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Enhancing Reflection within Situated Learning: Incorporating Mindfulness As An Instructional Strategy (Springerbriefs In Educational Communications And Technology Ser.)
by Alexis M. Stoner Katherine S. CennamoThis innovative brief provides guidance on promoting reflection in situated learning by incorporating mindfulness strategies, tapping into a surge of research interest in exploring mindfulness as an instructional strategy associated with positive learning outcomes. It illustrates the benefits of continuous reflection within situated learning and how mindfulness can be incorporated before, during, and after the learning experience to enhance the reflective experience. Critically, the authors present a new conceptual model that synthesizes theories and methods from three different areas of study—mindfulness, situated learning, and reflection— to provide a new perspective and instructional approach that has great potential to positively impact outcomes in situated learning.Among the other topics covered:• Strategies for reflection in situated learning.• Strategies for reflection-in-action in situated learning.• Mindfulness strategies for situated learning.• A conceptual model incorporating mindfulness to enhance reflection.Enhancing Reflection within Situated Learning is an exciting and pioneering resource that offers practical guidance to educators and instructional designers interested in incorporating methods and approaches for integrating mindfulness and reflection across instructional environments.
Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate: Interdisciplinary and Convergence Approaches
by Anandkumar Naorem Deepesh MachiwalThis contributed volume describes management practices based on interdisciplinary and convergence science approaches from different disciplines of agricultural science to enhance the resilience of dryland agriculture. The main focus of this book is to address the current issues and trends along with future prospects and challenges in adopting salient agricultural management practices in drylands globally under a climate-change scenario. Climate change and global warming have profound repercussions on increasing frequency, severity, and duration of droughts and/or floods, which may have implications for future productivity of dryland agriculture, e.g., more water shortages or abundances and high or low runoff rates, diminished crop yields, and reduced water productivity. In past few years, many technological advancements and management strategies have been evolved to tackle the climate-induced risks of dryland agriculture considering interdisciplinary and convergence approaches that integrate knowledge from multi-disciplines. This book is an attempt to bridge the gap in literature by unraveling controversies and characteristics of dryland ecosystems under the changing climate and dealing with detailed procedures of applying the advanced practices adapted to climate change for management of dryland agriculture. This edited book is of interest to ecologists, economists, environmentalists, geologists, horticulturalists, hydrologists, soil scientists, social scientists, natural resource conservationists and policy makers dealing with dryland agriculture. This book offers a broad understanding of dryland agriculture and assists the reader to identify both the current as well as the probable future state of dryland agriculture in a global context.
Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms: Learning from the TLIII project Experiences in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
by Essegbemon Akpo Chris O. Ojiewo Issoufou Kapran Lucky O. Omoigui Agathe Diama Rajeev K. VarshneyThis open access book shares the experiences of Tropical Legumes III (TLIII) project in facilitating access to seed of improved legume varieties to smallholder farmers through innovation platforms. It highlights practices and guiding principles implemented in eight developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This book details key processes that respective teams employed to create an innovation space that delivers seed, other inputs, knowledge and financial services to agricultural communities and most importantly, the underserved farmers in remote areas of the drylands. It offers valuable insights into the pathway to establishing, promoting and operating innovation platforms to enhance the performance and competitiveness of legume crops’ value chains, and addresses critical issues that must be considered to make innovation platforms more sustainable and attractive to beneficiaries. The book offers a wealth of practical insights for development workers, technical staff, and project managers. This publication is all about TLIII community of practice. It will definitely inspire other development workers and scientists to share their own experiences for others to learn from.
Enhancing Surgical Performance: A Primer in Non-technical Skills
by Rhona Flin Steven Yule George YoungsonEnhancing Surgical Performance: A Primer in Non-Technical Skills explains why non-technical skills are vital for safe and effective performance in the operating theatre. The book provides a full account, with supporting empirical evidence, of the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) system and behavioural rating framework, which helps identify the key elements involved in successful operative surgery. <P><P>The editors spent the last twelve years as part of the team developing and testing the NOTSS system and delivering presentations and workshops across the world. Readers will benefit by having, in one accessible handbook, a description of the NOTSS system and how it can be used for training, assessment, self-reflection and event analysis. <P><P>The book also examines human error, performance limitations, and global safety initiatives in surgery. Because it encourages surgeons to reflect on their own performance and behaviour, it is suitable for surgeons in all specialties and at all levels.
