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Evaluation of Human Work
by John R. Wilson Sarah SharplesWritten by experts with real-world experience in applying ergonomics methodology in a range of contexts, Evaluation of Human Work, Fourth Edition explores ergonomics and human factors from a "doing it" perspective. More than a cookbook of ergonomics methods, the book encourages students to think about which methods they should apply, when, and why.
Evaluation of Online Higher Education
by Ana Balula António MoreiraThe work presents a theoretical framework for the evaluation of e-Teaching that aims at positioning the online activities designed and developed by the teacher as to the Learning, Interaction and Technology Dimensions. The theoretical research that underlies the study was developed reflecting current thinking on the promotion of quality of teaching and of the integration of information and communication tools into the curriculum in Higher Education (HE), i. e. , bearing in mind some European guidelines and policies on this subject. This way, an answer was sought to be given to one of the aims put forward in this study, namely to contribute towards the development of a conceptual framework to support research on evaluation of e-teaching in the context of HE. Based on the theoretical research carried out, an evaluation tool (SCAI) was designed, which integrates the two questionnaires developed to collect the teachers' and the students' perceptions regarding the development of e-activities. Consequently, an empirical study was structured and carried out, allowing SCAI tool to be tested and validated in real cases. From the comparison of the theoretical framework established and the analysis of the data obtained, we found that the differences in teaching should be valued and seen as assets by HE institutions rather than annihilated in a globalizing perspective.
Evaluation of Rail Technology: A Practical Human Factors Guide (Human Factors in Road and Rail Transport)
by Anjum Naweed Jillian Dorrian Janette RoseRapid advancements in train control and in-cab technologies provide significant opportunities for rail operators to improve efficiency and enhance their operations. New technologies often provide elegant solutions to existing problems or new capabilities for the operator. However, new technologies may also represent a significant form of risk. Thus, it is important to balance the potential for significant improvement with justifiable concern about how the technology may unpredictably change the nature of the work. If a technology is designed and implemented without considering the substantive human factors concerns, that technology may lead to unintended consequences that can introduce safety issues and disrupt network performance. It is important to note that even a well-designed and beneficial technology may be rejected by the users who see it as a threat to their jobs, status or working conditions. This book discusses the issues surrounding rail technology and introduces a ’toolkit’ of human factors evaluation methods. The toolkit provides a practical and operationally focused set of methods that can be used by managers considering investing in technology, staff charged with implementing a technology, and consultants engaged to assist with the design and evaluation process. This toolkit can help to ensure that new rail technologies are thoughtfully designed, effectively implemented, and well received by users so that the significant investment associated with developing rail technologies is not wasted.
Evaluation of Solar Proposals: A Guide for Financial Institutions, Solar Developers and EPCs
by Bishnoi Tanmay; Khanna Ronnie; Karandikar Arvind; Bishnoi DeepankerThis handbook deals with the subject of how an individual can review and evaluate a detailed project report of a Solar PV power plant, which includes feasibility study of the site for installation, assessing of the techno - commercial feasibility, determining the financial viability of setting up a Solar PV Power Plant.
Evaluation of Supply Chain Performance: A Manufacturing Industry Approach (Management and Industrial Engineering)
by Liliana Avelar-Sosa Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz Aidé Aracely Maldonado-MacíasThis book provides some regional aspects considered by manufacturing firms in their decisions to gain competitiveness and have effects on the performance of their supply chains (SC). Some of the main aspects considered are: government's policies, fixed costs, the availability and quality of infrastructure services. This book also discusses the risks for the SC; based on a perception approach, some aspects studied are: demand, suppliers and production processes and how these are related to other elements of the SC. The authors use structural modeling to analyze the evaluation of some manufacturing practices and their impact on customer service satisfaction, agility and flexibility of the SC. The context of this study is immersed in the Mexican manufacturing industry of exportation, also known as maquiladora industry of Ciudad Juarez, México. This borderland is among the top 10 manufacturing Mexican cities. World class industries are located in this region and have been recognized around the world for their competitiveness and high performance. Therefore, the methods and results exposed in this book may be valuable and useful for readers and researchers of the SC worldwide.
