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Extremes in a Changing Climate
by Amir Aghakouchak David Easterling Kuolin Hsu Siegfried Schubert Soroosh SorooshianThis book provides a collection of the state-of-the-art methodologies and approaches suggested for detecting extremes, trend analysis, accounting for nonstationarities, and uncertainties associated with extreme value analysis in a changing climate. This volume is designed so that it can be used as the primary reference on the available methodologies for analysis of climate extremes. Furthermore, the book addresses current hydrometeorologic global data sets and their applications for global scale analysis of extremes. While the main objective is to deliver recent theoretical concepts, several case studies on extreme climate conditions are provided. Audience The book is suitable for teaching in graduate courses in the disciplines of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth System Science, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences.
Extremophiles: Wastewater and Algal Biorefinery
by Pratibha Dheeran Sachin KumarThis book ‘Extremophiles: Wastewater and Algal Biorefinery’ explores the potential of extremophiles/extremotolerant organisms in wastewater treatment, biorefining of algal biomass and in the treatment of industrial waste effluent. The book provides a holistic overview about the current status of extremophiles in waste water treatment and various industrial processes. The chapters comprehensively cover the scientific and research findings on various industrial applications of extremophiles such as biofuels, extremozymes, electricity generation, biofilms, microbial corrosion and waste water treatment etc. This book is an integrated source of literature for the scientists, engineers, academicians, and students working in the area of extremophiles, microbial technology and biorefinery.
Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology
by Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro Debora Frigi RodriguesThis book discusses the extremophiles explored for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a widely emerging field involving interdisciplinary subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry and medicine. A wide variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae are employed as biological agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Novel routes by which extremophiles can be employed to generate nanoparticles have yet to be discovered. The book is divided into 5 major chapters: (1) Major types of nanoparticles in nanotechnology (2) Diversity of microbes in the synthesis of nanoparticles (3) Extremophiles in nanoparticle biosynthesis (4) Applications of nanoparticles produced by extremophiles (5) Challenges and Future perspectives
Extremophiles for Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Health Improvement
by Anuj Ranjan Vishnu D. Rajput Abhishek Chauhan Evgeniya Valer’evna Prazdnova Tatiana Minkina Sajad Majeed ZargarThis volume presents recent biotechnological advances in the application of extremophiles in sustainable agricultural production, plant health and soil remediation. It highlights the physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles to ensure their survival and adaptation under stressful agricultural conditions, as well as their ecological diversity and taxonomical attributes that allow them to be useful in improving abiotic and biotic tolerance among crops. The chapters cover genomic, metagenomic and metabolomic approaches for improving crop production, biocontrol, nutrient solubilization and soil health to ensure food and nutrition security in a sustainable manner in difficult growing environments. The book will be useful for students and researchers studying soil and plant management, sustainable agriculture, microbiology and biochemistry.
Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications (Microorganisms for Sustainability #8)
by Dilfuza Egamberdieva Nils-Kåre Birkeland Hovik Panosyan Wen-Jun LiThis book explores various aspects of thermophilic and halophilic microbes from Eurasian ecosystems, which have proved to offer a unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of extremophiles. It also covers the biotechnological uses of extremophiles, and their potential use in agricultural and industrial applications. The topics addressed include but are not limited to: diversity and microbial ecology, microbe-environment interactions, adaptation and evolution, element cycling and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles in Eurasian ecosystems. In order to review the progress made in biology and biotechnological applications of thermophiles and halophiles, the book combines review papers and results of original research from various specialists and authorities in the field. It includes several chapters describing the microbial diversity and ecology of geothermal springs distributed among the territory of various Eurasian countries, such as Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Georgia, India, Italy, Pakistan and Turkey. A dedicated chapter discusses selected aspects of thermophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from mining sites (sulfide ores); detailed descriptions of various thermophile microbes isolated from high-temperature environments and their biotechnological potential are also provided. Subsequent chapters describe the diversity and ecology of halophilic microbes harbored in saline and hypersaline lakes in Iran, Turkey and China; soil and plant microbiomes in saline arid lands of Uzbekistan; microbial diversity in Asian deserts; and the potential applications of thermophilic and halophilic microbes as exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers, focusing on the chemistry and applications of the EPS they produce. We hope that this book will prove valuable as an up-to-date overview of the current state of research on Eurasian extremophiles in general and thermophiles and halophiles in particular. Many questions remain unanswered, and we hope that it will stimulate further studies in this intriguing and promising field.
