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Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Ethics and Applications
by Loveleen Gaur Biswa Mohan SahooTransportation typically entails crucial “life-death” choices, delegating crucial decisions to an AI algorithm without any explanation poses a serious threat. Hence, explainability and responsible AI is crucial in the context of intelligent transportation. In Intelligence Transportation System (ITS) implementations such as traffic management systems and autonomous driving applications, AI-based control mechanisms are gaining prominence.Explainable artificial intelligence for intelligent transportation system tackling certain challenges in the field of autonomous vehicle, traffic management system, data integration and analytics and monitor the surrounding environment.The book discusses and inform researchers on explainable Intelligent Transportation system. It also discusses prospective methods and techniques for enabling the interpretability of transportation systems. The book further focuses on ethical considerations apart from technical considerations.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities
by Mohamed LahbyThanks to rapid technological developments in terms of Computational Intelligence, smart tools have been playing active roles in daily life. It is clear that the 21st century has brought about many advantages in using high-level computation and communication solutions to deal with real-world problems; however, more technologies bring more changes to society. In this sense, the concept of smart cities has been a widely discussed topic in terms of society and Artificial Intelligence-oriented research efforts. The rise of smart cities is a transformation of both community and technology use habits, and there are many different research orientations to shape a better future. The objective of this book is to focus on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in smart city development. As recently designed, advanced smart systems require intense use of complex computational solutions (i.e., Deep Learning, Big Data, IoT architectures), the mechanisms of these systems become ‘black-box’ to users. As this means that there is no clear clue about what is going on within these systems, anxieties regarding ensuring trustworthy tools also rise. In recent years, attempts have been made to solve this issue with the additional use of XAI methods to improve transparency levels. This book provides a timely, global reference source about cutting-edge research efforts to ensure the XAI factor in smart city-oriented developments. The book includes both positive and negative outcomes, as well as future insights and the societal and technical aspects of XAI-based smart city research efforts. This book contains nineteen contributions beginning with a presentation of the background of XAI techniques and sustainable smart-city applications. It then continues with chapters discussing XAI for Smart Healthcare, Smart Education, Smart Transportation, Smart Environment, Smart Urbanization and Governance, and Cyber Security for Smart Cities.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Sustainability Administration: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Sustainability Administration (AIRDS 2024) (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1033)
by Gül Erkol Bayram Marco Valeri Alhamzah Alnoor Mark Camilleri Hadi A. Al-Abrrow Yousif Raad MuhsenThis book explores current research trends in the context of the explainable artificial intelligence’s impact on the digital sustainability trend while delving into case studies on education, tourism, marketing, and finance. These trends are examined through various case studies utilizing distinct analytical methods. The chapters are expected to support scholars and postgraduate students in furthering their research in this field and in recognizing prospective advancements in the applications of artificial intelligence.
Explainable Edge AI: A Futuristic Computing Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1072)
by Aboul Ella Hassanien Deepak Gupta Anuj Kumar Singh Ankit GargThis book presents explainability in edge AI, an amalgamation of edge computing and AI. The issues of transparency, fairness, accountability, explainability, interpretability, data-fusion, and comprehensibility that are significant for edge AI are being addressed in this book through explainable models and techniques. The concept of explainable edge AI is new in front of the academic and research community, and consequently, it will undoubtedly explore multiple research dimensions. The book presents the concept of explainability in edge AI which is the amalgamation of edge computing and AI. In the futuristic computing scenario, the goal of explainable edge AI will be to execute the AI tasks and produce explainable results at the edge. First, this book explains the fundamental concepts of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), then it describes the concept of explainable edge AI, and finally, it elaborates on the technicalities of explainability in edge AI. Owing to the quick transition in the current computing scenario and integration with the latest AI-based technologies, it is significant to facilitate people-centric computing through explainable edge AI. Explainable edge AI will facilitate enhanced prediction accuracy with the comprehensible decision and traceability of actions performed at the edge and have a significant impact on futuristic computing scenarios. This book is highly relevant to graduate/postgraduate students, academicians, researchers, engineers, professionals, and other personnel working in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and intelligent systems.
