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Fourier Optics in Image Processing (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Neil CollingsThis much-needed text brings the treatment of optical pattern recognition up-to-date in one comprehensive resource. Optical pattern recognition, one of the first implementations of Fourier Optics, is now widely used, and this text provides an accessible introduction for readers who wish to get to grips with how holography is applied in a practical context. A wide range of devices are addressed from a user perspective and are accompanied with detailed tables enabling performance comparison, in addition to chapters exploring computer-generated holograms, optical correlator systems, and pattern matching algorithms. This book will appeal to both lecturers and research scientists in the field of electro-optic devices and systems. Features: Covers a range of new developments, including computer-generated holography and 3D image recognition Accessible without a range of prior knowledge, providing a clear exposition of technically difficult concepts Contains extensive examples throughout to reinforce learning
Fourier Theory in Optics and Optical Information Processing (Multidisciplinary and Applied Optics)
by Toyohiko YatagaiFourier analysis is one of the most important concepts when you apply physical ideas to engineering issues. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of Fourier transform and spectral analysis in optics, image processing, and signal processing. Written by a world renowned author, this book looks to unify the readers understanding of principles of optics, information processing and measurement. This book describes optical imaging systems through a linear system theory. The book also provides an easy understanding of Fourier transform and system theory in optics. It also provides background of optical measurement and signal processing. Finally, the author also provides a systematic approach to learning many signal processing techniques in optics. The book is intended for researchers, industry professionals, and graduate level students in optics and information processing.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Microbiology
by Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez Miguel PrietoVibrational spectroscopy techniques, which have traditionally been used to provide non-destructive, rapid, and relevant information on microbial systematics, are useful for classification and identification. In conjunction with advanced chemometrics, infrared spectroscopy enables the biochemical signatures from microbiological structures to be extracted and analysed. In addition, a number of recent studies have shown that Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can help to understand the molecular basis of events, such as the adaptive tolerance responses expressed by bacteria when exposed to stress conditions in the environment, i.e. environments that cells confront in food and during food processing. The proposed Brief will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses.
Fourier Transforms, Filtering, Probability and Random Processes: Introduction to Communication Systems (Synthesis Lectures on Communications)
by Jerry D. GibsonThis book provides backgrounds and the mathematical methods necessary to understand the basic transforms in signal processing and linear systems to prepare for in depth study of analog and digital communications systems.This tutorial presentation provides developments of Fourier series and other orthogonal series, including trigonometric and complex exponential Fourier series, least squares approximations and generalized Fourier series, and the spectral content of periodic signals. This text thoroughly covers Fourier transform pairs for continuous time signals, Fourier transform properties, and the magnitude and phase of Fourier transforms. The author includes discussions of techniques for the analysis of continuous time linear systems in the time and frequency domains with particular emphasis on the system transfer function, impulse response, system/filter bandwidth, power and energy calculations, and the time domain sampling theorem.
The Fourth Age: Smart Robots, Conscious Computers, and the Future of Humanity
by Byron Reese&“The Fourth Age not only discusses what the rise of A.I. will mean for us, it also forces readers to challenge their preconceptions. And it manages to do all this in a way that is both entertaining and engaging.&” —The New York TimesAs we approach a great turning point in history when technology is poised to redefine what it means to be human, The Fourth Age offers fascinating insight into AI, robotics, and their extraordinary implications for our species.In The Fourth Age, Byron Reese makes the case that technology has reshaped humanity just three times in history: - 100,000 years ago, we harnessed fire, which led to language.- 10,000 years ago, we developed agriculture, which led to cities and warfare.- 5,000 years ago, we invented the wheel and writing, which lead to the nation state.We are now on the doorstep of a fourth change brought about by two technologies: AI and robotics. The Fourth Age provides extraordinary background information on how we got to this point, and how—rather than what—we should think about the topics we&’ll soon all be facing: machine consciousness, automation, employment, creative computers, radical life extension, artificial life, AI ethics, the future of warfare, superintelligence, and the implications of extreme prosperity.By asking questions like &“Are you a machine?&” and &“Could a computer feel anything?&”, Reese leads you through a discussion along the cutting edge in robotics and AI, and, provides a framework by which we can all understand, discuss, and act on the issues of the Fourth Age, and how they&’ll transform humanity.
