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Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems
by Rainer Brumme Partap K. KhannaThis volume compiles the results of long-term observations of site properties and ecosystem processes for three beech forests. Representing a spectrum of common beech forest sites in Central Europe, they receive similar atmospheric inputs and are growing under similar climatic conditions, but differ in their soil acidity. Significant differences were observed in the diversity and activities of fauna and microbes in these soils, which was the major driving variable for the nutrient cycling processes, growth patterns, greenhouse gas emissions and the C and N sequestration in these forests. Differences in N and C contents and cycling among the three beech sites represented three phases (quasi steady-state, accumulation and degradation) as described by ecosystem theory on the functioning and historical development of the N dynamic of other 50 European ecosystems. Various implications for the future management of these and similar beech sites are discussed.
Fundamental and Applied Nano-Electromagnetics
by Antonio Maffucci Sergey A. MaksimenkoThis book presents the most relevant and recent results in the study of "Nanoelectromagnetics", a recently born fascinating research discipline, whose popularity is fast arising with the intensive penetration of nanotechnology in the world of electronics applications. Studying nanoelectromagnetics means describing the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and quantum mechanical low-dimensional systems: this requires a full interdisciplinary approach, the reason why this book hosts contributions from the fields of fundamental and applied electromagnetics, of chemistry and technology of nanostructures and nanocomposites, of physics of nano-structures systems, etc. The book is aimed at providing the reader with the state of the art in Nanoelectromagnetics, from theoretical modelling to experimental characterization, from design to synthesis, from DC to microwave and terahertz applications, from the study of fundamental material properties to the analysis of complex systems and devices, from commercial thin-film coatings to metamaterials to circuit components and nanodevices. The book is intended as a reference in advanced courses for graduate students and as a guide for researchers and industrial professionals involved in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics applications.
Fundamental and Applied Nano-Electromagnetics II: THz Circuits, Materials, Devices (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics)
by Antonio Maffucci Sergey A. MaksimenkoThe increasing prevalence of nanotechnologies has led to the birth of “nanoelectromagnetics,” a novel applied science related to the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with quantum mechanical low-dimensional systems. This book provides an overview of the latest advances in nanoelectromagnetics, and presents contributions from an interdisciplinary community of scientists and technologists involved in this research topic. The aspects covered here range from the synthesis of nanostructures and nanocomposites to their characterization, and from the design of devices and systems to their fabrication. The book also focuses on the novel frontier of terahertz technology, which has been expanded by the impressive strides made in nanotechnology, and presents a comprehensive overview of the: - synthesis of various nanostructured materials; - study of their electrical and optical properties; - use of nano-sized elements and nanostructures as building blocks for devices; - design and fabrication of nanotechnology devices operating in the THz, IR and optical range. The book introduces the reader to materials like nanocomposites, graphene nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, metal nanotubes, and silicon nanostructures; to devices like photonic crystals, microcavities, antennas, and interconnects; and to applications like sensing and imaging, with a special emphasis on the THz frequency range.
Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East: Agricultural Cyber-Physical Systems, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #706)
by Khasanov Sayidjakhon Zokirjon ugli Aleksei Muratov Svetlana IgnatevaThe book presents a collection of scientific research in the field of agriculture cyber-physical systems (ACPSs). The methods and tools for agricultural systems design, estimation and monitoring are proposed in this book. The book presents technical developments in the robotics and IoT sector, new solutions with drones, sensors and smart agriculture machines, solutions to digitize the farmer's life by delivering holistic management platforms and monitoring systems, as well as studies devoted to the field mapping. Research on creating a digital twin of the supply chain to predict the near-future state of the supply chain are also presented in this book. The book contains proceedings of the conference "Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East" (AFE-2022, Tashkent, Uzbekistan). The book allows optimizing agricultural production, maximizes their yield and minimizes losses with efficient use of resources and decreases skilled labor.
Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East: Agricultural Cyber-Physical Systems, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #733)
by Khasanov Sayidjakhon Zokirjon ugli Aleksei Muratov Svetlana IgnatevaThe scope of this book is cyber-physical systems used for the sustainable development and productivity of the agricultural sector. The book contains proceedings of the conference “Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East” (AFE-2022, Tashkent, Uzbekistan). The results of research in the following areas are presented here: software-as-a-service solutions for orchard management, ICT components of Smart Agriculture (SA), farm management platforms, yield monitoring and estimation, IoTs in farming, water management, and smart agriculture machines. The book contains information on the latest technologies in precision agriculture, including real-time technology and big data analytics, fertilizer and sprayer controllers, robotics, variable rate irrigation, networks and remote sensing technologies, etc. The research results presented in the book help in making the right decisions about the allocation of resources in agricultural systems.
Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East: Agricultural Innovation Systems, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #354)
by Aleksei Muratov Svetlana IgnatevaThis book uses digital technologies for the sustainable development and productivity of the agricultural sector. The book presents technical developments in the IoT sector, sensors and smart agriculture machines, as well as solutions to digitize the farmer's life by delivering holistic management platforms and monitoring systems. The papers presented in the book are proceedings of the conference “Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021)”, which took place in Ussuriysk, Russia. