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Establishing Scientific Classroom Discourse Communities: Multiple Voices of Teaching and Learning Research
by Randy Yerrick Wolff-Michael RothEstablishing Scientific Classroom Discourse Communities: Multiple Voices of Teaching and Learning Research is designed to encourage discussion of issues surrounding the reform of classroom science discourse among teachers, teacher educators, and researchers. The contributors--some of the top educational researchers, linguists, and science educators in the world--represent a variety of perspectives pertaining to teaching, assessment, research, learning, and reform. As a whole the book explores the variety, complexity, and interconnectivity of issues associated with changing classroom learning communities and transforming science classroom discourse to be more representative of the discourse of scientific communities. The intent is to expand debate among educators regarding what constitutes exemplary scientific speaking, thinking, and acting. This book is unparalleled in discussing current reform issues from sociolinguistic and sociocultural perspectives. The need for a revised perspective on enduring science teaching and learning issues is established and a theoretical framework and methodology for interpreting the critique of classroom and science discourses is presented. To model and scaffold this ongoing debate, each chapter is followed by a "metalogue" in which the chapter authors and volume editors critique the issues traversed in the chapter by opening up the neatly argued issues. These "metalogues" challenge, extend, and deepen the arguments made. Central questions addressed include: *Why is a sociolinguistic interpretation essential in examining science education reform? *What are key similarities and differences between classroom and scientific communities? *How can the utility of common knowledge and existing classroom discourse be balanced toward alternative outcomes? *What curricular issues are associated with transforming classroom talk? *What other perspectives can assist in creating multiple access to science through redefining classroom discourse? Whether this volume improves readers' science teaching, assists their research, or helps them to better prepare tomorrow's science teachers, the goal is to engage them in considering the challenges faced by educators as they navigate the seas of reform and strive to improve science education for all.
Establishing the Environmental Flow Regime for the Middle Zambezi River (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Elenestina Mwelwa-MutekenyaThe Middle Zambezi, host to a rich biodiversity, is located in the central part of the Zambezi River Basin which covers eight Southern African Countries. The area is located downstream of three hydropower schemes. In the last decades, the floodplain riparian tree, the Faidherbia albida, vital for the local wild life, has shown a worrying decrease in its regeneration rates. This thesis explores establishing the environmental flow regime for the Middle Zambezi reach in order to minimise the impact of the upstream hydropower schemes on the river environment, using the Faidherbia albida tree as a biological indicator.The research identified that the current dam operations have completely altered the natural hydrological rhythm from pre-Kariba dam dry season flows of 100-200 m3/s increasing to 1,000-1,500 m3/s. The sudden closure of the dam floodgates can be linked to the observed river channel-widening phenomenon. In addition, the Faidherbia albida tree now experiences longer flood residence over the floodplain, making it inaccessible to animals to allow for regeneration. In order to save the F. albida tree, a two-pronged environmental flow regime is proposed of releasing a moderate flood of 5,800 m3/s once in 5 years, for 5 to 6 weeks in the months of February to March, and phasing the spillway gates closure over a period of 3 to 4 weeks to keep the floodplain wet enough until the months of May and June. Phasing of the spillway gate closure would also mitigate the excessive bank erosion.
The Estate House Re-designed
by Anthony SullyThe book demonstrates how new houses can be designed to be more sustainable and ergonomic. Specifically, it describes a prototype building that could be constructed in the near future. Responding to some of the poor standards of mass estate housing in the UK and its out-of-date space standards, it contributes towards improving the current status quo by describing a house design, including drawings, that can compete with today’s mass housing. The author examines the traditional geometrical reliance on the square in the design of houses and the planning of housing estates and promotes instead the adoption of polygonal forms. This is explained using geometric analysis, diagrams and references to existing housing. These concepts have been developed with reference to technical literature from various companies with one company interested in taking it further. Providing a novel and up-to-date design concept, this book is of value to practitioners and researchers looking to improve the standard of mass housing in the UK. It is also of interest to anyone wishing to build their own house and to manufacturers wanting to move into modern housing technology.