Extremum-Seeking Control and Applications
by Chunlei Zhang Raúl OrdóñezExtremum-seeking control tracks a varying maximum or minimum in a performance function such as output or cost. It attempts to determine the optimal performance of a control system as it operates, thereby reducing downtime and the need for system analysis. Extremum-seeking Control and Applications is divided into two parts. In the first, the authors review existing analog-optimization-based extremum-seeking control including gradient-, perturbation- and sliding-mode-based control designs. They then propose a novel numerical-optimization-based extremum-seeking control based on optimization algorithms and state regulation. This control design is developed for simple linear time-invariant systems and then extended for a class of feedback linearizable nonlinear systems. The two main optimization algorithms - line search and trust region methods - are analyzed for robustness. Finite-time and asymptotic state regulators are put forward for linear and nonlinear systems respectively. Further design flexibility is achieved using the robustness results of the optimization algorithms and the asymptotic state regulator by which existing nonlinear adaptive control techniques can be introduced for robust design. The approach used is easier to implement and tends to be more robust than those that use perturbation-based extremum-seeking control. The second part of the book deals with a variety of applications of extremum-seeking control: a comparative study of extremum-seeking control schemes in antilock braking system design; source seeking, formation control, collision and obstacle avoidance for groups of autonomous agents; mobile radar networks; and impedance matching. MATLAB®/Simulink® code which can be downloaded from www.springer.com/ISBN helps readers to reproduce the results presented in the text and gives them a head start for implementing the algorithms in their own applications. Extremum-seeking Control and Applications will interest academics and graduate students working in control, and industrial practitioners from a variety of backgrounds: systems, automotive, aerospace, communications, semiconductor and chemical engineering.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites
by Ming Qiu Zhang Min Zhi RongExplore the cutting-edge in self-healing polymers and composites In Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites, a pair of distinguished materials scientists delivers an insightful and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals, theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and application of self-healing polymers and polymer composites. The book discusses how to prepare self-healing polymeric materials, how to increase the speed of crack repair, high temperature applications, and how to broaden the spectrum of healing agent species. The authors emphasize the integration of existing techniques with novel synthetic approaches for target-oriented materials design and fabrication. They provide a comprehensive view of this emerging field, allowing new researchers to gather a firm understanding of the framework for creating new materials or applications. Additionally, the book includes: A thorough introduction to the field of self-healing polymers and polymer composites, including the advances made by various laboratories and the challenges, trends, and future directions that characterize modern research in the area Comprehensive explorations of the self-healing strategies proposed by the authors, including addition polymerization, systems-based microcapsules and plastic tubes, and more Practical discussions of the application of reversible S-S bonds in self-healing polymers In-depth examinations of intrinsic self-healing via reversible C-ON bonds Perfect for polymer and materials scientists, chemists, and engineers, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the polymer, coatings, paints, medical, defense, and pharmaceutical industries.
Extruded Cables for High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission
by Giovanni Mazzanti Massimo MarzinottoThe only book on the market that provides current, necessary, and comprehensive technical knowledge of extruded cables and high-voltage direct-current transmission This is the first book to fully address the technical aspects of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) link projects with extruded cables. It covers design and engineering techniques for cable lines, insulation materials, and accessories, as well as cable performance and life span and reliability issues. Beginning with a discussion on the fundamentals of HVDC cable transmission theory, Extruded Cables for High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission: Advances in Research and Development covers: Both the cable and the accessories (joints and terminations), each of which affects cable line performance The basic designs of HVDC cables--including a comparison of mass insulated non-draining cables with extruded HVDC cables The theoretical elements on which the design of HVDC cables is based--highlighting the differences between HVAC and HVDC cables Space charge-related problems that have a critical impact on extruded insulation for HVDC application Recent advances in extruded compounds for HVDC cables such as additives and nano-fillers The improved design of extruded HVDC cable systems--with emphasis on design aspects relevant to accessories Cable line reliability problems and the impact on cable system design Including more than 200 illustrations, Extruded Cables for High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission fills a gap in the field, providing power cable engineers with complete, up-to-date guidance on HVDC cable lines with extruded insulation.
