structure of the energy sector (Chapters 1&2). Chapter 3 presents data and analysis of the country's fossil fuels, electricity generation, and the chemistry of green, future sources of energy, production and the role of industry. Chapter 4 discusses recent developments, including the impact on green jobs and green funds, and Chapter 5 reflects on the policies that have been proposed and their potential implications.
Energy Level Alignment and Electron Transport Through Metal/Organic Contacts
by Enrique AbadIn recent years, ever more electronic devices have started to exploit the advantages of organic semiconductors. The work reported in this thesis focuses on analyzing theoretically the energy level alignment of different metal/organic interfaces, necessary to tailor devices with good performance. Traditional methods based on density functional theory (DFT), are not appropriate for analyzing them because they underestimate the organic energy gap and fail to correctly describe the van der Waals forces. Since the size of these systems prohibits the use of more accurate methods, corrections to those DFT drawbacks are desirable. In this work a combination of a standard DFT calculation with the inclusion of the charging energy (U) of the molecule, calculated from first principles, is presented. Regarding the dispersion forces, incorrect long range interaction is substituted by a van der Waals potential. With these corrections, the C60, benzene, pentacene, TTF and TCNQ/Au(111) interfaces are analyzed, both for single molecules and for a monolayer. The results validate the induced density of interface states model.
Energy-Level Control at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Semiconductor Interfaces
by Raphael SchlesingerThis work investigates the energy-level alignment of hybrid inorganic/organic systems (HIOS) comprising ZnO as the major inorganic semiconductor. In addition to offering essential insights, the thesis demonstrates HIOS energy-level alignment tuning within an unprecedented energy range. (Sub)monolayers of organic molecular donors and acceptors are introduced as an interlayer to modify HIOS interface-energy levels. By studying numerous HIOS with varying properties, the author derives generally valid systematic insights into the fundamental processes at work. In addition to molecular pinning levels, he identifies adsorption-induced band bending and gap-state density of states as playing a crucial role in the interlayer-modified energy-level alignment, thus laying the foundation for rationally controlling HIOS interface electronic properties. The thesis also presents quantitative descriptions of many aspects of the processes, opening the door for innovative HIOS interfaces and for future applications of ZnO in electronic devices.
Energy Limits in Computation: A Review of Landauer’s Principle, Theory and Experiments
by Craig S. Lent Alexei O. Orlov Wolfgang Porod Gregory L. SniderThis book is a single-source reference to the issues involved in the Landauer principle, which has gained new prominence recently, due to the large amount of heat generated by today’s computers. If Landauer’s principle is correct, there may be ways to build computers that dissipate far less power (corresponding to heat generated) than today’s computers. This book brings together all sides of the discussions regarding Landauer’s principle, both theoretical and experimental, empowering readers to gain better understanding of dissipation in computation, and the limits if any to progress in computation related to energy dissipation. It represents the best and most thorough examination of the important issue of Landauer’s principle that is available in one volume.Provides an in-depth investigation of the Landauer principle and how it relates to the possible existence of lower bounds on dissipation in computation;Gathers together both sides of the discussion: those who agree with Landauer and his conclusions, and those who think that Landauer was not correct, offering fresh perspective on the issues in the new light of experiments;Offers insight into the future of silicon CMOS and the limits if any to progress in computation related to energy dissipation.
Energy Management: Big Data in Power Load Forecasting
by Valentin A. BoiceaThis book introduces the principle of carrying out a medium-term load forecast (MTLF) at power system level, based on the Big Data concept and Convolutionary Neural Network (CNNs). It also presents further research directions in the field of Deep Learning techniques and Big Data, as well as how these two concepts are used in power engineering. Efficient processing and accuracy of Big Data in the load forecast in power engineering leads to a significant improvement in the consumption pattern of the client and, implicitly, a better consumer awareness. At the same time, new energy services and new lines of business can be developed. The book will be of interest to electrical engineers, power engineers, and energy services professionals.