Estimating and Cost Planning Using the New Rules of Measurement: Using The New Rules Of Measurement
by Sean D. OstrowskiThe RICS New Rules of Measurement mean that the construction industry now has a way of allowing a more consistent approach to the measurement and estimating of buildings from the start of a project, right through until the end, and beyond. Estimating and cost planning using the New Rules of Measurement offers comprehensive guidance on all the technical competencies concerned with estimating throughout the precontract stages. It provides a full commentary to the NRM, with detailed and comprehensive examples of how to measure estimates and cost plans in accordance with this new prescriptive approach. For both students and practitioners, the acquisition of technical competencies is by practice so this book offers step-by-step worked examples to follow as well as an exercise on each topic. Key Features • helps dispel anxieties about using a new method in an important area of fee generation • based on the author’s successful Roadshows, organised by the RICS to promote the NRM • companion websites provide support for learning: http://ostrowskiquantities.com and www.wiley.com/go/ostrowski/estimating
Estimating and Costing for the Metal Manufacturing Industries
by Robert Creese M. AdithanThis practical reference/text provides a thorough overview of cost estimating as applied to various manufacturing industries, with special emphasis on metal manufacturing concerns. It presents examples and study problems illustrating potential applications and the techniques involved in estimating costs.;Containing both US and metric units for easy conversion of world-wide manufacturing data, Estimating and Costing for the Metal Manufacturing Industries: outlines professional societies and publications dealing with cost estimating and cost analysis; details the four basic metalworking processes - machining, casting, forming, and joining; reveals five techniques for capital cost estimating, including the new AACE International's Recommended Practice 16R-90 and the new knowledge and experience method; discusses the effect of scrap rates and operation costs upon unit costs; offers four formula methods for conceptual cost estimating and examines material-design-cost relationships; describes cost indexes, cost capacity factors, multiple-improvement curves, and facility cost estimation techniques; offers a generalized metal cutting economics model for comparison with traditional economic models; and more.;Estimating and Costing for the Metal Manufacturing Industries serves as an on-the-job, single-source reference for cost, manufacturing, and industrial engineers and as a text for upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students in cost estimating, engineering economics, and production operations courses.;A Solutions manual to the end-of-chapter problems is available free of charge to instructors only. Requests for the manual must be made on official school stationery.
Estimating and Measurement for Simple Building Works in Hong Kong
by Caroline T. ChanThis book is an introductory text on building measurement and estimating for simple buildings in Hong Kong, based on the Hong Kong Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works 4th Edition Revised 2018 (HKSMM4 Rev 2018). It provides a toolkit for students and surveying technicians who are new to the subject. This second edition updates the contents in line with the HKSMM4 Rev 2018 and incorporates the latest industry developments such as BIM. The main text is divided into five parts following the development of a typical project. Part 1, Building the project team, introduces the team setup for a typical project. Part 2, Deciding the procurement strategy, explains the various procurement decisions to be made by an employer before any cost estimating and measurement work takes place. Part 3, Preparing for tender, covers the tendering methods, tender documentation and approximate estimating techniques used by Quantity Surveyors. Part 4, Measuring quantities, introduces measurement principles and HKSMM4 Rev 2018, followed by a detailed review of the measurement methods for each major trade, with worked examples. Part 5, Estimating unit rates, explores the basic techniques for unit rate preparation. The book contains worked examples from real Hong Kong building projects, self-assessment questions, reminders and points of note. It is essential reading for Hong Kong construction and surveying students, international Quantity Surveyors working in the local area and those wanting international examples of Quantity Surveryors practice.
Estimating and Tendering for Building Work (Longman Technician Series)
by Ronald Carl Smith"...my message to lecturers in building/quantity surveying is to 'put it on your course list for essential reading' and to students and practitioners 'buy it' " Building Technology & ManagementProvides a practical introduction to understanding the costs encountered on a building project together with an appreciation of the many factors influencing them.
Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work
by Martin BrookEstimators need to understand the consequences of entering into a contract, often defined by complex conditions and documents, as well as to appreciate the technical requirements of the project. Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work, 5th edition, explains the job of the estimator through every stage, from early cost studies to the creation of budgets for successful tenders. This new edition reflects recent developments in the field and covers: new tendering and procurement methods the move from basic estimating to cost-planning and the greater emphasis placed on partnering and collaborative working the New Rules of Measurement (NRM1 and 2), and examines ways in which practicing estimators are implementing the guidance emerging technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modelling) and estimating systems which can interact with 3D design models With the majority of projects procured using design-and-build contracts, this edition explains the contractor’s role in setting costs, and design statements, to inform and control the development of a project’s design. Clearly-written and illustrated with examples, notes and technical documentation, this book is ideal for students on construction-related courses at HNC/HND and Degree levels. It is also an important source for associated professions and estimators at the outset of their careers.
Estimating Building Costs (Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Calin M. Popescu Kan Phaobunjong Nuntapong OvararinCompanies live or die on the basis of estimating their costs. Preparing estimates and bidding for new jobs is a complex and often costly process. There is no substitute for on the job training -- until now. Drawing on the authors' combined experience of more than 70 years, Estimating Building Costs presents state-of-the-art principles, practices, a
Estimating Building Costs
by Wayne J. Del PicoHow to succeed in the construction business-step-by-step guidelines for estimating To be competitive, contractors and homebuilders need to know how to generate complete, accurate estimates for labor and material costs. This book guides readers through the entire estimating process, explaining in detail how to put together a reliable estimate that can be used not only for budgeting, but also for developing a schedule, managing a project, dealing with contingencies, and ultimately making a profit. Completely revised and updated to reflect the new CSI MasterFormat 2010TM system, the Second Edition of this practical guide describes estimating techniques for each building system and how to apply them according to the latest industry standards. Cost considerations and quantity takeoff and pricing are included for virtually every type of work found in residential and light commercial projects, from demolition, concrete, and masonry to windows and doors, siding, roofing, mechanical and electrical systems, finish work, and site construction. Complete with many new graphics and references to professional construction cost databases, the new edition provides experienced contractors and novices alike with essential information on: How to correctly interpret plans and specifications, reflecting updates to contract documents since the first edition Computer estimating techniques and new estimating software for performing quantity takeoff The best methods for conceptual estimating as well as the extremely useful topic of parametric estimating How to allocate the right amounts for profit and contingencies, and other hard-to-find professional guidance How a unit price estimate is built along with labor issues and budgeting for subcontractor work
Estimating Building Costs for the Residential and Light Commercial Construction Professional (Rsmeans Ser. #80)
by Wayne J. Del PicoEstimating Building Costs Few aspects of a construction project are more fundamental than the cost estimate, which can mean the difference between a professionally executed project and a financial and legal disaster. Properly handled, a construction cost estimate can protect both the contractor and the client from losing money on a project. The estimate is the first step toward a successful project. For contractors, therefore, the knowledge required to construct an accurate price estimate is critical. Estimating Building Costs for the Residential and Light Commercial Construction Professional provides this knowledge in a thorough and comprehensive guide. It takes readers step-by-step through the process of constructing a cost estimate, and provides guidance for incorporating cost estimates into budgeting, scheduling, project management, and more. The result is a fundamental guide to this critical aspect of the construction industry. Readers of the third edition of Estimating Building Costs for the Residential and Light Commercial Construction Professional will also find: Fully updated text to reflect the new CSI MASTERFORMAT™ 2020 Analysis of cost considerations, quantity takeoff, pricing, and more Step-by-step guidance for developing a comprehensive cost estimate All-new sections covering scope of work, wage scales in the US, and a project overhead checklist Considerations for adding profit and contingencies to an estimate Estimating Building Costs for the Residential and Light Commercial Construction Professional is an essential resource for contractors in residential and light commercial construction, as well as students studying construction management and construction estimating.
Estimating Checklist for Capital Projects
by Association of The Joint Development BoardThis book provides a checklist, classified by work section, which will enable the cost engineer to ensure that no items of significant cost have been omitted.
Estimating Combined Loads of Diffuse and Point-Source Pollutants Into the Borkena River, Ethiopia (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Eskinder Zinabu BelachewThis book is an initial attempt to estimate the loads of heavy metal and nutrient loads into an industrial effluent receiving rivers of a typical industrializing catchment. It shows the effects and impacts of diffuse and point sources of these loads into the rivers, and illuminate management, capacity and policy gaps of riverine water and sediment monitoring in the sub-Saharan countries perspective from Ethiopia. The study was done in semi-arid catchments of Kombolcha city with industrialising urban and peri-urban areas in north-central Ethiopia. The Leyole and Worka rivers, which receives industrial effluent and wash-off from the catchments’ areas, were monitored for two years. This book contribute to our understanding on applicable methods to quantify loads of diffuse and point sources in data poor areas, and the most important contribution is to address the gaps in in controlling emission changes and. The results of this book contribute to the theory of river protection and understanding of water quality management of sub-Saharan African tropical rivers and sediments and provides policy options for improvement in rivers water quality of the sub-Saharan countries. In bridging this gap, this book proposed a model to estimate the total loads of nitrogen and phosphorus from a catchment.
Estimating Costs of Air Pollution Control
by William M. VatavukIn these pages is all the information that you-manager, engineer, or other technical professional-would need to select, size, and estimate "budget/study" level capital and annual costs for a variety of air pollution control equipment. This equipment includes wet scrubbers, carbon adsorbers, and other "add-on" devices. This book also deals with such nonstack controls as wet dust suppression systems and flue gas desulfurization systems. The costs are current (1988 or 1989 dollars) and are mainly presented in equational form for ease of computerization and updating. Clear, comprehensive equipment sizing procedures are also detailed. Finally, several detailed example problems are included to illustrate the sizing and costing procedures. This book is not just for technical personnel, however. The material is easy to grasp and use. Anyone with an air pollution control background can follow and apply the procedures and data herein. Using this book, air pollution control professionals can now develop sound, defensible (within ±30%) cost estimates with a minimum of time and effort.
Estimating for Builders and Surveyors
by Fiona Grant Eric Fleming R D BuchanWritten for students taking courses in building and surveying, 'Estimating for Builders and Surveyors' describes and explains the method used by the estimator to build up prices or rates for items described in the SMM7 format. Each chapter is a self-contained unit related to a particular element in the building. Worked examples throughout reflect both traditional and up-to-date technology. Written by an author team of academics and professional surveyors, this book continues to be an invaluable introduction to the subject of estimating.
Estimating for Building & Civil Engineering Work
by John Williams Spence gedesIt deals in a practical and reasonable way with many of the estimating problems which can arise where building and civil engineering works are carried out and to include comprehensive estimating data within the guidelines of good practice. The early part of the book has been completely rewritten to contain chapters useful to students and practitioners alike for the development of the estimating process resulting in the presentation of a tender for construction works. The second and major part of the book contains estimating data fully updated for the major elements in building and civil engineering work, including a new chapter on piling, and a wealth of constants for practical use in estimating. The estimating examples are based on the current edition of the Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works (SMM7). The comprehensive information on basic principles of estimating found in 'Spence Geddes' are still as valid today as the first edition. In this edition the prevailing rates of labour and costs of materials are taken whenever possible as a round figure. Readers will appreciate in the construction industry that prices are continually changing, rise and fall, and that worked examples should therefore be used as a guide to method of calculation substituting in any specific case the current rates applicable to it. In the case of plant output dramatic increases have been experienced in productivity over recent years and again estimators with their own records should substitute values appropriate to their work.