Evaluation of Text Summaries Based on Linear Optimization of Content Metrics (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1048)
by Rene Arnulfo Garcia-Hernandez Jonathan Rojas-Simon Yulia LedenevaThis book provides a comprehensive discussion and new insights about linear optimization of content metrics to improve the automatic Evaluation of Text Summaries (ETS). The reader is first introduced to the background and fundamentals of the ETS. Afterward, state-of-the-art evaluation methods that require or do not require human references are described. Based on how linear optimization has improved other natural language processing tasks, we developed a new methodology based on genetic algorithms that optimize content metrics linearly. Under this optimization, we propose SECO-SEVA as an automatic evaluation metric available for research purposes. Finally, the text finishes with a consideration of directions in which automatic evaluation could be improved in the future. The information provided in this book is self-contained. Therefore, the reader does not require an exhaustive background in this area. Moreover, we consider this book the first one that deals with the ETS in depth.
Evaluation of the Computer Fire Model DETACT-QS (The Society of Fire Protection Engineers Series)
by Society for Fire Protection EngineersThis engineering practice Guide, based on the DETACT-QS program, describes a model for predicting the response time of ceiling-mounted heat detectors/sprinklers and smoke detectors, installed under large unobstructed ceilings, for fires with user-defined, time-dependent heat release rate curves. The Guide provides information on the technical features, theoretical basis, assumptions, limitations, and sensitivities as well as guidance on the use of DETACT-QS. Evaluation is based on comparing predictions from DETACT-QS with results from full-scale fire experiments conducted in compartments with ceiling heights ranging from 2.44 m (8 ft) to 12.2 m (40 ft) and peak fire heat release rates ranging from 150 kW to 3.8 MW. Use of this model with building geometries or fire characteristics other than those used in this evaluation may require further evaluation or testing.
Evaluation of the Oil Fiscal Regime in Russia and Proposals for Reform
by Brenton Goldsworthy Daria ZakharovaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
An Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Marine and Hydrokinetic Resource Assessments
by Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Technology Assessment CommitteeIncreasing renewable energy development, both within the United States and abroad, has rekindled interest in the potential for marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) resources to contribute to electricity generation. These resources derive from ocean tides, waves, and currents; temperature gradients in the ocean; and free-flowing rivers and streams. One measure of the interest in the possible use of these resources for electricity generation is the increasing number of permits that have been filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). As of December 2012, FERC had issued 4 licenses and 84 preliminary permits, up from virtually zero a decade ago. However, most of these permits are for developments along the Mississippi River, and the actual benefit realized from all MHK resources is extremely small. The first U. S. commercial gridconnected project, a tidal project in Maine with a capacity of less than 1 megawatt (MW), is currently delivering a fraction of that power to the grid and is due to be fully installed in 2013. As part of its assessment of MHK resources, DOE asked the National Research Council (NRC) to provide detailed evaluations. In response, the NRC formed the Committee on Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Technology Assessment. As directed in its statement of task (SOT), the committee first developed an interim report, released in June 2011, which focused on the wave and tidal resource assessments (Appendix B). The current report contains the committee's evaluation of all five of the DOE resource categories as well as the committee's comments on the overall MHK resource assessment process. This summary focuses on the committee's overarching findings and conclusions regarding a conceptual framework for developing the resource assessments, the aggregation of results into a single number, and the consistency across and coordination between the individual resource assessments. Critiques of the individual resource assessment, further discussion of the practical MHK resource base, and overarching conclusions and recommendations are explained in An Evaluation of the U. S. Department of Energy's Marine and Hydrokinetic Resource Assessment.