Extruders in Food Applications
by Mian N. RiazThe result of years of experience by experts in extrusion technology, Extruders in Food Applications brings together practical experience and in-depth knowledge of extrusion cooking technology. The book summarizes basic considerations for the application of extrusion technology to food industry processes and focuses on the types of extruders available for a growing number of food applications. Chapters compare and describe the types of extruders and their functions and applications, providing a wealth of information. This is a valuable resource for the technical and practical application of extrusion and will be useful for the selection of the proper equipment for this technology.
Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
by Daniel X. ChenThis book introduces readers to the theory and practice of extrusion bioprinting of scaffolds for tissue engineering and modeling. The text emphasizes the fundamentals and practical applications of extrusion bioprinting for scaffold fabrication, in a manner particularly suitable for those (including both undergraduate and graduate students) who wish to master the subject matter and apply it to real tissue engineering. Readers will learn how to design, fabricate, and characterize tissue scaffolds to be created by extrusion bioprinting technologies. This book: Covers tissue engineering and various scaffold fabrication techniques Presents the general requirements imposed on scaffolds and the scaffold design process Discusses the preparation and characterization of biomaterials and bioink for extrusion bioprinting Educates readers regarding how to bioprint and characterize scaffolds with living cells for tissue engineering and modeling Introduces the common methods/ techniques used to measure and characterize the mechanical properties of native tissues and scaffolds Discusses various approaches to create vascular networks within tissue scaffolds to facilitate their functions Introduces the concept of controlled release and the common strategies for regulating biomolecules in tissue engineering and printed scaffolds Includes many case studies of bioprinting and characterizing scaffolds for tissue engineering and modeling, to reflect the recent advances in the field of bioprinting
Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
by Daniel X. ChenThis book introduces readers to the theory and practice of extrusion bio-printing of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The author emphasizes the fundamentals and practical applications of extrusion bio-printing to scaffold fabrication, in a manner particularly suitable for those who wish to master the subject matter and apply it to real tissue engineering applications. Readers will learn to design, fabricate, and characterize tissue scaffolds to be created by means of extrusion bio-printing technology.
Extrusion-Cooking Techniques: Applications, Theory and Sustainability
by Leszek MoscickiOffering an engineering perspective and the latest information on the application of this rapidly expanding technique, this practical book covers the technology, engineering, materials and products, as well as economic and ecological aspects. In addition to the theory, it also utilizes case studies that can easily be put into industrial practice. Each step of the process is discussed in terms of sustainability, and all data complies with the EU and FTA environmental regulations. Invaluable reading for food chemists and technologists, process engineers, chemists in industry, agricultural scientists, and chemical engineers. From the Contents: * Engineering Aspects of Extrusion * Raw Materials in the Production of Extrudates * Production of Breakfast Cereals, Snack Pellets, Baby Food and more * Extrusion Technique in Confectionery * Pet Food and Aquafeed * Extrusion-Cooking in Waste Management and Paper Pulp Processing * Thermoplastic Starch * Expanders * Process Automation * Scale-Up of Extrusion-Cooking in Single-Screw Extruders
Extrusion Of Foods (Routledge Revivals #1)
by Judson M. HarperFirst Published in 1981, this two-volume set explores the extrusion of foods. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Extrusion Processing Technology: Food and Non-Food Biomaterials
by Jean-Marie Bouvier Osvaldo H. CampanellaThe only up-to-date book on this important technology, Extrusion Processing Technology: Food and Non-Food Biomaterials bridges the gap between the principles of extrusion science and the practical "know how" of operational engineers and technicians. Written by internationally renowned experts with over forty years of experience between them, this valuable reference for food scientists, food engineers, chemical engineers, and students includes coverage of new, greener technologies as well as case studies to illustrate the practical, real-world application of the principles in various settings.
Exzellente Geschäftsprozesse mit SAP
by Egmont FothDer Einsatz von SAP ist eine Herausforderung, die alle Bereiche eines Unternehmens betrifft: Mitarbeiter müssen das notwendige Know-how aufbauen, um das System effektiv nutzen zu können; Unternehmensprozesse funktionieren umso besser, je enger sich die Organisation an das Standardprozessmodell anpasst; korrekte Stammdaten stellen den reibungslosen Ablauf der Supply-Chain-Prozesse sicher. Das Buch führt in Best-Practice-Prozesse ein und bietet zahlreiche praxiserprobte Tipps für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von SAP in Unternehmensgruppen.
