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Evaluation of Text Summaries Based on Linear Optimization of Content Metrics (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1048)
by Jonathan Rojas-Simon Yulia Ledeneva Rene Arnulfo Garcia-HernandezThis book provides a comprehensive discussion and new insights about linear optimization of content metrics to improve the automatic Evaluation of Text Summaries (ETS). The reader is first introduced to the background and fundamentals of the ETS. Afterward, state-of-the-art evaluation methods that require or do not require human references are described. Based on how linear optimization has improved other natural language processing tasks, we developed a new methodology based on genetic algorithms that optimize content metrics linearly. Under this optimization, we propose SECO-SEVA as an automatic evaluation metric available for research purposes. Finally, the text finishes with a consideration of directions in which automatic evaluation could be improved in the future. The information provided in this book is self-contained. Therefore, the reader does not require an exhaustive background in this area. Moreover, we consider this book the first one that deals with the ETS in depth.
Evaluation of the Computer Fire Model DETACT-QS (The Society of Fire Protection Engineers Series)
by Society for Fire Protection EngineersThis engineering practice Guide, based on the DETACT-QS program, describes a model for predicting the response time of ceiling-mounted heat detectors/sprinklers and smoke detectors, installed under large unobstructed ceilings, for fires with user-defined, time-dependent heat release rate curves. The Guide provides information on the technical features, theoretical basis, assumptions, limitations, and sensitivities as well as guidance on the use of DETACT-QS. Evaluation is based on comparing predictions from DETACT-QS with results from full-scale fire experiments conducted in compartments with ceiling heights ranging from 2.44 m (8 ft) to 12.2 m (40 ft) and peak fire heat release rates ranging from 150 kW to 3.8 MW. Use of this model with building geometries or fire characteristics other than those used in this evaluation may require further evaluation or testing.
Evaluation of the Oil Fiscal Regime in Russia and Proposals for Reform
by Daria Zakharova Brenton GoldsworthyA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Evaluierung der linearen und nichtlinearen Stabstatik in Theorie und Software: Prüfbeispiele, Fehlerursachen, genaue Theorie (Bauingenieur-Praxis)
by Volker Gensichen Günter LumpeUmfangreiche Überprüfungen von Stabtheorie und Berechnungsergebnissen durch die Verfasser belegen, dass der EDV-gestützte Entwurf eines Tragwerks grob fehlerhaft sein kann. Das vorliegende Buch klärt die Frage, wie wirklichkeitsnah die Resultate aktueller Stabstatik-Software ausfallen. Mit Hilfe zahlreicher Referenzbeispiele kann jeder Anwender diese Frage für die von ihm genutzte Software prüfen. Darüber hinaus wird ein Abriss der genauen geometrisch nichtlinearen Biegetorsionstheorie und deren Aufbereitung für die FEM dargestellt. Dieses Buch ist ein unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel für Aufsteller und Prüfer von Standsicherheitsnachweisen sowie für Software-Entwickler. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Günter Lumpe ist seit 1991 Professor für Stahlbau an der Hochschule Biberach. Er war über zehn Jahre im industriellen Stahl- und Anlagenbau praktisch tätig. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gensichen war im Industrie- und Anlagenbau tätig. Bis 2007 lehrte er Massivbau und Stahlbau an der FH Münster. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Verifikation der Ergebnisse von Statik-Software und ist stellv. Vorsitzender im VDI-Ausschuss „Softwaregestützte Tragsicherheitsnachweise“.
Evangelista Torricelli: Mathematiker des Großherzogs Ferdinand II. der Toskana (Mathematik im Kontext)
by Renato AcamporaDie meisten Nichtmathematiker werden Torricelli durch das nach ihm benannte Ausflussgesetz kennen, wonach die Geschwindigkeit eines aus einem Gefäss austretenden Wasserstrahls proportional zur Quadratwurzel aus der Füllhöhe ist, ebenso wie durch seinen Nachweis des Luftdrucks mithilfe seines Vakuumexperiments. Viel bedeutender aber sind seine Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Mathematik als virtuoser Vertreter von Cavalieris umstrittener Indivisiblenmethode, wobei er seine Ergebnisse aber stets mit Beweisen nach der allgemein anerkannten „Art der Alten“ absicherte. Auf diese Weise gelang ihm die Quadratur der Parabeln und Hyperbeln höherer Ordnung, der Zykloide, der logarithmischen Spirale (ebenso wie deren Rektifikation) und die Bestimmung der Schwerpunkte zahlreicher ebener und räumlicher Figuren.
Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
by Assefa Melesse Wossenu AbtewThe book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.
Evaporation of Water With Emphasis on Applications and Measurements
by Frank E. JonesThe loss of water from lakes, rivers, oceans, vegetation, and the earth, as well as man-made structures such as reservoirs and irrigation conduits, is a major concern of hydrologists and irrigation specialists. This loss, compounded by the lack of usable water in some areas, indicates a need for field and laboratory research that will contribute to the understanding of the processes and parameters that comprise and contribute to evaporation.This book emphasizes the process of the air-water interface and discusses such important topics as evaporation and condensation coefficients of water, heat and mass transfer, surface temperature, interfacial tension, convection, diffusion, thermal gradients, wind-generated waves, and the roles that these processes play in evaporation. The book also discusses subjects such as methods for suppressing evaporation using films, water vapor distribution, wind tunnel investigations, evaporation from water drops, preparation of pure water, molecular diffusion, the eddy-correlation method, and evaporation estimation methods. The book will be of considerable value to hydrologists, irrigation specialists, meteorologists, civil engineers, chemical engineers, hydraulic engineers, water resources specialists, water conservation specialists, geophysicists, environmental engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the evaporation of water and its consequences.
Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites
by Victor L. HauserNew, natural, self-renewing, and low-cost, evapotranspiration (ET) covers for landfills provide a solution to landfill waste that is clean, green, and economical. Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites examines the concept theory and the practical proof, then explains the technology, design, and application. It delineates the essen
Even More Fizzle, Bubble, Pop & Wow!
by Lisa MurphyExcite young learners with this collection of more than 80 simple science experiments. Each activity promotes learning and requires materials that are likely already in your classroom or kitchen. Each fun activity includes simple instructions and a clear explanation of the experiment-and many include variations and helpful hints.
Event Classification in Liquid Scintillator Using PMT Hit Patterns: for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Searches (Springer Theses)
by Jack DungerThe search for neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the highest priority areas in particle physics today; it could provide insights to the nature of neutrino masses (currently not explained by the Standard Model) as well as how the universe survived its early stages. One promising experimental approach involves the use of large volumes of isotope-loaded liquid scintillator, but new techniques for background identification and suppression must be developed in order to reach the required sensitivity levels and clearly distinguish the signal. The results from this thesis constitute a significant advance in this area, laying the groundwork for several highly effective and novel approaches based on a detailed evaluation of state-of-the-art detector characteristics. This well written thesis includes a particularly clear and comprehensive description of the theoretical motivations as well as impressively demonstrating the effective use of diverse statistical techniques. The professionally constructed signal extraction framework contains clever algorithmic solutions to efficient error propagation in multi-dimensional space. In general, the techniques developed in this work will have a notable impact on the field.
Event-Based Control and Signal Processing (Embedded Systems)
by Marek MiśkowiczEvent-based systems are a class of reactive systems deployed in a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines including control, communication, signal processing, and electronic instrumentation. Activities in event-based systems are triggered in response to events usually representing a significant change of the state of controlled or monitored physical variables. Event-based systems adopt a model of calls for resources only if it is necessary, and therefore, they are characterized by efficient utilization of communication bandwidth, computation capability, and energy budget. Currently, the economical use of constrained technical resources is a critical issue in various application domains because many systems become increasingly networked, wireless, and spatially distributed.Event-Based Control and Signal Processing examines the event-based paradigm in control, communication, and signal processing, with a focus on implementation in networked sensor and control systems. Featuring 23 chapters contributed by more than 60 leading researchers from around the world, this book covers: Methods of analysis and design of event-based control and signal processing Event-driven control and optimization of hybrid systems Decentralized event-triggered control Periodic event-triggered control Model-based event-triggered control and event-triggered generalized predictive control Event-based intermittent control in man and machine Event-based PID controllers Event-based state estimation Self-triggered and team-triggered control Event-triggered and time-triggered real-time architectures for embedded systems Event-based continuous-time signal acquisition and DSP Statistical event-based signal processing in distributed detection and estimation Asynchronous spike event coding technique with address event representation Event-based processing of non-stationary signals Event-based digital (FIR and IIR) filters Event-based local bandwidth estimation and signal reconstruction Event-Based Control and Signal Processing is the first extensive study on both event-based control and event-based signal processing, presenting scientific contributions at the cutting edge of modern science and engineering.
Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems
by Rodney Douglas Giacomo Indiveri Tobi Delbruck Adrian Whatley Shih-Chii LiuNeuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems.Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence.This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems.Key features:Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering.Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles.Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.
Event-Based PID Controllers with Fixed Threshold Sampling Strategies (Springer Theses)
by Oscar Miguel-EscrigThis book offers a detailed examination of event-based control systems, exploring their design, implementation, and robustness. It addresses various sampling strategies such as Symmetric-Send-On-Delta (SSOD) and Regular Quantization with Hysteresis (RQH), providing insights into their application in networked control systems. Key topics include: the theoretical foundations of Event-Based Control under the above-mentioned sampling schemes, robustness analysis against limit cycle oscillations, and tuning methodologies for PID controllers considering continuous and discrete implementations. This book also evaluates classical tuning rules for event-based control from the point of view of the robustness, which are assessed through new robustness measures. Further, the implementation of Event-Based PID Controllers is demonstrated in physical systems using the standard IEC 61499. All in all, this outstanding PhD thesis provides readers with new schemes and techniques for designing robust Event-Based Controllers that can be better adapted to various industrial settings considering their specific needs.
Event-Trigger Dynamic State Estimation for Practical WAMS Applications in Smart Grid
by Xi Chen Zhen Li Sen Li Tyrone FernandoThis book describes how dynamic state estimation application in wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) are crucial for power system reliability, to acquire precisely power system dynamics. The event trigger DSE techniques described by the authors provide a design balance between the communication rate and estimation performance, by selectively sending the innovational data. The discussion also includes practical problems for smart grid applications, such as the non-Gaussian process/measurement noise, packet dropout, computation burden of accurate DSE, robustness to the system variation, etc. Readers will learn how the event trigger DSE can facilitate the effective reduction of communication rates, with guaranteed accuracy under a variety of practical conditions in smart grid applications.
Event-Triggered Active Disturbance Rejection Control: Theory and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #356)
by Dawei Shi Ling Shi Yuan Huang Junzheng WangThe past few years have seen the attention and rapid developments in event-triggered sampled-data systems, in which the effect of event-triggered sensor measurements and controller updates is explored in controller analysis and design.This book offers the first systematic treatment of event-triggered sampled-data control system design using active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), an effective approach that is popular in both theoretic research and industrial applications. Extensive application examples with numerous illustrations are included to show how the event-triggered ADRC with theoretic performance guarantees can be implemented in engineering systems and how the performance can be actually achieved. For theoretic researchers and graduate students, the presented results provide new directions in theoretic research on event-triggered sampled-data systems; for control practitioners, the book offers an effective approach to achieving satisfactory performance with limited sampling rates.
Event-Triggered Control of Switched Linear Systems (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #365)
by Jun Fu Tai-Fang LiThis book approaches its subject matter in a way that provides Lyapunov function analysis and event-triggered design methods for switched dynamic systems in terms of sampled-data control, hysteresis switching control, and fault-tolerant control. This book presents several novel design methods on event-triggered control of switched linear systems, in which the events inclusively consist of not only switching itself but events occurring as the switched systems evolve. The features of our approaches lie in threefold: i) In the framework of sampled-data control, a bond between the sampling period and the average dwell time of the asynchronous switched linear neutral systems is revealed, with which stabilization conditions are derived for periodic sampling and event-triggered sampling mechanisms, respectively. ii) New event-triggered control strategies are proposed for switched linear systems and switched delay systems including switched neutral systems. The Zeno phenomenon can be excluded easily since the constant threshold can guarantee the existence of minimum positive lower bound between two continuous sampling intervals. iii). Two new fault-tolerant control methods are presented for switched cascade systems, with structural uncertainties existing in both system matrices and input matrices of the linear subsystems, by using the average dwell-time techniques. The proposed control design works on both the switched systems with actuator faults and its nominal systems (i.e., without actuator faults) without necessarily changing any structures and/or parameters of the proposed controllers. This book presents several systematical analysis and design methods for event-triggered control of switched systems in terms of the Lyapunov-based stability. It is of great significance to theoretical research and practical applications for switched systems. The book provides a unified framework of sampled-data control, including periodic sampled-data control and event-triggered control, and fault-tolerant control of switched systems. It serves as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of analysis and synthesis of switched systems. In addition, it is also a useful source of up-to-date design methods for researchers who study switched dynamic systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering.
Event-Triggered Cooperative Control: Analysis and Synthesis
by Jinde Cao Wenying Xu Daniel W. HoThe book provides a systematic and in-depth introduction to distributed event-triggered cooperative control for multi-agent systems from a theoretical perspective, which will be of particular interest to the readers. The included major research topics include: a unified design and analysis framework for centralized, clustered and distributed event-triggered schemes; fully distributed design for event/self-triggered schemes; resilient event-triggered control under malicious attacks; and various methods to aovid Zeno behavior. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of event-triggered communication and control in multi-agent system is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested in learning principles and methods to deal with communication constraints in multi-agent systems and to design energy-saving control protocols. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of complex networks, smart grids, applied mathematics, electrical and electronic engineering, and computer engineering, etc.
Event-Triggered Sliding Mode Control: A New Approach To Control System Design (Studies In Systems, Decision And Control #139)
by Bijnan Bandyopadhyay Abhisek K. BeheraThis edited monograph provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of sliding mode control, focusing on event-triggered implementation. The technique allows to prefix the steady-state bounds of the system, and this is independent of any boundary disturbances. The idea of event-triggered SMC is developed for both single input / single output and multi-input / multi-output linear systems. Moreover, the reader learns how to apply this method to nonlinear systems. The book primarily addresses research experts in the field of sliding mode control, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Event-Triggered Transmission Protocol in Robust Control Systems
by Kolin Paul Indra Narayan Kar Niladri Sekhar TripathyControlling uncertain networked control system (NCS) with limited communication among subcomponents is a challenging task and event-based sampling helps resolve the issue. This book considers event-triggered scheme as a transmission protocol to negotiate information exchange in resilient control for NCS via a robust control algorithm to regulate the closed loop behavior of NCS in the presence of mismatched uncertainty with limited feedback information. It includes robust control algorithm for linear and nonlinear systems with verification. Features: Describes optimal control based robust control law for event-triggered systems. States results in terms of Theorems and Lemmas supported with detailed proofs. Presents the combination of network interconnected systems and robust control strategy. Includes algorithmic steps for precise understanding of the control technique. Covers detailed problem statement and proposed solutions along with numerical examples. This book aims at Senior undergraduate, Graduate students, and Researchers in Control Engineering, Robotics and Signal Processing.