Energy Management: Conservation and Audits
by Anil Kumar Om Prakash Prashant Singh Chauhan Samsher GautamEnergy Management: Conservation and Audit discusses the energy scenario, including energy conservation, management, and audit, along with the methodology supported by industrial examples. Energy economics of systems has been elaborated with concepts of life cycle assessment and costing, and rate of return. Topics such as energy storage, co-generation, and waste heat recovery to energy efficiency have discussed. The challenges faced in conserving energy sources (steam and electricity) have elaborated along with the improvements in the lighting sector. Further, it covers optimization procedures for the development in the industry related to energy conservation. The researchers, senior undergraduate, and graduate students focused on Energy Management, Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Audits, and Energy Conservation. This book covers current information related to energy management and includes energy audit and review all the leading equipment (boilers, CHP, pumps, heat exchangers) as well as procedural frameworks (energy audits, action planning, monitoring). It includes energy production and management from an industrial perspective, along with highlighting the various processes involved in energy conservation and auditing in various sectors and associated methods. It also explores future energy options and directions for energy security and sustainability.
Energy Management and Conservation Handbook (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series)
by Frank Kreith and D. Yogi GoswamiEnergy is the mainstay of industrial societies, and without an adequate supply of energy the social, political and economic stability of nations is put into jeopardy. With supplies of inexpensive fossil fuels decreasing, and climate change factors becoming more threatening, the need to conserve energy and move steadily to more sustainable energy sources is more urgent than ever before. The updated Second Edition of this successful handbook includes chapters from leading experts on the economics and fiscal management of energy, with a focus on the tools available to advance efficiency and conservation measures. Updated coverage of renewable energy sources, energy storage technologies, energy audits for buildings and building systems, and demand-side management is provided. The appendix of the handbook provides extensive data resources for analysis and calculation.
Energy Management and Efficiency for the Process Industries
by Beth P. Jones Alan P. RossiterProvides a unique overview of energy management for the process industries Provides an overall approach to energy management and places the technical issues that drive energy efficiency in context Combines the perspectives of freewheeling consultants and corporate insiders In two sections, the book provides the organizational framework (Section 1) within which the technical aspects of energy management, described in Section 2, can be most effectively executed Includes success stories from three very different companies that have achieved excellence in their energy management efforts Covers energy management, including the role of the energy manager, designing and implementing energy management programs, energy benchmarking, reporting, and energy management systems Technical topics cover efficiency improvement opportunities in a wide range of utility systems and process equipment types, as well as techniques to improve process design and operation
Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Industry: Practical Examples (Green Energy and Technology)
by Durmuş Kaya Fatma Çanka Kılıç Hasan Hüseyin ÖztürkThis book is presented to demonstrate how energy efficiency can be achieved in existing systems or in the design of a new system, as well as a guide for energy savings opportunities. Accordingly, the content of the book has been enriched with many examples applied in the industry. Thus, it is aimed to provide energy savings by successfully managing the energy in the readers’ own businesses. The authors primarily present the necessary measurement techniques and measurement tools to be used for energy saving, as well as how to evaluate the methods that can be used for improvements in systems. The book also provides information on how to calculate the investments to be made for these necessary improvements and the payback periods. The book covers topics such as: • Reducing unit production costs by ensuring the reduction of energy costs, • Efficient and quality energy use, • Meeting market needs while maintaining competitive conditions, • Ensuring the protection of the environment by reducing CO2 and CO emissions with energy saving and energy efficiency, • Ensuring the correct usage of systems by carrying out energy audits. In summary, this book explains how to effectively design energy systems and manage energy to increase energy savings. In addition, the study has been strengthened by giving some case studies and their results in the fields of intensive energy consumption in industry. This book is an ideal resource for practitioners, engineers, researchers, academics, employees and investors in the fields of energy, energy management, energy efficiency and energy saving.
Energy Management and Operating Costs in Buildings
by Keith MossManaging the consumption and conservation of energy in buildings must now become the concern of both building managers and occupants. The provision of lighting, hot water supply, communications, cooking, space heating and cooling accounts for 45 per cent of UK energy consumption.Energy Management and Operating Costs in Buildings introduces the reader to the principles of managing and conserving energy consumpton in buildings people use for work or leisure. Energy consumption is considered for the provision of space heating, hot water, supply ventilation and air conditioning. The author introduces the use of standard performance indicators and energy consumption yardsticks, and discusses the use and application of degree days.