Evaluierung der linearen und nichtlinearen Stabstatik in Theorie und Software: Prüfbeispiele, Fehlerursachen, genaue Theorie (Bauingenieur-Praxis)
by Günter Lumpe Volker GensichenUmfangreiche Überprüfungen von Stabtheorie und Berechnungsergebnissen durch die Verfasser belegen, dass der EDV-gestützte Entwurf eines Tragwerks grob fehlerhaft sein kann. Das vorliegende Buch klärt die Frage, wie wirklichkeitsnah die Resultate aktueller Stabstatik-Software ausfallen. Mit Hilfe zahlreicher Referenzbeispiele kann jeder Anwender diese Frage für die von ihm genutzte Software prüfen. Darüber hinaus wird ein Abriss der genauen geometrisch nichtlinearen Biegetorsionstheorie und deren Aufbereitung für die FEM dargestellt. Dieses Buch ist ein unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel für Aufsteller und Prüfer von Standsicherheitsnachweisen sowie für Software-Entwickler. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Günter Lumpe ist seit 1991 Professor für Stahlbau an der Hochschule Biberach. Er war über zehn Jahre im industriellen Stahl- und Anlagenbau praktisch tätig. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Gensichen war im Industrie- und Anlagenbau tätig. Bis 2007 lehrte er Massivbau und Stahlbau an der FH Münster. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Verifikation der Ergebnisse von Statik-Software und ist stellv. Vorsitzender im VDI-Ausschuss „Softwaregestützte Tragsicherheitsnachweise“.
Evangelista Torricelli: Mathematiker des Großherzogs Ferdinand II. der Toskana (Mathematik im Kontext)
by Renato AcamporaDie meisten Nichtmathematiker werden Torricelli durch das nach ihm benannte Ausflussgesetz kennen, wonach die Geschwindigkeit eines aus einem Gefäss austretenden Wasserstrahls proportional zur Quadratwurzel aus der Füllhöhe ist, ebenso wie durch seinen Nachweis des Luftdrucks mithilfe seines Vakuumexperiments. Viel bedeutender aber sind seine Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Mathematik als virtuoser Vertreter von Cavalieris umstrittener Indivisiblenmethode, wobei er seine Ergebnisse aber stets mit Beweisen nach der allgemein anerkannten „Art der Alten“ absicherte. Auf diese Weise gelang ihm die Quadratur der Parabeln und Hyperbeln höherer Ordnung, der Zykloide, der logarithmischen Spirale (ebenso wie deren Rektifikation) und die Bestimmung der Schwerpunkte zahlreicher ebener und räumlicher Figuren.
Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
by Assefa Melesse Wossenu AbtewThe book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.
The Evaporation Mechanism in the Wick of Copper Heat Pipes
by Shwin-Chung WongThis book discusses the evaporation mechanism in the wick of copper heat pipes. The investigations are based on recent visualization experiments for operating horizontal flat-plate heat pipes.
Evaporation of Water With Emphasis on Applications and Measurements
by Frank E. JonesThe loss of water from lakes, rivers, oceans, vegetation, and the earth, as well as man-made structures such as reservoirs and irrigation conduits, is a major concern of hydrologists and irrigation specialists. This loss, compounded by the lack of usable water in some areas, indicates a need for field and laboratory research that will contribute to the understanding of the processes and parameters that comprise and contribute to evaporation.This book emphasizes the process of the air-water interface and discusses such important topics as evaporation and condensation coefficients of water, heat and mass transfer, surface temperature, interfacial tension, convection, diffusion, thermal gradients, wind-generated waves, and the roles that these processes play in evaporation. The book also discusses subjects such as methods for suppressing evaporation using films, water vapor distribution, wind tunnel investigations, evaporation from water drops, preparation of pure water, molecular diffusion, the eddy-correlation method, and evaporation estimation methods. The book will be of considerable value to hydrologists, irrigation specialists, meteorologists, civil engineers, chemical engineers, hydraulic engineers, water resources specialists, water conservation specialists, geophysicists, environmental engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the evaporation of water and its consequences.
Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites
by Victor L. HauserNew, natural, self-renewing, and low-cost, evapotranspiration (ET) covers for landfills provide a solution to landfill waste that is clean, green, and economical. Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites examines the concept theory and the practical proof, then explains the technology, design, and application. It delineates the essen
Even More Fizzle, Bubble, Pop & Wow!
by Lisa MurphyExcite young learners with this collection of more than 80 simple science experiments. Each activity promotes learning and requires materials that are likely already in your classroom or kitchen. Each fun activity includes simple instructions and a clear explanation of the experiment-and many include variations and helpful hints.
Event: A Thriller (Event Group Thrillers #1)
by David L. GolemonA secret agency must solve the riddles of history to battle an apocalyptic alien threat in this supernatural thriller series debut.In the summer of 1947, an unidentified object crashed in Roswell, New Mexico. There were no survivors. Now it’s happened again. But this time, two creatures have emerged from the wreckage. One is a small, benevolent being, brimming with intelligence. The other is an animal of remarkable strength, brought to Earth to annihilate all life on the planet. It is called the Destroyer of Worlds.In the desert wastelands of the American Southwest, a battle is about to commence as the two creatures set out to fulfill their own destinies among the human race. Only the Event Group, the US government’s most secret agency, is prepared to stop the devastation. Now they must uncover the hidden truths of ancient myths and legends to ensure that history’s errors will never be repeated.Led by the valiant Major Jack Collins, the Event Group wages total war in the desert. Using the benevolent creature as an ally and resource, they combine forces with the US military and prepare themselves for an epic battle against the most dangerous threat humanity has ever faced.
Event-Based Control and Signal Processing (Embedded Systems)
by Marek MiśkowiczEvent-based systems are a class of reactive systems deployed in a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines including control, communication, signal processing, and electronic instrumentation. Activities in event-based systems are triggered in response to events usually representing a significant change of the state of controlled or monitored physical variables. Event-based systems adopt a model of calls for resources only if it is necessary, and therefore, they are characterized by efficient utilization of communication bandwidth, computation capability, and energy budget. Currently, the economical use of constrained technical resources is a critical issue in various application domains because many systems become increasingly networked, wireless, and spatially distributed.Event-Based Control and Signal Processing examines the event-based paradigm in control, communication, and signal processing, with a focus on implementation in networked sensor and control systems. Featuring 23 chapters contributed by more than 60 leading researchers from around the world, this book covers: Methods of analysis and design of event-based control and signal processing Event-driven control and optimization of hybrid systems Decentralized event-triggered control Periodic event-triggered control Model-based event-triggered control and event-triggered generalized predictive control Event-based intermittent control in man and machine Event-based PID controllers Event-based state estimation Self-triggered and team-triggered control Event-triggered and time-triggered real-time architectures for embedded systems Event-based continuous-time signal acquisition and DSP Statistical event-based signal processing in distributed detection and estimation Asynchronous spike event coding technique with address event representation Event-based processing of non-stationary signals Event-based digital (FIR and IIR) filters Event-based local bandwidth estimation and signal reconstruction Event-Based Control and Signal Processing is the first extensive study on both event-based control and event-based signal processing, presenting scientific contributions at the cutting edge of modern science and engineering.
Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems
by Rodney Douglas Giacomo Indiveri Tobi Delbruck Adrian Whatley Shih-Chii LiuNeuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems.Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence.This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems.Key features:Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering.Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles.Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.
Event-Based PID Controllers with Fixed Threshold Sampling Strategies (Springer Theses)
by Oscar Miguel-EscrigThis book offers a detailed examination of event-based control systems, exploring their design, implementation, and robustness. It addresses various sampling strategies such as Symmetric-Send-On-Delta (SSOD) and Regular Quantization with Hysteresis (RQH), providing insights into their application in networked control systems. Key topics include: the theoretical foundations of Event-Based Control under the above-mentioned sampling schemes, robustness analysis against limit cycle oscillations, and tuning methodologies for PID controllers considering continuous and discrete implementations. This book also evaluates classical tuning rules for event-based control from the point of view of the robustness, which are assessed through new robustness measures. Further, the implementation of Event-Based PID Controllers is demonstrated in physical systems using the standard IEC 61499. All in all, this outstanding PhD thesis provides readers with new schemes and techniques for designing robust Event-Based Controllers that can be better adapted to various industrial settings considering their specific needs.
Event Classification in Liquid Scintillator Using PMT Hit Patterns: for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Searches (Springer Theses)
by Jack DungerThe search for neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the highest priority areas in particle physics today; it could provide insights to the nature of neutrino masses (currently not explained by the Standard Model) as well as how the universe survived its early stages. One promising experimental approach involves the use of large volumes of isotope-loaded liquid scintillator, but new techniques for background identification and suppression must be developed in order to reach the required sensitivity levels and clearly distinguish the signal. The results from this thesis constitute a significant advance in this area, laying the groundwork for several highly effective and novel approaches based on a detailed evaluation of state-of-the-art detector characteristics. This well written thesis includes a particularly clear and comprehensive description of the theoretical motivations as well as impressively demonstrating the effective use of diverse statistical techniques. The professionally constructed signal extraction framework contains clever algorithmic solutions to efficient error propagation in multi-dimensional space. In general, the techniques developed in this work will have a notable impact on the field.