Fourth Canada-Japan Workshop on Composites: Proceedings Of The Fifth Joint Canada-japan Workshops On Composites
by Suong V. HoaWhile this proceedings volume deals primarily with the conventional areas of metal, ceramic, and polymer composites for civil construction, several of the papers report on new developments in the emerging fields of wood and nanocomposites. The 63 papers from the September 2002 workshop includes the further integration of the fabrication and function processes, aspects of the scale of components which improve the competitive position of composites relative to conventional materials and the exploitation of new types of composite such as nanocomposites which exploit a variety of new length scales to achieve their functionality. This also gives rise to multifunctional composites which have attributes other than structural properties. In this talk these aspects of the future of composites will be explored and illustrated.
Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems: CIS 2023, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #869)
by Sandeep Kumar K. Balachandran Joong Hoon Kim Jagdish Chand BansalThis book is a collection of selected papers presented at the Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2023), organized by CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, under the technical sponsorship of the Soft Computing Research Society, India, during September 4–5, 2023. It includes novel and innovative work from experts, practitioners, scientists, and decision-makers from academia and industry. It covers topics such as the Internet of Things, information security, embedded systems, real-time systems, cloud computing, big data analysis, quantum computing, automation systems, bio-inspired intelligence, cognitive systems, cyber-physical systems, data analytics, data/web mining, data science, intelligence for security, intelligent decision-making systems, intelligent information processing, intelligent transportation, artificial intelligence for machine vision, imaging sensors technology, image segmentation, convolutional neural network, image/video classification, soft computing for machine vision, pattern recognition, human-computer interaction, robotic devices and systems, autonomous vehicles, intelligent control systems, human motor control, game playing, evolutionary algorithms, swarm optimization, neural network, deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, fuzzy logic, rough sets, computational optimization, and neuro-fuzzy systems.
Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems: CIS 2023, Volume 3 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #865)
by Sandeep Kumar Balachandran K. Joong Hoon Kim Jagdish Chand BansalThis book is a collection of selected papers presented at the Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2023), organized by CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, under the technical sponsorship of the Soft Computing Research Society, India, during September 4–5, 2023. It includes novel and innovative work from experts, practitioners, scientists, and decision-makers from academia and industry. It covers topics such as the Internet of Things, information security, embedded systems, real-time systems, cloud computing, big data analysis, quantum computing, automation systems, bio-inspired intelligence, cognitive systems, cyber-physical systems, data analytics, data/web mining, data science, intelligence for security, intelligent decision-making systems, intelligent information processing, intelligent transportation, artificial intelligence for machine vision, imaging sensors technology, image segmentation, convolutional neural network, image/video classification, soft computing for machine vision, pattern recognition, human-computer interaction, robotic devices and systems, autonomous vehicles, intelligent control systems, human motor control, game playing, evolutionary algorithms, swarm optimization, neural network, deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, fuzzy logic, rough sets, computational optimization, and neuro-fuzzy systems.
Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems: CIS 2023, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #868)
by Sandeep Kumar Balachandran K. Joong Hoon Kim Jagdish Chand BansalThis book is a collection of selected papers presented at the Fourth Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2023), organized by CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, under the technical sponsorship of the Soft Computing Research Society, India, during September 4–5, 2023. It includes novel and innovative work from experts, practitioners, scientists, and decision-makers from academia and industry. It covers topics such as the Internet of Things, information security, embedded systems, real-time systems, cloud computing, big data analysis, quantum computing, automation systems, bio-inspired intelligence, cognitive systems, cyber-physical systems, data analytics, data/web mining, data science, intelligence for security, intelligent decision-making systems, intelligent information processing, intelligent transportation, artificial intelligence for machine vision, imaging sensors technology, image segmentation, convolutional neural network, image/video classification, soft computing for machine vision, pattern recognition, human-computer interaction, robotic devices and systems, autonomous vehicles, intelligent control systems, human motor control, game playing, evolutionary algorithms, swarm optimization, neural network, deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, fuzzy logic, rough sets, computational optimization, and neuro-fuzzy systems.