Enhancing Surrogate-Based Optimization Through Parallelization (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1099)
by Frederik RehbachThis book presents a solution to the challenging issue of optimizing expensive-to-evaluate industrial problems such as the hyperparameter tuning of machine learning models. The approach combines two well-established concepts, Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) and parallelization, to efficiently search for optimal parameter setups with as few function evaluations as possible.Through in-depth analysis, the need for parallel SBO solvers is emphasized, and it is demonstrated that they outperform model-free algorithms in scenarios with a low evaluation budget. The SBO approach helps practitioners save significant amounts of time and resources in hyperparameter tuning as well as other optimization projects. As a highlight, a novel framework for objectively comparing the efficiency of parallel SBO algorithms is introduced, enabling practitioners to evaluate and select the most effective approach for their specific use case.Based on practical examples, decision support is delivered, detailing which parts of industrial optimization projects can be parallelized and how to prioritize which parts to parallelize first. By following the framework, practitioners can make informed decisions about how to allocate resources and optimize their models efficiently.
Enhancing Synergies in a Collaborative Environment
by Pablo Cortés Elvira Maeso-González Alejandro Escudero-SantanaThis volume contains a selection of the best papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management, XX International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, and International IIE Conference 2014, hosted by ADINGOR, ABEPRO and the IIE, whose mission is to promote links between researchers and practitioners from different branches, to enhance an interdisciplinary perspective of industrial engineering and management. The conference topics covered: operations research, modelling and simulation, computer and information systems, operations research, scheduling and sequencing, logistics, production and information systems, supply chain and logistics, transportation, lean management, production planning and control, production system design, reliability and maintenance, quality management, sustainability and eco-efficiency, marketing and consumer behavior, business administration and strategic management, economic and financial management, technological and organizational innovation, strategy and entrepreneurship, economics engineering, enterprise engineering, global operations and cultural factors, operations strategy and performance, management social responsibility, environment and sustainability. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners working in any of the fields mentioned above.
Enhancing the Internet with the CONVERGENCE System
by Fernando Almeida Maria Teresa Andrade Nicola Blefari Melazzi Richard Walker Heinrich Hussmann Iakovos S. VenierisConvergence proposes the enhancement of the Internet with a novel, content-centric, publish-subscribe service model based on the versatile digital item (VDI): a common container for all kinds of digital content, including digital representations of real-world resources. VDIs will serve the needs of the future Internet, providing a homogeneous method for handling structured information, incorporating security and privacy mechanisms. CONVERGENCE subsumes the following areas of research: · definition of the VDI as a new fundamental unit of distribution and transaction; · content-centric networking functionality to complement or replace IP-address-based routing; · security and privacy protection mechanisms; · open-source middleware, including a community dictionary service to enable rich semantic searches; · applications, tested under real-life conditions. This book shows how CONVERGENCE allows publishing, searching and subscribing to any content. Creators can publish their content by wrapping it and its descriptions into a VDI, setting rights for other users to access this content, monitor its use, and communicate with people using it; they may even update or revoke content previously published. Access to content is more efficient, as search engines exploit VDI metadata for indexing, and the network uses the content name to ensure users always access the copy closest to them. Every node in the network is a content cache; handover is easy; multicast is natural; peer-to-peer is built-in; time/space-decoupling is possible. Application developers can exploit CONVERGENCE's middleware and network without having to resort to proprietary/ad hoc solutions for common/supporting functionality. Operators can use the network more efficiently, better controlling information transfer and related revenues flows. Network design, operation and management are simplified by integrating diverse functions and avoiding patches and stopgap solutions. Whether as a text for graduate students working on the future of the Internet, or a resource for practitioners providing e-commerce or multimedia services, or scientists defining new technologies, CONVERGENCE will make a valuable contribution to the future shape of the Internet.