Event-Trigger Dynamic State Estimation for Practical WAMS Applications in Smart Grid
by Zhen Li Sen Li Tyrone Fernando Xi ChenThis book describes how dynamic state estimation application in wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) are crucial for power system reliability, to acquire precisely power system dynamics. The event trigger DSE techniques described by the authors provide a design balance between the communication rate and estimation performance, by selectively sending the innovational data. The discussion also includes practical problems for smart grid applications, such as the non-Gaussian process/measurement noise, packet dropout, computation burden of accurate DSE, robustness to the system variation, etc. Readers will learn how the event trigger DSE can facilitate the effective reduction of communication rates, with guaranteed accuracy under a variety of practical conditions in smart grid applications.
Event-Triggered Active Disturbance Rejection Control: Theory and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #356)
by Dawei Shi Ling Shi Yuan Huang Junzheng WangThe past few years have seen the attention and rapid developments in event-triggered sampled-data systems, in which the effect of event-triggered sensor measurements and controller updates is explored in controller analysis and design.This book offers the first systematic treatment of event-triggered sampled-data control system design using active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), an effective approach that is popular in both theoretic research and industrial applications. Extensive application examples with numerous illustrations are included to show how the event-triggered ADRC with theoretic performance guarantees can be implemented in engineering systems and how the performance can be actually achieved. For theoretic researchers and graduate students, the presented results provide new directions in theoretic research on event-triggered sampled-data systems; for control practitioners, the book offers an effective approach to achieving satisfactory performance with limited sampling rates.
Event-Triggered Control of Switched Linear Systems (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #365)
by Jun Fu Tai-Fang LiThis book approaches its subject matter in a way that provides Lyapunov function analysis and event-triggered design methods for switched dynamic systems in terms of sampled-data control, hysteresis switching control, and fault-tolerant control. This book presents several novel design methods on event-triggered control of switched linear systems, in which the events inclusively consist of not only switching itself but events occurring as the switched systems evolve. The features of our approaches lie in threefold: i) In the framework of sampled-data control, a bond between the sampling period and the average dwell time of the asynchronous switched linear neutral systems is revealed, with which stabilization conditions are derived for periodic sampling and event-triggered sampling mechanisms, respectively. ii) New event-triggered control strategies are proposed for switched linear systems and switched delay systems including switched neutral systems. The Zeno phenomenon can be excluded easily since the constant threshold can guarantee the existence of minimum positive lower bound between two continuous sampling intervals. iii). Two new fault-tolerant control methods are presented for switched cascade systems, with structural uncertainties existing in both system matrices and input matrices of the linear subsystems, by using the average dwell-time techniques. The proposed control design works on both the switched systems with actuator faults and its nominal systems (i.e., without actuator faults) without necessarily changing any structures and/or parameters of the proposed controllers. This book presents several systematical analysis and design methods for event-triggered control of switched systems in terms of the Lyapunov-based stability. It is of great significance to theoretical research and practical applications for switched systems. The book provides a unified framework of sampled-data control, including periodic sampled-data control and event-triggered control, and fault-tolerant control of switched systems. It serves as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of analysis and synthesis of switched systems. In addition, it is also a useful source of up-to-date design methods for researchers who study switched dynamic systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering.
Event-Triggered Cooperative Control: Analysis and Synthesis
by Wenying Xu Daniel W. Ho Jinde CaoThe book provides a systematic and in-depth introduction to distributed event-triggered cooperative control for multi-agent systems from a theoretical perspective, which will be of particular interest to the readers. The included major research topics include: a unified design and analysis framework for centralized, clustered and distributed event-triggered schemes; fully distributed design for event/self-triggered schemes; resilient event-triggered control under malicious attacks; and various methods to aovid Zeno behavior. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of event-triggered communication and control in multi-agent system is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested in learning principles and methods to deal with communication constraints in multi-agent systems and to design energy-saving control protocols. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of complex networks, smart grids, applied mathematics, electrical and electronic engineering, and computer engineering, etc.