Fourth Generation Mobile Communication
by Peter Curwen Jason WhalleyThis book deals with the development of so-called fourth generation mobile communications or 4G. It covers all aspects of the technology in a form comprehensible to the general reader, a history of its implementation on a worldwide basis and information on how it will be used to improve business transactions. It is up-to-date, comprehensive, and is based upon information acquired from well over one thousand individual sources. All of the data are set up in a manner that simplifies comparisons between countries and service providers. Based on the extensive analysis of the different contexts and progress of 4G technology, future prospects for high-speed mobile communications are also presented.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution 2022: What Every College and High School Student Needs to Know About the Future
by Stephen HaagThe next 20 years will be the most innovative period of time in the history of the world. Why? <p><p> Because we are at the very beginning of the fourth industrial revolution. We have seen the tech, we know it works. It’s getting better, cheaper, faster, and smaller all the time. The tech has been invented, and it's now time to innovate and disrupt. <p><p> That tech includes: <p>• Internet of (All) Things (IoT) <p>• Artificial Intelligence (AI) <p>• Cryptocurrency & Blockchain <p>• Extended Reality (Augmented Reality, Mixed <p>• Reality, and Virtual Reality) <p>• 3D Printing <p>• Autonomous Vehicles <p>• Drones <p>• Energy Harvesting <p>• Communications Technologies <p>• Sensing Technologies (Seeing, Hearing, <p>• Feeling, and Smelling) <p>• Quantum Computing <p>• Nanotechnology <p><p> Those technologies provide the foundation for an entirely new disruption vocabulary including: 3D reprinting, bioprinting, biometrics, cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), decentralized apps (Dapps), decentralized finance (DeFi), digital twins, distributed ledger technology (DLT), edge computing, eVTOL, energy harvesting, fintech, haptic technology, holograms, Lidar, metaverse, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), neural networks, piezoelectricity, renewable energy, smart everything… cities, contracts, grids, homes, mirrors… solar power, stablecoins, the Web 3.0, and so very much more.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Growing Business Success (Studies in Computational Intelligence #935)
by Allam Hamdan Aboul Ella Hassanien Anjum Razzaque Bahaaeddin AlareeniThis book focuses on the implementation of AI for growing business, and the book includes research articles and expository papers on the applications of AI on decision-making, health care, smart universities, public sector and digital government, FinTech, and RegTech. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a vital and a fundamental driver for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR). Its influence is observed at homes, in the businesses and in the public spaces. The embodied best of AI reflects robots which drive our cars, stock our warehouses, monitor our behaviors and warn us of our health, and care for our young children. Some researchers also discussed the role of AI in the current COVID-19 pandemic, whether in the health sector, education, and others. On all of these, the researchers discussed the impact of AI on decision-making in those vital sectors of the economy.
Fourth International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks: ICIPCN 2023 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #798)
by Subarna Shakya João Manuel R. S. Tavares Antonio Fernández-Caballero George PapakostasThis book includes high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks (ICIPCN 2023), which is held in Bangkok, Thailand, during 10–11 August 2023. This book provides a collection of the state-of-the-art research attempts to tackle the challenges in image and signal processing from various novel and potential research perspectives. The book investigates feature extraction techniques, image enhancement methods, reconstruction models, object detection methods, recommendation models, deep and temporal feature analysis, intelligent decision support systems, and autonomous image detection models. In addition to this, the book also looks into the potential opportunities to monitor and control the global pandemic situations.
Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2019, London, Volume 1 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1041)
by Xin-She Yang Nilanjan Dey Amit Joshi Simon SherrattThis book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, held at Brunel University, London, on February 27–28, 2019. It discusses emerging topics pertaining to information and communication technology (ICT) for managerial applications, e-governance, e-agriculture, e-education and computing technologies, the Internet of things (IoT), and e-mining. Written by respected experts and researchers working on ICT, the book offers a valuable asset for young researchers involved in advanced studies.
Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2019, London, Volume 2 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1027)
by Xin-She Yang Simon Sherratt Nilanjan Dey Amit JoshiThe second volume of this book includes selected high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, which was held at Brunel University, London, on February 27–28, 2019. It discusses emerging topics pertaining to information and communication technology (ICT) for managerial applications, e-governance, e-agriculture, e-education and computing technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), and e-mining. Written by respected experts and researchers actively working in ICT, the book offers a valuable resource, especially for researchers who are newcomers to the field.