Energy Management for the Metals Industry
by Cynthia K. BeltEnergy management training and solutions are not one size fits all. While some general methods apply, the metals industry has its own unique processes and environments for which a more tailored approach is necessary. Aimed at managers, engineers, and supervisors working in the metals industry, Energy Management for the Metals Industry offers specifics that can help readers in the metals field achieve energy savings for their companies. The book explains general energy management methods and offers approaches germane to the metals industry. It discusses the benefits and reasons for implementing an energy management program and the requirements necessary to begin one. The book covers defining and measuring performance, setting baselines, and benchmarking a plant and its processes. It also discusses analyzing data, identifying projects, improving processes, setting goals, and creating an action plan, while controlling and evaluating progress. Real-world examples highlight concepts and illustrate potential pitfalls.
Energy Management in Buildings: The Earthscan Expert Guide (Earthscan Expert)
by David ThorpeThe role of the energy manager has evolved significantly as the task of cutting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings has become increasingly important. Managers are now technical experts, negotiators, construction project managers, procurement specialists, efficiency advocates and often provide energy services to others. This comprehensive book covers how to: • conduct an energy audit • plan a monitoring and verification strategy • make any energy-saving campaign successful • evaluate and make the financial case for energy-saving measures • make use of free energy for lighting and managing heat loss and gain. It also contains special chapters on: • ventilation, heating and cooling • demand management through automated systems • lighting • most requirements of industrial facilities • regulatory requirements in Britain, Europe and the United States • the use of smart meters and monitoring • how to achieve zero energy buildings • the use of renewable energy. For all professional energy, building and facilities managers, energy consultants, students, trainees and academics. It takes the reader from basic concepts to the latest advanced thinking, with principles applicable anywhere in the world and in any climate.
Energy Management in Illuminating Systems
by Kao ChenAs our dependence on and need for abundant energy grows, it becomes increasingly important for engineers and managers to develop and maintain energy efficient systems and build effective energy management programs. Energy Management in Illuminating Systems presents the latest concepts, innovative methods, and state-of-the art technologies in commercial or industrial lighting systems and energy management.An effective energy management program comprises three essential elements: organization, technology, and economics. However, the success of any management program clearly must begin with an energy effective illuminating system, which in turn depends upon using sound engineering analysis and design principles during the projects early stages. In this book, the author-with long and unique experience in the field-provides the details of proven methods for achieving these goals. He presents:How to organize and operate the illumination energy management programThe elements of designing energy effective illuminating systems-systems that can also increase worker productivity and reduce operating costsThe latest in efficient system components, including light sources, ballasts, and luminairesHow to evaluate energy efficiency, including discussion of the impact of energy efficient equipment on power quality, harmonics, the ""K"" factor, and lighting energy standards Energy Management in Illuminating Systems shows how to design and manage energy effective lighting systems for industrial or commercial facilities. With this book, designers, engineers, and managers finally have a complete, how-to guide for applying practical energy management principles to various systems of illumination.
Energy Management in Industry: The Earthscan Expert Guide (Earthscan Expert)
by David ThorpeEnergy demand reduction is fast becoming a business activity for all companies and organisations because it can increase profits regardless of the nature of their core activity. The International Energy Agency believes that industry could improve its energy efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by almost a third using the best available practices and technologies. This guide looks at the many ways available to energy managers to achieve or even exceed this level of performance, including: base-lining consumption planning a monitoring and verification strategy metering (including smart, wireless metering) energy supply management motors and drives compressed air and process controls. Uniquely, it includes a whole chapter on greening data centres. It also looks at topics covered in greater detail in its companion volume, Energy Management in Buildings: insulation, lighting, renewable heating, cooling and HVAC systems. Further chapters examine minimising water use and how to make the financial case, both to prioritise measures for cost effectiveness, and to get management on board. This title is aimed at all professional energy, industry and facilities managers, energy consultants, students, trainees and academics and can be read alongside training for ISO 50001 - Energy Management Systems. It takes the reader from basic concepts to the latest advanced thinking, with principles applicable anywhere in the world and in any climate.