Explainable Fuzzy Systems: Paving the Way from Interpretable Fuzzy Systems to Explainable AI Systems (Studies in Computational Intelligence #970)
by Jose Maria Alonso Moral Ciro Castiello Luis Magdalena Corrado MencarThe importance of Trustworthy and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is recognized in academia, industry and society. This book introduces tools for dealing with imprecision and uncertainty in XAI applications where explanations are demanded, mainly in natural language. Design of Explainable Fuzzy Systems (EXFS) is rooted in Interpretable Fuzzy Systems, which are thoroughly covered in the book. The idea of interpretability in fuzzy systems, which is grounded on mathematical constraints and assessment functions, is firstly introduced. Then, design methodologies are described. Finally, the book shows with practical examples how to design EXFS from interpretable fuzzy systems and natural language generation. This approach is supported by open source software. The book is intended for researchers, students and practitioners who wish to explore EXFS from theoretical and practical viewpoints. The breadth of coverage will inspire novel applications and scientific advancements.
Explainable, Interpretable, and Transparent AI Systems
by B. K. Tripathy Hari SeethaTransparent Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems facilitate understanding of the decision-making process and provide opportunities in various aspects of explaining AI models. This book provides up-to-date information on the latest advancements in the field of explainable AI, which is a critical requirement of AI, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) models. It provides examples, case studies, latest techniques, and applications from domains such as healthcare, finance, and network security. It also covers open-source interpretable tool kits so that practitioners can use them in their domains.Features: Presents a clear focus on the application of explainable AI systems while tackling important issues of “interpretability” and “transparency”. Reviews adept handling with respect to existing software and evaluation issues of interpretability. Provides insights into simple interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules, and linear regression. Focuses on interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects. Discusses capabilities of explainability and interpretability. This book is aimed at graduate students and professionals in computer engineering and networking communications.
Explainable Machine Learning for Geospatial Data Analysis: A Data-Centric Approach
by Courage KamusokoExplainable machine learning (XML), a subfield of AI, is focused on making complex AI models understandable to humans. This book highlights and explains the details of machine learning models used in geospatial data analysis. It demonstrates the need for a data-centric, explainable machine learning approach to obtain new insights from geospatial data. It presents the opportunities, challenges, and gaps in the machine and deep learning approaches for geospatial data analysis and how they are applied to solve various environmental problems in land cover changes and in modeling forest canopy height and aboveground biomass density. The author also includes guidelines and code scripts (R, Python) valuable for practical readers.Features Data-centric explainable machine learning (ML) approaches for geospatial data analysis. The foundations and approaches to explainable ML and deep learning. Several case studies from urban land cover and forestry where existing explainable machine learning methods are applied. Descriptions of the opportunities, challenges, and gaps in data-centric explainable ML approaches for geospatial data analysis. Scripts in R and python to perform geospatial data analysis, available upon request. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and academics working in and studying data science and machine learning, as well as geospatial data science professionals using GIS and remote sensing in environmental fields.
Explainable Machine Learning for Multimedia Based Healthcare Applications
by M. Shamim Hossain Utku Kose Deepak GuptaThis book covers the latest research studies regarding Explainable Machine Learning used in multimedia-based healthcare applications. In this context, the content includes not only introductions for applied research efforts but also theoretical touches and discussions targeting open problems as well as future insights. In detail, a comprehensive topic coverage is ensured by focusing on remarkable healthcare problems solved with Artificial Intelligence. Because today’s conditions in medical data processing are often associated with multimedia, the book considers research studies with especially multimedia data processing.
Explainable Machine Learning in Medicine (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by Karol Przystalski Rohit M. ThankiThis book covers a variety of advanced communications technologies that can be used to analyze medical data and can be used to diagnose diseases in clinic centers. The book is a primer of methods for medicine, providing an overview of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can be applied in different medical challenges. The authors discuss how to select and apply the proper technology depending on the provided data and the analysis desired. Because a variety of data can be used in the medical field, the book explains how to deal with challenges connected with each type. A number of scenarios are introduced that can happen in real-time environments, with each pared with a type of machine learning that can be used to solve it.
Explainable Neural Networks Based on Fuzzy Logic and Multi-criteria Decision Tools (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #408)
by József Dombi Orsolya CsiszárThe research presented in this book shows how combining deep neural networks with a special class of fuzzy logical rules and multi-criteria decision tools can make deep neural networks more interpretable – and even, in many cases, more efficient. Fuzzy logic together with multi-criteria decision-making tools provides very powerful tools for modeling human thinking. Based on their common theoretical basis, we propose a consistent framework for modeling human thinking by using the tools of all three fields: fuzzy logic, multi-criteria decision-making, and deep learning to help reduce the black-box nature of neural models; a challenge that is of vital importance to the whole research community.