Estimating Functional Connectivity and Topology in Large-Scale Neuronal Assemblies: Statistical and Computational Methods (Springer Theses)
by Vito Paolo PastoreThis book describes a set of novel statistical algorithms designed to infer functional connectivity of large-scale neural assemblies. The algorithms are developed with the aim of maximizing computational accuracy and efficiency, while faithfully reconstructing both the inhibitory and excitatory functional links. The book reports on statistical methods to compute the most significant functional connectivity graph, and shows how to use graph theory to extract the topological features of the computed network. A particular feature is that the methods used and extended at the purpose of this work are reported in a fairly completed, yet concise manner, together with the necessary mathematical fundamentals and explanations to understand their application. Furthermore, all these methods have been embedded in the user-friendly open source software named SpiCoDyn, which is also introduced here. All in all, this book provides researchers and graduate students in bioengineering, neurophysiology and computer science, with a set of simplified and reduced models for studying functional connectivity in in silico biological neuronal networks, thus overcoming the complexity of brain circuits.
Estimating Spoken Dialog System Quality with User Models
by Klaus-Peter EngelbrechtSpoken dialog systems have the potential to offer highly intuitive user interfaces, as they allow systems to be controlled using natural language. However, the complexity inherent in natural language dialogs means that careful testing of the system must be carried out from the very beginning of the design process. This book examines how user models can be used to support such early evaluations in two ways: by running simulations of dialogs, and by estimating the quality judgments of users. First, a design environment supporting the creation of dialog flows, the simulation of dialogs, and the analysis of the simulated data is proposed. How the quality of user simulations may be quantified with respect to their suitability for both formative and summative evaluation is then discussed. The remainder of the book is dedicated to the problem of predicting quality judgments of users based on interaction data. New modeling approaches are presented, which process the dialogs as sequences, and which allow knowledge about the judgment behavior of users to be incorporated into predictions. All proposed methods are validated with example evaluation studies.
Estimating the Impacts of Urban Growth on Future Flood Risk: A Comparative Study (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Willem VeerbeekThe unprecedented growth of cities has a significant impact on future flood risk that might exceed the impacts of climate change in many metropolitan areas across the world. Although the effects of urbanisation on flood risk are well understood, assessments that include spatially explicit future growth projections are limited. This comparative study provides insight in the long term development of future riverine and pluvial flood risk for 18 fast growing megacities. The outcomes provide not only a baseline absent in current practise, but also a strategic outlook that might better establish the role of urban planning in limiting future flood risk.
Estimating the Value of Water-Use Efficiency in the Intermountain West
by James Griffin David G. Groves Sara HajiamiriThis report presents an economic framework for estimating a water agency's avoided costs and environmental benefits of increasing water-use efficiency. The report demonstrates this framework by evaluating the benefits of Denver Water's efficiency programs and utilizes an exploratory modeling approach to accommodate significant uncertainty. The analysis highlights the importance of considering both long- and short-run costs and benefits.
Estimation and Control for Networked Systems with Packet Losses without Acknowledgement
by Hong Lin Hongye Su Peng Shi Zhan Shu Zheng-Guang WuThis book discusses recent advances in the estimation and control of networked systems with unacknowledged packet losses: systems usually known as user-datagram-protocol-like. It presents both the optimal and sub-optimal solutions in the form of algorithms, which are designed to be implemented easily by computer routines. It also provides MATLAB(r) routines for the key algorithms. It shows how these methods and algorithms can solve estimation and control problems effectively, and identifies potential research directions and ideas to help readers grasp the field more easily. The novel auxiliary estimator method, which is able to deal with estimators that consist of exponentially increasing terms, is developed to analyze the stability and convergence of the optimal estimator. The book also explores the structure and solvability of the optimal control, i. e. linear quadratic Gaussian control. It develops various sub-optimal but efficient solutions for estimation and control for industrial and practical applications, and analyzes their stability and performance. This is a valuable resource for researchers studying networked control systems, especially those related to non-TCP-like networks. The practicality of the ideas included makes it useful for engineers working with networked control.