Fourth International Symposium On Pre-harvest Sprouting In Cereals
by Daryl MaresA major constraint on the production of high-quality grain around the world, pre-harvest sprouting in cereal crops causes substantial economic losses to producers and disrupts the processing, distribution, marketing, and storage of grain products. The solution to this problem must include a better understanding of the phenomenon, the development of
The Fourth Part of the World: The Race to the Ends of the Earth, and the Epic Story of the Map That Gave America Its Name
by Toby Lester“Old maps lead you to strange and unexpected places, and none does so more ineluctably than the subject of this book: the giant, beguiling Waldseemüller world map of 1507.” So begins this remarkable story of the map that gave America its name.For millennia Europeans believed that the world consisted of three parts: Europe, Africa, and Asia. They drew the three continents in countless shapes and sizes on their maps, but occasionally they hinted at the existence of a "fourth part of the world," a mysterious, inaccessible place, separated from the rest by a vast expanse of ocean. It was a land of myth—until 1507, that is, when Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, two obscure scholars working in the mountains of eastern France, made it real. Columbus had died the year before convinced that he had sailed to Asia, but Waldseemüller and Ringmann, after reading about the Atlantic discoveries of Columbus’s contemporary Amerigo Vespucci, came to a startling conclusion: Vespucci had reached the fourth part of the world. To celebrate his achievement, Waldseemüller and Ringmann printed a huge map, for the first time showing the New World surrounded by water and distinct from Asia, and in Vespucci’s honor they gave this New World a name: America. The Fourth Part of the World is the story behind that map, a thrilling saga of geographical and intellectual exploration, full of outsize thinkers and voyages. Taking a kaleidoscopic approach, Toby Lester traces the origins of our modern worldview. His narrative sweeps across continents and centuries, zeroing in on different portions of the map to reveal strands of ancient legend, Biblical prophecy, classical learning, medieval exploration, imperial ambitions, and more. In Lester’s telling the map comes alive: Marco Polo and the early Christian missionaries trek across Central Asia and China; Europe’s early humanists travel to monastic libraries to recover ancient texts; Portuguese merchants round up the first West African slaves; Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci make their epic voyages of discovery; and finally, vitally, Nicholas Copernicus makes an appearance, deducing from the new geography shown on the Waldseemüller map that the earth could not lie at the center of the cosmos. The map literally altered humanity’s worldview. One thousand copies of the map were printed, yet only one remains. Discovered accidentally in 1901 in the library of a German castle it was bought in 2003 for the unprecedented sum of $10 million by the Library of Congress, where it is now on permanent public display. Lavishly illustrated with rare maps and diagrams, The Fourth Part of the World is the story of that map: the dazzling story of the geographical and intellectual journeys that have helped us decipher our world.
Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication: Digital Concrete 2024 (RILEM Bookseries #53)
by Dirk Lowke Niklas Freund David Böhler Friedrich HerdingThis book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 4th RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication (Digital Concrete), held in Munich, Germany, on September 4-6, 2024. Focusing on additive and automated manufacturing technologies for the fabrication of cementitious construction materials, such as 3D concrete printing, powder bed printing, and shotcrete 3D printing, the papers highlight the latest findings in this fast-growing field, addressing topics like mixture design, admixtures, rheology and fresh-state behavior, alternative materials, microstructure, cold joints & interfaces, mechanical performance, reinforcement, structural engineering, durability and sustainability, automation and industrialization.
The Fourth Terminal: Benefits of Body-Biasing Techniques for FDSOI Circuits and Systems (Integrated Circuits and Systems)
by Sylvain Clerc Thierry Di Gilio Andreia CathelinThis book discusses the advantages and challenges of Body-Biasing for integrated circuits and systems, together with the deployment of the design infrastructure needed to generate this Body-Bias voltage. These new design solutions enable state of the art energy efficiency and system flexibility for the latest applications, such as Internet of Things and 5G communications.
Fox and Cameron's Food Science, Nutrition & Health
by Michael EJ LeanThe seventh edition of this classic book has been entirely revised and updated by one of the leading professors of human nutrition in the UK. Written in a clear and easy-to-read style, the book deals with a wide range of topics, from food microbiology and technology to healthy eating and clinical nutrition. It also tackles the more difficult area o
A Fox Found a Box
by Ged AdamsonWhen his radio breaks, a little fox finds that the forest is filled with its own rhythm and music--drip drops and chirp chirps--in this picture book that gently introduces the concept of mindfulness.A little fox is digging for food when--OUCH! What is that?--the fox finds a box! When the fox brings the box home to his animal friends--and turns a funny-looking knob--the box starts to sing, and music fills the forest. Everyone agrees that it feels nice. Day and night, they listen to the box's songs, until, one day, it goes quiet. No matter what they try, they just can't get the box to sing again. The animals stop swishing their tails and flapping their wings.... But, in the silence, the fox hears the drip-drop rhythm of melting icicles and the thump thump of a beaver's tail and comes to realize music is everywhere. The noises of the forest and the animals build into a symphony, until, eventually, everyone joins together in a joyous dance party. From the author of fan favorite Douglas, You Need Glasses!, here is a wonderful celebration of music--and appreciating the little things that have surrounded you all along.