Eye Beyond the Sky: 27 Telescopes and Space Probes, from Hooker to JWST (Astronomers' Universe)
by Jie WangThis book highlights stories of the most important 13 ground-based observatories and 14 space probes in human history, leading readers through each significant step of human’s astronomical observation journey. From the earliest Hooker Telescope and the Mount Wilson Observatory, to the latest FAST, JWST and DAMPE, the targets of observation range from large systems such as the solar system, the milky way, and the universe, to individual planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and the remote stars, and to the matters that reveal the origin of the universe, such as dark matter and cosmic background radiation. The book presents the mysteries of the sky in an easily readable manner suitable for audiences of all ages who are curious about the universe and thirsty to know all the important discoveries in the past century, especially the last decade. With carefully-selected contents, the book weaves together a series of tales to make the convoluted history of astronomical observation full offun and excitement, ensuring that readers never lose interest during reading.
Eye Gaze in Intelligent User Interfaces
by Cristina Conati Thomas Bader Yukiko I. NakanoRemarkable progress in eye-tracking technologies opened the way to design novel attention-based intelligent user interfaces, and highlighted the importance of better understanding of eye-gaze in human-computer interaction and human-human communication. For instance, a user's focus of attention is useful in interpreting the user's intentions, their understanding of the conversation, and their attitude towards the conversation. In human face-to-face communication, eye gaze plays an important role in floor management, grounding, and engagement in conversation. Eye Gaze in Intelligent User Interfaces draws on ideas from a number of contributors working on how attentional information can be applied to novel intelligent interfaces. Part I focuses on analyzing human eye gaze behaviors to reveal characteristics of human communication and cognition; Part II addresses estimation and prediction of the cognitive state of the users using gaze information; and Part III presents proposals of novel gaze-aware interfaces which integrate eye-trackers as a system component. The contributions highlight a direction for the future of human-computer interaction, and discuss issues in human attentional behaviors and face-to-face communication which are essential in designing gaze aware interactive interfaces.
Eye in the Sky
by Dwayne DayPresenting the full story of the CORONA spy satellites' origins, Eye in the Sky explores the Cold War technology and far-reaching effects of the satellites on foreign policy and national security. Arguing that satellite reconnaissance was key to shaping the course of the Cold War, the book documents breakthroughs in intelligence gathering and achievements in space technology that rival the landing on the moon.
Eye Movement Research: An Introduction to its Scientific Foundations and Applications (Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics)
by Christoph Klein Ulrich EttingerThis edited volume presents fundamentals as well as applications of oculomotor methods in industrial and clinical settings. The topical spectrum covers 1.) basics and background material, 2.) methods such as recording techniques, markov models, Lévy flights, pupillometry and many more, as well as 3.) a broad range of applications in clinical and industrial settings. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
The Eye of the Master: A Social History of Artificial Intelligence
by Matteo PasquinelliA social history of AI that finally reveals its roots in the spatial computation of industrial factories and the surveillance of collective behaviour.What is AI? A dominant view describes it as the quest "to solve intelligence," a solution supposedly to be found in the secret logic of the mind or in the deep physiology of the brain, such as in its complex neural networks.The Eye of the Master argues, to the contrary, that the inner code of AI is shaped not by the imitation of biological intelligence, but the intelligence of labour and social relations, as it is found in Babbage's "calculating engines" of the industrial age as well as in the recent algorithms for image recognition and surveillance.The idea that AI may one day become autonomous (or "sentient", as someone thought of Google's LaMDA) is pure fantasy. Computer algorithms have always imitated the form of social relations and the organisation of labour in their own inner structure and their purpose remains blind automation.The Eye of the Master urges a new literacy on AI for scientists, journalists and new generations of activists, who should recognise that the "mystery" of AI is just the automation of labour at the highest degree, not intelligence per se.
Eye of the Storm: NASA, Drones, and the Race to Crack the Hurricane Code
by Amy CherrixTen million Americans live in hurricane danger zones, but how do we know if or when to evacuate? We must predict both when a storm will strike and how strong it will be. A daring NASA earth science mission may have finally found a way to crack this hurricane code.Dr. Scott Braun is the principal investigator for the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel mission (HS3), which flies repurposed military drone over hurricanes so that scientists can gather data. But the stakes are high and time is running out.In the first Scientists in the Field book entirely about weather, meet the NASA team on the cutting edge of meteorological field science.