Explainable, Transparent Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: First International Workshop, EXTRAAMAS 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 13–14, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11763)
by Davide Calvaresi Amro Najjar Michael Schumacher Kary FrämlingThis book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Explainable, Transparent Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, EXTRAAMAS 2019, held in Montreal, Canada, in May 2019. The 12 revised and extended papers presented were carefully selected from 23 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on explanation and transparency; explainable robots; opening the black box; explainable agent simulations; planning and argumentation; explainable AI and cognitive science.
Explainable Uncertain Rule-Based Fuzzy Systems
by Jerry M. MendelThe third edition of this textbook presents a further updated approach to fuzzy sets and systems that can model uncertainty — i.e., “type-2” fuzzy sets and systems. The author demonstrates how to overcome the limitations of classical fuzzy sets and systems, enabling a wide range of applications, from time-series forecasting to knowledge mining to classification to control and to explainable AI (XAI). This latest edition again begins by introducing classical (type-1) fuzzy sets and systems, and then explains how they can be modified to handle uncertainty, leading to type-2 fuzzy sets and systems. New material is included about how to obtain fuzzy set word models that are needed for XAI, similarity of fuzzy sets, a quantitative methodology that lets one explain in a simple way why the different kinds of fuzzy systems have the potential for performance improvements over each other, and new parameterizations of membership functions that have the potential for achieving even greater performance for all kinds of fuzzy systems. For hands-on experience, the book provides information on accessing MATLAB, Java, and Python software to complement the content. The book features a full suite of classroom material.
Explaining Algorithms Using Metaphors
by Michal Forišek Monika SteinováThere is a significant difference between designing a new algorithm, proving its correctness, and teaching it to an audience. When teaching algorithms, the teacher's main goal should be to convey the underlying ideas and to help the students form correct mental models related to the algorithm. This process can often be facilitated by using suitable metaphors. This work provides a set of novel metaphors identified and developed as suitable tools for teaching many of the "classic textbook" algorithms taught in undergraduate courses worldwide. Each chapter provides exercises and didactic notes for teachers based on the authors' experiences when using the metaphor in a classroom setting.
Explaining Primary Science
by Paul Chambers Nicholas SouterSuccessful science teaching in primary schools requires a careful understanding of key scientific knowledge. This book covers all the major areas of science relevant for beginning primary school teachers, explaining key concepts from the ground up, helping trainees and recently qualified teachers develop into confident science educators. This new edition comes with: An exploration of scientific misconceptions on key topics How to take action to protect the environment through primary science teaching A newly streamlined focus prioritising essential primary school subject knowledge Links to national curricula for England and Scotland Videos of useful science experiments and demonstrations for the primary classroom
Explaining Primary Science
by Paul Chambers Nicholas SouterSuccessful science teaching in primary schools requires a careful understanding of key scientific knowledge. This book covers all the major areas of science relevant for beginning primary school teachers, explaining key concepts from the ground up, helping trainees and recently qualified teachers develop into confident science educators. This new edition comes with: An exploration of scientific misconceptions on key topics How to take action to protect the environment through primary science teaching A newly streamlined focus prioritising essential primary school subject knowledge Links to national curricula for England and Scotland Videos of useful science experiments and demonstrations for the primary classroom
Explanatorium of the Earth (DK Explanatorium)
by DKWelcome to the Explanatorium of the Earth - the only Earth encyclopedia for children you'll ever need, with amazing photographs of everything from supervolcanoes to tsunamis.What makes volcanoes erupt? Why are tornadoes and hurricanes so destructive? How do rocks, fossils, and gems form? Explanatorium of the Earth takes you on an incredible voyage deep into the heart of our planet and back to discover the powerful forces that continually shape and remodel our ever-changing world. Discover how tectonic plates tear apart and collide, moving inch by inch to create continents, mountain ranges, oceans, and volcanoes. Witness the destructive power of earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. Learn how the slow but relentless process of erosion and weathering wear away rock, reducing mountains to dust and carving valleys and canyons into the land. And learn how the living world and rock cycles have worked together for millions of years to stabilize the planet's climate, keeping Earth suitable for life.