Enhancing the Light Output of Solid-State Emitters (Springer Theses)
by Christopher WoodheadThe significance of the development of solid-state lighting was underscored by the award of a Nobel Prize in 2014. It is important to build upon this work and to produce practical and versatile sources of quantum light, because these are essential components for the advancement of quantum photonic devices. These devices, in turn, promise new technologies that have the potential to revolutionize society. This book explores various ways of coupling quantum light into, and out of, solid-state emitters. The research presented here has led to important discoveries that will help overcome major challenges in this field.
Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Smart Antennas
by Somprakash Bandyopadhyay Siuli Roy Tetsuro UedaA large portion of the network capacity of an ad hoc network can be wasted by the medium access mechanisms of omni-directional antennas. To overcome this problem, researchers propose the use of directional or adaptive antennas that largely reduce radio interference, improving the utilization of wireless medium and the resulting network throughput.
Enhancing Undergraduate Learning with Information Technology: A Workshop Summary
by Margaret HiltonEnhancing Undergraduate Learning with Information Technology reports on a meeting of scientists, policy makers, and researchers convened to discuss new approaches to undergraduate science, mathematics, and technology education.The goal of the workshop was to inform workshop participants and the public about issues surrounding the use of information technology in education. To reach this goal, the workshop participants paid particular attention to the following issues: What educational technologies currently exist and how they are being used to transform undergraduate science, engineering, mathematics, and technology education; What is known about the potential future impact of information technology on teaching and learning at the undergraduate level; How to evaluate the impact of information technology on teaching and learning; and What the future might hold.
Enjeux contemporains de l'éducation scientifique et technologique (Collection Questions en éducation)
by Hasni, Abdelkrim; Lebeaume, JoëlAu cours de la dernière décennie, l’enseignement scolaire au Québec et en France a été profondément renouvelé et reconfiguré par des actions publiques en matière d’éducation et par les missions affectées à l’enseignement obligatoire. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage considèrent cette problématique en éducation scientifique et technologique. Ils montrent à la fois la diversité et la complémentarité des reconfigurations contemporaines de l’éducation scientifique et technologique dans la scolarité, touchant des sujets tels que l’enseignement général, l’enseignement agricole, la formation des enseignants, la formation citoyenne et l’éducation à l’environnement et au développement durable. Par les thématiques abordées, ils questionnent autant les curriculums dans leurs relations aux pratiques d’enseignement en classe que les impacts sur les objets et les questions de recherche en didactique. Avec des articles rédigés par Pierre Degret, Marc Boutet, André Giordan, Jean-Louis Martinand, Ghislain Samson et Laurence Simonneaux.
The Enlightened Joseph Priestley: A Study of His Life and Work from 1733 to 1773
by Robert SchofieldJoseph Priestley (1733–1804) is one of the major figures of the English Enlightenment. A contemporary and friend of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, he exceeded even these polymaths in the breadth of his curiosity and learning. Yet no one has attempted an all-inclusive biography of Priestley, probably because he was simply too many persons for anyone easily to comprehend in a single study. Robert Schofield has devoted a lifetime of scholarship to this task. The result is a magisterial book, covering the life and works of Priestley during the critical first forty years of his life. <P><P>Although Priestley is best known as a chemist, this book is considerably more than a study in the history of science. As any good biographer must, Schofield has thoroughly studied the many activities in which Priestley was engaged. Among them are theology, electricity, chemistry, politics, English grammar, rhetoric, and educational philosophy. Schofield situates Priestley, the provincial dissenter, within the social, political, and intellectual contexts of his day and examines all the works Priestley wrote and published during this period. <P><P>Schofield singles out the first forty years of Priestley's life because these were the years of preparation and trial during which Priestley qualified for the achievements that were to make him famous. The discovery of oxygen, the defenses of Unitarianism, and the political liberalism that characterize the mature Priestley—all are foreshadowed in the young Priestley. A brief epilogue looks ahead to the next thirty years when Priestley was forced out of England and settled in Pennsylvania, the subject of Schofield's next book. But this volume stands alone as the definitive study of the making of Joseph Priestley.
Enriched Methane
by Angelo Basile Marcello FalcoThis book brings together recent research from across the world on enriched methane, and examines the production, distribution and use of this resource in internal combustion engines and gas turbines. It aims to provide readers with an extensive account of potential technological breakthroughs which have the capacity to revolutionize energy systems. Enriched methane, a gas mixture composed by methane and hydrogen (10-30%vol), constitutes the first realistic step towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. It provides strong benefits in terms of emissions reduction, that is -11% of CO2, eq emission with the combustion of a 30%vol H2 mixture, if hydrogen is produced from renewable energy sources. Enriched methane offers the following advantages: * it can be produced at competitive costs; * it can be distributed by means of the medium pressure natural gas grid; * it can be stored in traditional natural gas storage systems; This book is intended for academics in chemical engineering and energy production, distribution and storage. It is also intended for energy producers, engineering companies and R&D organizations.
Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production
by Vaclav SmilThe industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has been of greater fundamental importance to the modern world than the invention of the airplane, nuclear energy, space flight, or television. The expansion of the world's population from 1. 6 billion people in 1900 to today's six billion would not have been possible without the synthesis of ammonia. In Enriching the Earth, Vaclav Smil begins with a discussion of nitrogen's unique status in the biosphere, its role in crop production, and traditional means of supplying the nutrient. He then looks at various attempts to expand natural nitrogen flows through mineral and synthetic fertilizers. The core of the book is a detailed narrative of the discovery of ammonia synthesis by Fritz Haber -- a discovery scientists had sought for over one hundred years -- and its commercialization by Carl Bosch and the chemical company BASF. Smil also examines the emergence of the large-scale nitrogen fertilizer industry and analyzes the extent of global dependence on the Haber-Bosch process and its biospheric consequences. Finally, it looks at the role of nitrogen in civilization and, in a sad coda, describes the lives of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch after the discovery of ammonia synthesis.
Enriching the Young Naturalist: The Nature of a Science Classroom
by Jeff Danielianscience education
Enrico Fermi
by Giuseppe BruzzanitiThis biography explores the life and career of the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, which is also the story of thirty years that transformed physics and forever changed our understanding of matter and the universe: nuclear physics and elementary particle physics were born, nuclear fission was discovered, the Manhattan Project was developed, the atomic bombs were dropped, and the era of "big science" began. It would be impossible to capture the full essence of this revolutionary period without first understanding Fermi, without whom it would not have been possible. Enrico Fermi: The Obedient Genius attempts to shed light on all aspects of Fermi's life - his work, motivation, influences, achievements, and personal thoughts - beginning with the publication of his first paper in 1921 through his death in 1954. During this time, Fermi demonstrated that he was indeed following in the footsteps of Galileo, excelling in his work both theoretically and experimentally by deepening our understanding of the Pauli exclusion principle, winning the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the fundamental properties of slow neutrons, developing the theory of beta decay, building the first nuclear reactor, and playing a central role in the development of the atomic bomb. Interwoven with this fascinating story, the book details the major developments in physics and provides the necessary background material to fully appreciate the dramatic changes that were taking place. Also included are appendices that provide a timeline of Fermi's life, several primary source documents from the period, and an extensive bibliography. This book will enlighten anyone interested in Fermi's work or the scientific events that led to the physics revolution of the first half of the twentieth century.
Enriqueça com o seu telemóvel Android: Ganhe dinheiro com o seu telemóvel Android
by Dave McAllenPare de se impedir de ganhar dinheiro. É impossível estar falido se tiver um dispositivo Android. Cada vez mais pessoas dão por si a reclamar, quer seja contra o governo, as condições de vida, o dinheiro, os rendimentos, os privilégios, a experiência, as habilidades, a falta de emprego ou, por outro lado, a recuperar de tudo isto. Mas, apesar da ascensão sem precedentes, o nosso entendimento da reclamação está aprisionado em raciocínios infundados do século passado, reclamação como um protesto silencioso ou como um meio de obter alguma atenção, e também em estratégias desatualizadas. Desafiando a ideia de tais reclamantes, Dave McAllen oferece uma perspetiva radical e inovadora, argumentando que reclamar da sorte de alguém não é válido na nossa era digital, em que quase todas as pessoas possuem um telefone Android. Ele oferece alguns exemplos daquilo que pode fazer com o seu telefone e ganhar dinheiro e mostra como ver as coisas desta forma pode ajudá-lo a não se desviar do caminho para o sucesso. Fique então a saber porque é que ele diz que os obstáculos para o seu sucesso são você mesmo.
Ensayo sobre la regulacion tecnologica: La era digital en Europa
by Crisanto PlazaUn revelador, heterodoxo y detallado documento sobre Europa y su posición rezagada en el entorno digitalEl fulgurante crecimiento del ecosistema digital #con la irrupción de sucesivas generaciones de redes de telecomunicación# y su globalización están marcando el desarrollo de la sociedad contemporánea, y transformando radicalmente todos los sectores económicos y nuestras vidas. Una regulación de esta nueva economía es un asunto crucial para lograr un motor de progreso que favorezca la innovación, atraiga inversiones y fomente el empleo. En este sentido, resulta imprescindible arbitrar mecanismos efectivos para liberar y encauzar todo el potencial que encierra el mundo digital.Crisanto Plaza, especialista en economía de las telecomunicaciones con una dilatada carrera profesional, reflexiona en esta obra sobre las oportunidades y los peligros que entraña el avance de la llamada «era digital » en Europa, ámbito en el que, frente a lo que ocurre en Estados Unidos, el sistema regulatorio se muestra como algo cerrado en sí mismo, incapaz de oxigenarse con todo aquello que le ofrece el entorno. De ahí que #como concluye el autor# sea indispensable potenciar el poder transformador que tienen las tecnologías de la información mediante una mejor regulación que incorpore un profundo razonamiento económico.
Ensembles on Configuration Space
by Michael J. W. Hall Marcel ReginattoThis book describes a promising approach to problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics, including the measurement problem. The dynamics of ensembles on configuration space is shown here to be a valuable tool for unifying the formalisms of classical and quantum mechanics, for deriving and extending the latter in various ways, and for addressing the quantum measurement problem. A description of physical systems by means of ensembles on configuration space can be introduced at a very fundamental level: the basic building blocks are a configuration space, probabilities, and Hamiltonian equations of motion for the probabilities. The formalism can describe both classical and quantum systems, and their thermodynamics, with the main difference being the choice of ensemble Hamiltonian. Furthermore, there is a natural way of introducing ensemble Hamiltonians that describe the evolution of hybrid systems; i. e. , interacting systems that have distinct classical and quantum sectors, allowing for consistent descriptions of quantum systems interacting with classical measurement devices and quantum matter fields interacting gravitationally with a classical spacetime.
Ensuring Food Safety in the European Union
by Marco Silano Vittorio SilanoIt’s not easy to navigate through EU food laws, so this book provides a clear analysis of the relevant EU regulations, making it beneficial to food safety organizations and food industry professionals. Ensuring Food Safety in the European Union provides an overall detailed analysis of the many and complex initiatives implemented by the European Union Institutions since the European Commission adopted on 12 January 2000 the "White Paper on Food Safety" with the objective of defining the policies to improve the level of health protection for the consumers of Europe's food. Achieving the highest standards of food safety in Europe has been a key policy priority for the European Institutions during the past 20 years through the implementation between 2000 and 2019 of many initiatives anticipated in the mentioned White Paper concerning: (i) The establishment of the European Food Safety Authority; (ii) the adoption of new food safety legislations in many domains; and (iii) the adoption of consumer’s mandatory and voluntary information regulations. Features Offers a clear and evolutive view of all relevant procedures and objectives to ensure food safety in European context Up to date presentation of EU relevant regulation and EFSA roles and activities Discusses the basic reasoning underlying the development and objectives of the current approach to food laws The book offers a review of all the available tools and their practical usefulness on food safety at European level and their possible integration. The interest of the European Institutions for food safety policies continues to be very high as shown by the adoption in September 2019 of the EU regulation 1381 to further reinforce and potentiate, among others, EFSA risk assessment. The main target of the book is the food business operators of large and medium enterprises and their consultants. Other interested parties are the authorities competent at national and regional and local level and university teaching professionals in charge of food safety and related courses.