FPGA-based Digital Convolution for Wireless Applications
by Lei GuanThis book presents essential perspectives on digital convolutions in wireless communications systems and illustrates their corresponding efficient real-time field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations. FPGAs or generic all programmable devices will soon become widespread, serving as the "brains" of all types of real-time smart signal processing systems, like smart networks, smart homes and smart cities. The book examines digital convolution by bringing together the following main elements: the fundamental theory behind the mathematical formulae together with corresponding physical phenomena; virtualized algorithm simulation together with benchmark real-time FPGA implementations; and detailed, state-of-the-art case studies on wireless applications, including popular linear convolution in digital front ends (DFEs); nonlinear convolution in digital pre-distortion (DPD) enabled high-efficiency wireless RF transceivers; and fast linear convolution in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. After reading this book, students and professionals will be able to: #65533; Understand digital convolution with inside-out information: discover what convolution is, why it is important and how it works. #65533; Enhance their FPGA design skills, i. e. , enhance their FPGA-related prototyping capability with model-based hands-on examples. #65533; Rapidly expand their digital signal processing (DSP) blocks: to examine how to rapidly and efficiently create (DSP) functional blocks on a programmable FPGA chip as a reusable intellectual property (IP) core. #65533; Upgrade their expertise as both "thinkers" and "doers": minimize/close the gap between mathematical equations and FPGA implementations for existing and emerging wireless applications.
FPGA-Based Embedded System Developer's Guide
by A. Arockia RajThe book covers various aspects of VHDL programming and FPGA interfacing with examples and sample codes giving an overview of VLSI technology, digital circuits design with VHDL, programming, components, functions and procedures, and arithmetic designs followed by coverage of the core of external I/O programming, algorithmic state machine based system design, and real-world interfacing examples. • Focus on real-world applications and peripherals interfacing for different applications like data acquisition, control, communication, display, computing, instrumentation, digital signal processing and top module design • Aims to be a quick reference guide to design digital architecture in the FPGA and develop system with RTC, data transmission protocols
FPGA-BASED Hardware Accelerators (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #566)
by Iouliia Skliarova Valery SklyarovThis book suggests and describes a number of fast parallel circuits for data/vector processing using FPGA-based hardware accelerators. Three primary areas are covered: searching, sorting, and counting in combinational and iterative networks. These include the application of traditional structures that rely on comparators/swappers as well as alternative networks with a variety of core elements such as adders, logical gates, and look-up tables. The iterative technique discussed in the book enables the sequential reuse of relatively large combinational blocks that execute many parallel operations with small propagation delays. For each type of network discussed, the main focus is on the step-by-step development of the architectures proposed from initial concepts to synthesizable hardware description language specifications. Each type of network is taken through several stages, including modeling the desired functionality in software, the retrieval and automatic conversion of key functions, leading to specifications for optimized hardware modules. The resulting specifications are then synthesized, implemented, and tested in FPGAs using commercial design environments and prototyping boards. The methods proposed can be used in a range of data processing applications, including traditional sorting, the extraction of maximum and minimum subsets from large data sets, communication-time data processing, finding frequently occurring items in a set, and Hamming weight/distance counters/comparators. The book is intended to be a valuable support material for university and industrial engineering courses that involve FPGA-based circuit and system design.
FPGA-based Implementation of Signal Processing Systems
by Gaye Lightbody John Mcallister Roger Woods Ying YiAn important working resource for engineers and researchers involved in the design, development, and implementation of signal processing systems The last decade has seen a rapid expansion of the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for a wide range of applications beyond traditional digital signal processing (DSP) systems. Written by a team of experts working at the leading edge of FPGA research and development, this second edition of FPGA-based Implementation of Signal Processing Systems has been extensively updated and revised to reflect the latest iterations of FPGA theory, applications, and technology. Written from a system-level perspective, it features expert discussions of contemporary methods and tools used in the design, optimization and implementation of DSP systems using programmable FPGA hardware. And it provides a wealth of practical insights—along with illustrative case studies and timely real-world examples—of critical concern to engineers working in the design and development of DSP systems for radio, telecommunications, audio-visual, and security applications, as well as bioinformatics, Big Data applications, and more. Inside you will find up-to-date coverage of: FPGA solutions for Big Data Applications, especially as they apply to huge data sets The use of ARM processors in FPGAs and the transfer of FPGAs towards heterogeneous computing platforms The evolution of High Level Synthesis tools—including new sections on Xilinx's HLS Vivado tool flow and Altera's OpenCL approach Developments in Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), which are rapidly replacing more traditional DSP systems FPGA-based Implementation of Signal Processing Systems, 2nd Edition is an indispensable guide for engineers and researchers involved in the design and development of both traditional and cutting-edge data and signal processing systems. Senior-level electrical and computer engineering graduates studying signal processing or digital signal processing also will find this volume of great interest.