Explanatory Animations in the Classroom: Student-Authored Animations as Digital Pedagogy (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Brendan JacobsThis book provides groundbreaking evidence demonstrating how student-authored explanatory animations can embody and document learning as an exciting new development within digital pedagogy. Explanatory animations can be an excellent resource for teaching and learning but there has been an underlying assumption that students are predominately viewers rather than animation authors. The methodology detailed in this book reverses this scenario by putting students in the driver’s seat of their own learning. This signals not just a change in perspective, but a complete change in activity that, to continue the analogy, will forever change the conversation and make redundant phrases like “Are we there yet?” and “How much longer?” The digital nature of such practices provides compelling evidence for reconceptualising explanatory animation creation as a pedagogical activity that generates multimodal assessment data. Tying together related themes to advance approaches to evidence-based assessment using digital technologies, this book is intended for educators at any stage of their journey, including pre-service teachers.
Explanatory Models, Unit Standards, and Personalized Learning in Educational Measurement: Selected Papers by A. Jackson Stenner
by William P. Fisher Paula J. MassengillThe papers by Jack Stenner included in this book document the technical details of an art and science of measurement that creates new entrepreneurial business opportunities. Jack brought theory, instruments, and data together in ways that are applicable not only in the context of a given test of reading or mathematics ability, but which more importantly catalyzed literacy and numeracy capital in new fungible expressions. Though Jack did not reflect in writing on the inferential, constructive processes in which he engaged, much can be learned by reviewing his work with his accomplishments in mind. A Foreword by Stenner's colleague and co-author on multiple works, William P. Fisher, Jr., provides key clues concerning (a) how Jack's understanding of measurement and its values aligns with social and historical studies of science and technology, and (b) how recent developments in collaborations of psychometricians and metrologists are building on and expanding Jack's accomplishments. This is an open access book.
Exploded View
by Sam McpheetersIt's 2050, and LAPD Detective Terri Pastuzka has drawn the short straw with her first assignment of the new decade. Someone has executed one of the city's countless immigrants, and no one (besides the usual besieged advocacy groups) seems to much care. Even Terri herself is already looking ahead to her next case before an unexpected development reveals there's far more to this corpse than meets the eye.And a lot already meets the eye. In a city immersed in augmented reality, the LAPD have their own superior network of high-tech eyewear-PanOpts, the ultimate panopticon-allowing Terri instant access to files and suspects and literal insertion into the crime scene using security footage captured from every angle the day the murder occurred. What started as a single homicide turns into a string of unsolved murders that tie together in frightening ways, leading Terri down a rabbit hole through Los Angeles's conflicting realities-augmented and virtual, fantastically rumored and harrowingly true-towards an impossible conclusion.Exploded View is the story of a city frozen in crisis, haunted by hardship and overwhelmed by refugees, where technology gives everyday citizens the power to digitally reshape news in real time, and where hard video evidence is impotent against the sheer, unrelenting power of belief. After all, when anyone can forge their own version of the truth, what use is any other reality?Skyhorse Publishing, under our Night Shade and Talos imprints, is proud to publish a broad range of titles for readers interested in science fiction (space opera, time travel, hard SF, alien invasion, near-future dystopia), fantasy (grimdark, sword and sorcery, contemporary urban fantasy, steampunk, alternative history), and horror (zombies, vampires, and the occult and supernatural), and much more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller, a national bestseller, or a Hugo or Nebula award-winner, we are committed to publishing quality books from a diverse group of authors.
Exploding the Phone: The Untold Story of the Teenagers and Outlaws Who Hacked Ma Bell
by Philip LapsleyBefore smartphones, back even before the Internet and personal computer, a misfit group of technophiles, blind teenagers, hippies, and outlaws figured out how to hack the world's largest machine: the telephone system. Starting with Alexander Graham Bell's revolutionary "harmonic telegraph," by the middle of the twentieth century the phone system had grown into something extraordinary, a web of cutting-edge switching machines and human operators that linked together millions of people like never before. But the network had a billion-dollar flaw, and once people discovered it, things would never be the same. Exploding the Phone tells this story in full for the first time. It traces the birth of long-distance communication and the telephone, the rise of AT&T's monopoly, the creation of the sophisticated machines that made it all work, and the discovery of Ma Bell's Achilles' heel. Phil Lapsley expertly weaves together the clandestine underground of "phone phreaks" who turned the network into their electronic playground, the mobsters who exploited its flaws to avoid the feds, the explosion of telephone hacking in the counterculture, and the war between the phreaks, the phone company, and the FBI. The product of extensive original research,Exploding the Phone is a ground-breaking, captivating book.