Estimation and Inference in Discrete Event Systems: A Model-Based Approach with Finite Automata (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Christoforos N. HadjicostisEstimation and Inference in Discrete Event Systems chooses a popular model for emerging automation systems—finite automata under partial observation—and focuses on a comprehensive study of the key problems of state estimation and event inference. The text includes treatment of current, delayed, and initial state estimation. Related applications for assessing and enforcing resiliency—fault detection and diagnosis—and security—privacy and opacity—properties are discussed, enabling the reader to apply these techniques in a variety of emerging applications, among them automated manufacturing processes, intelligent vehicle/highway systems, and autonomous vehicles. The book provides a systematic development of recursive algorithms for state estimation and event inference. The author also deals with the verification of pertinent properties such as:the ability to determine the exact state of a system, “detectability”;the ability to ensure that certain classes of faults can be detected/identified, “diagnosability”; andthe ability to ensure that certain internal state variables of the system remain “hidden” from the outside world regardless of the type of activity that is taking place, “opacity”. This book allows students, researchers and practicing engineers alike to grasp basic aspects of state estimation in discrete event systems, aspects like distributivity and probabilistic inference, quickly and without having to master the entire breadth of models that are available in the literature.
Estimator’s Pocket Book (Routledge Pocket Books)
by Duncan CartlidgeThe Estimator’s Pocket Book, Third Edition is a concise and practical reference covering the main approaches to pricing, as well as useful information such as how to process sub-contractor quotations, tender settlement and adjudication. It is fully up to date with the New Rules of Measurement (NRM2) (2nd Edition) throughout and based on up-to-date wage rates, legislative changes and guidance notes.The book includes instructions on how to carry out:· an NRM order of cost estimate,· unit-rate pricing for a range different trades,· pro rata pricing for variations, and· the preparation and pricing of builders’ quantities and approximate quantities.This book is an essential source of reference for quantity surveyors, cost managers, project managers and anybody else with estimating responsibilities.
Estimator's Pocket Book 2e (Routledge Pocket Books)
by Duncan CartlidgeThe Estimator’s Pocket Book, Second Edition is a concise and practical reference covering the main pricing approaches, as well as useful information such as how to process sub-contractor quotations, tender settlement and adjudication. It is fully up to date with NRM2 throughout, features a look ahead to NRM3 and describes the implications of BIM for estimators. It includes instructions on how to handle: the NRM order of cost estimate; unit-rate pricing for different trades; pro-rata pricing and dayworks; builders’ quantities; approximate quantities. Worked examples show how each of these techniques should be carried out in clear, easy-to-follow steps. This is the indispensable estimating reference for all quantity surveyors, cost managers, project managers and anybody else with estimating responsibilities. Particular attention is given to NRM2, but the overall focus is on the core estimating skills needed in practice. Updates to this edition include a greater reference to BIM, an update on the current state of the construction industry as well as up-to-date wage rates, legislative changes and guidance notes.
Estratégias de Gestão do Tempo Como Retardar o Seu Tempo
by Fabiana Rodrigues Castelo Branco Tony GrayEste livro é a solução para aqueles que se encontram fazendo coisas que não deviam estar fazendo, portanto esgotando o tempo precioso durante o dia. Ele contem referências a muitos estudos específicos e suas conclusões sobre a gestão do tempo e as maneiras que as pessoas perdem tempo. Estou certo de que você encontrará o que eles dizem é correto e que sempre caímos em algumas destas armadilhas. Imagine o que você poderia realizar em sua vida se lidasse com a disciplina de gestão de tempo. Aprenda como efetivamente gerenciar o seu tempo e energia através de sua lista de tarefas em tempo recorde. Este manual abrangente lhe ajudará a rapidamente se aprimorar em relação ao se tempo, ao invés de permitir que o seu tempo o faça em relação a você. Você encontrará... * Como priorizar a sua lista de tarefas * Como fazer com que a regra 80/20 funcione em sua vida. Como desligar os sugadores de tempo * Por que as tarefas simultâneas tornarão você vagaroso * Como definir expectativas realistas * E mais! Estratégias de Gestão do Tempo para estudantes, Estratégias de Gestão do Tempo para aprofessores e estratégias de gestão do tempo para enfermeiras e outros...