Ensuring Quality in Professional Education Volume II: Engineering Pedagogy and International Knowledge Structures
by Tara Newman Karen Trimmer Fernando F. PadróThis book examines quality teaching in professional education in the fields of engineering and international knowledge structures. The second of a two-volume series, the editors and contributors structure the book around case studies which highlight the elements constituting good practice within professional education. While there is no one specific route to prepare well-qualified professionals, this volume explores the decisions the academics responsible for delivering this education make to ensure quality curricula. Ultimately, the key to effective preparations rests with the value employers place on the focus, emphasis and balance between the academic and practical in relation to their own expectations for skills that graduates must have. The second volume in this collection will appeal to students and scholars of professional pedagogy, and engineering pedagogy more specifically.
Ensuring Supply Reliability and Grid Stability in a 100% Renewable Electricity Sector in the Faroe Islands (Springer Theses)
by Helma Maria TróndheimThis book offers a comprehensive study concerning the reliability of renewable electricity production in the Faroe Islands. The first part reports on a RoadMap with investments in generation, storage and transmission capacity. Multiple scenarios, considering different technologies, are analysed. Practical constraints like the local resource potential, power plant locations and sizes are discussed, as well as the potential of tidal power. The second part of the book describes dynamic simulations studies carried out to investigate grid stability of the power system on the isolated island of Suðuroy. The available information about governor and automatic voltage regulators of the synchronous generators was very limited, therefore different approaches were combined to parameterise and validate the dynamic models. All in all, this book offers extensive information concerning the transition of the Faroese power system into a 100% renewable system. It is practice-oriented, and describes methods that can be applied to other power systems as well.
Ensuring Sustainability: New Challenges for Organizational Engineering (Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering)
by Carmen Avilés-Palacios Miguel GutierrezThis book presents a selection of the best papers given at the XXIV International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management. The conference is promoted by ADINGOR (Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Ingeniería de Organización) and organized by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. It took place at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Leganés, Spain) in July 2020. Ensuring Sustainability embodies the latest advances in research and cutting-edge analyses of real case studies in industrial engineering and operations management from diverse international contexts. It also identifies business applications for the latest findings and innovations in operations management and the decision sciences.
Entanglement Between Noncomplementary Parts of Many-Body Systems
by Hannu Christian WichterichThis thesis investigates the structure and behaviour of entanglement, the purely quantum mechanical part of correlations, in many-body systems, employing both numerical and analytical techniques at the interface of condensed matter theory and quantum information theory. Entanglement can be seen as a precious resource which, for example, enables the noiseless and instant transmission of quantum information, provided the communicating parties share a sufficient "amount" of it. Furthermore, measures of entanglement of a quantum mechanical state are perceived as useful probes of collective properties of many-body systems. For instance, certain measures are capable of detecting and classifying ground-state phases and, particularly, transition (or critical) points separating such phases. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on entanglement in many-body systems and its use as a potential resource for communication protocols. They address the questions of how a substantial amount of entanglement can be established between distant subsystems, and how efficiently this entanglement could be "harvested" by way of measurements. The subsequent chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to universality of entanglement between large collections of particles undergoing a quantum phase transition, where, despite the enormous complexity of these systems, collective properties including entanglement no longer depend crucially on the microscopic details.
Entanglements: Conversations on the Human Traces of Science, Technology, and Sound (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Simone TosoniConversations with a founder of the influential Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) approach in science and technology studies offer an introduction to the field.Science and technology studies (STS) is a relatively young but influential field. Scholars from disciplines as diverse as urban studies, mobility studies, media studies, and body culture studies are engaging in a systematic dialogue with STS, seeking to enrich their own investigations. Within STS, the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory has proved to be one of the most influential in its neighboring fields. Yet the literature has grown so large so quickly, it is difficult to get an overview of SCOT. In this book, conversations with Trevor Pinch, a founder of SCOT, offer an introduction and genealogy for the field.Pinch was there at the creation—as coauthor of the groundbreaking 1984 article that launched SCOT—and has remained active through subsequent developments. Engaging and conversational, Pinch charts SCOT's important milestones. The book describes how Pinch and Wiebe Bijker adapted the “empirical program of relativism,” developed by the Bath School to study the social construction of scientific facts, to apply to the social construction of artifacts. Entanglements addresses five issues in depth: relevant social groups, and SCOT's focus on groups of users; the intertwining of social representation and practices; the importance of tacit knowledge in SCOT's approach to the nonrepresentational; the controversy over nonhuman agency; and the political implications of SCOT.