Exploiting the Use of Strong Nonlinearity in Dynamics and Acoustics (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #613)
by Oleg V. Gendelman Alexander F. VakakisThis book covers the latest ideas and approaches in strongly nonlinear dynamical and acoustical systems and discusses appropriate modelling tools and practical examples highlighting the non-standard and non-stationary aspects of this challenging, yet so promising area. The contributions investigate and present the intentional use of nonlinearity in the most challenging field of acoustics, the latest developments in transient dynamics of strongly nonlinear systems, the subtle numeric problems arising while exploring nonlinear normal modes, the fascinating topic of nonlinear dynamics of wind musical instruments, the novel developments in the field of global nonlinear dynamics, some multi-faceted mathematical challenges in the dynamics of hysteretic systems, and lastly offers theoretical, numeric and experimental insights into the intricate dynamics of systems with contact nonlinearities. The need for such a work is underscored by the fact that accounting for, understanding of, and designing with nonlinearities is becoming an emerging universal trend in engineering practice, and is predicted to be even more so in the future. The book demonstrates that the idea of exploiting strong nonlinearity in dynamical and acoustical systems has transitioned from few early theoretical works to a diverse theoretical and experimental body of current research.
Exploration and Production of Oceanic Natural Gas Hydrate: Critical Factors For Commercialization
by Michael D. Max Arthur H. JohnsonThis second edition provides extensive information on the attributes of the Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) system, highlighting opportunities for the innovative use and modification of existing technologies, as well as new approaches and technologies that have the potential to dramatically lower the cost of NGH exploration and production.Above all, the book compares the physical, environmental, and commercial aspects of the NGH system with those of other gas resources. It subsequently argues and demonstrates that natural gas can provide the least expensive energy during the transition to, and possibly within, a renewable energy future, and that NGH poses the lowest environmental risk of all gas resources.Intended as a non-mathematical, descriptive text that should be understandable to non-specialists as well as to engineers concerned with the physical characteristics of NGH reservoirs and their production, the book is written for readers at the university graduate level. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmentalists and the energy community, and includes discussions that will be of great interest to energy industry professionals, legislators, administrators, regulators, and all those concerned with energy options and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Exploration of Quantum Transport Phenomena via Engineering Emergent Magnetic Fields in Topological Magnets (Springer Theses)
by Yukako FujishiroThis book addresses novel electronic and thermoelectronic properties arising from topological spin textures as well as topologically non-trivial electronic structures. In particular, it focuses on a unique topological spin texture, i.e., spin hedgehog lattice, emerging in a chiral magnet and explore its novel properties which are distinct from the conventional skyrmion lattice, and discusses the possibility of realizing high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect through quantum confinement effect in topological semimetal. This book benefits students and researchers working in the field of condensed matter physics, through providing comprehensive understanding of the current status and the outlook in the field of topological magnets.
Explorations in Ethics: Meta, Normative, And Applied
by David KasparExplorations in Ethics is a collection of essays with a speculative bent. Its twelve contributors attempt to take ethics thinking in new directions. Ethics is fundamentally a speculative discipline. We sometimes lose sight of that because of our current scholarly practices, which include reliance on a set of traditional works in ethics, deferring to the scholarly literature, drawing from the evidential sources afforded us. This volume breaks the mold. It is committed, first and foremost, to exploring new ground in a methodologically sound way whilst respecting and building on the literature where needed. The contributors range from world renowned ethicists to early-career scholars. The ethical standpoints represented are various and the overall aim of this collection is to stimulate fresh thinking.
Explorations in Technology Education Research: Helping Teachers Develop Research Informed Practice (Contemporary Issues in Technology Education)
by P John Williams David BarlexThis volume brings together significant international research in technology education by focusing on contemporary postgraduate research, elaborating on the findings with the aim of making the content relevant to researchers, teachers and other potential researchers in the field. The book shares with readers what the research means for classroom teachers through understanding different motivations for teaching technology in schools and observing the model of learning supported by the research. Each chapter in the book includes references to the digital edition of the respective full thesis, allowing readers to consult the research in detail if necessary. This book continues the work done by 2017's Contemporary Research in Technology Education by the same editors.