Event: A Thriller (Event Group Thrillers #1)
by David L. GolemonA secret agency must solve the riddles of history to battle an apocalyptic alien threat in this supernatural thriller series debut.In the summer of 1947, an unidentified object crashed in Roswell, New Mexico. There were no survivors. Now it’s happened again. But this time, two creatures have emerged from the wreckage. One is a small, benevolent being, brimming with intelligence. The other is an animal of remarkable strength, brought to Earth to annihilate all life on the planet. It is called the Destroyer of Worlds.In the desert wastelands of the American Southwest, a battle is about to commence as the two creatures set out to fulfill their own destinies among the human race. Only the Event Group, the US government’s most secret agency, is prepared to stop the devastation. Now they must uncover the hidden truths of ancient myths and legends to ensure that history’s errors will never be repeated.Led by the valiant Major Jack Collins, the Event Group wages total war in the desert. Using the benevolent creature as an ally and resource, they combine forces with the US military and prepare themselves for an epic battle against the most dangerous threat humanity has ever faced.
Everglades: The Ecosystem and Its Restoration
by Steve Davis John C. OgdenThe 31 chapters provide a wealth of previously unpublished information, plus topic syntheses, for a wide range of ecological parameters. These include the physical driving forces that created and continue to shape the Everglades and patterns and processes of its flora and fauna. The book summarizes recent studies of the region's vegetation, alligat
Every Crooked Path
by Steven JamesWho is the Piper? . . . Special Agent Patrick Bowers returns in an electrifying prequel to the Bowers Chess series from critically acclaimed, national bestselling novelist Steven James. A mysterious suicide and a series of abductions draw Patrick into a web of intrigue involving an international conspiracy where no one is who they appear to be and the stakes have never been higher. Soon, Patrick discovers that the secret to stopping the Piper's current crime spree lies in unlocking answers from an eight-year-old cold case--and the only way to do that is by entering the terrifying world of the conspirators himself. Dark, probing, and chilling, Every Crooked Path takes an unflinching look at the world of today's cybercrimes and delves into a parent's worst nightmare as it launches a new chapter of Patrick Bowers thrillers.From the Paperback edition.
Every Deadly Kiss
by Steven JamesFBI special agent Patrick Bowers grapples with a baffling series of murders in Detroit—and discovers a terror plot with roots that stretch back centuries. Called in by an ex-girlfriend to consult on a case, Patrick encounters the work of a killer who displays a stunning degree of ruthlessness. Bowers is shocked to find that the slayings are linked not just to his own history with a known terrorist, but to his former lover as well—and that her secret past might hold the key to stopping the crime spree. As layers of intrigue peel away, the city is pushed ever closer to a seemingly unstoppable bioweapon attack. Unnerving and laced with breathtaking suspense, Every Deadly Kiss is a surprising and complex thriller that will keep readers obsessed to the final page.From the Paperback edition.
Every Farm a Factory: The Industrial Ideal in American Agriculture
by Deborah FitzgeraldDuring the early decades of the 20th century, agricultural practice in America was transformed from a pre-industrial to an industrial activity. In this study Deborah Fitzgerald argues that farms became modernised in the 1920s because they adopted not only new machinery but also the financial, cultural and ideological apparatus of industrialism.
Every Here Has a There: Moving Cargo by Container Ship
by MARGO LINNFollow boxes of books through the supply chain, as they travel from truck to ship and then across the ocean to a bookstore (and to you)!Every here has a there, every up has a down, and every far has a near. Hop on board a big cargo ship as books printed in Asia head onto the water and toward the United States! Chock-full of fun facts and a unique overview of opposites, Every Here Has a There will fascinate and educate young readers on how their treasured books get delivered to their favorite local shelves. Also great for new readers, as its simple, engaging vocabularly offers oodles of options for spelling lists and sight words.