The Eye of War: Military Perception from the Telescope to the Drone
by Antoine BousquetHow perceptual technologies have shaped the history of war from the Renaissance to the present From ubiquitous surveillance to drone strikes that put &“warheads onto foreheads,&” we live in a world of globalized, individualized targeting. The perils are great. In The Eye of War, Antoine Bousquet provides both a sweeping historical overview of military perception technologies and a disquieting lens on a world that is, increasingly, one in which anything or anyone that can be perceived can be destroyed—in which to see is to destroy. Arguing that modern-day global targeting is dissolving the conventionally bounded spaces of armed conflict, Bousquet shows that over several centuries, a logistical order of militarized perception has come into ascendancy, bringing perception and annihilation into ever-closer alignment. The efforts deployed to evade this deadly visibility have correspondingly intensified, yielding practices of radical concealment that presage a wholesale disappearance of the customary space of the battlefield. Beginning with the Renaissance&’s fateful discovery of linear perspective, The Eye of War discloses the entanglement of the sciences and techniques of perception, representation, and localization in the modern era amid the perpetual quest for military superiority. In a survey that ranges from the telescope, aerial photograph, and gridded map to radar, digital imaging, and the geographic information system, Bousquet shows how successive technological systems have profoundly shaped the history of warfare and the experience of soldiering. A work of grand historical sweep and remarkable analytical power, The Eye of War explores the implications of militarized perception for the character of war in the twenty-first century and the place of human subjects within its increasingly technical armature.
Eye Wonder: Space
by Simon Holland Mary Ling Carole StottOpen your eyes to a world of discovery. Travel from Earth to the ends of the known universe. Space is a colorful first guide to astronomy packed with facts about space exploration, the solar system, planets, stars, galaxies, and much more. Dramatic, atmospheric photography provides a wealth of visual information. Packed with facts and written in an accessible style, Eye Wonders are the perfect educational start for young children. A groundbreaking reference series specially developed for younger children aged five plus. In a stunning style departure for DK, wonderful photography shows subjects within their natural setting, offering a whole new level of information through powerful images. Vocabulary is accessible to children aged five plus, with the meanings of new, subject-related words clearly explained. The series provides an excellent knowledge base on the natural world for children starting to learn. The combination of breathtaking visuals and informative, accurate text will hook even those children who usually avoid books.
Eye Wonder: Open Your Eyes to a World of Discovery (Eye Wonder)
by Carole StottOpen your eyes to a world of discovery. Travel from Earth to the ends of the known universe. Space is a colorful first guide to astronomy packed with facts about space exploration, the solar system, planets, stars, galaxies, and much more. Dramatic, atmospheric photography provides a wealth of visual information. Packed with facts and written in an accessible style, Eye Wonders are the perfect educational start for young children. A groundbreaking reference series specially developed for younger children aged five plus. In a stunning style departure for DK, wonderful photography shows subjects within their natural setting, offering a whole new level of information through powerful images. Vocabulary is accessible to children aged five plus, with the meanings of new, subject-related words clearly explained. The series provides an excellent knowledge base on the natural world for children starting to learn. The combination of breathtaking visuals and informative, accurate text will hook even those children who usually avoid books.
Eyes In The Sky: The Secret Rise of Gorgon Stare and How It Will Watch Us All
by Arthur Holland MichelThe fascinating history and unnerving future of high-tech aerial surveillance, from its secret military origins to its growing use on American citizensEyes in the Sky is the authoritative account of how the Pentagon secretly developed a godlike surveillance system for monitoring America's enemies overseas, and how it is now being used to watch us in our own backyards. Whereas a regular aerial camera can only capture a small patch of ground at any given time, this system—and its most powerful iteration, Gorgon Stare—allow operators to track thousands of moving targets at once, both forwards and backwards in time, across whole city-sized areas. When fused with big-data analysis techniques, this network can be used to watch everything simultaneously, and perhaps even predict attacks before they happen. In battle, Gorgon Stare and other systems like it have saved countless lives, but when this technology is deployed over American cities—as it already has been, extensively and largely in secret—it has the potential to become the most nightmarishly powerful visual surveillance system ever built. While it may well solve serious crimes and even help ease the traffic along your morning commute, it could also enable far more sinister and dangerous intrusions into our lives. This is closed-circuit television on steroids. Facebook in the heavens. Drawing on extensive access within the Pentagon and in the companies and government labs that developed these devices, Eyes in the Sky reveals how a top-secret team of mad scientists brought Gorgon Stare into existence, how it has come to pose an unprecedented threat to our privacy and freedom, and how we might still capitalize on its great promise while avoiding its many perils.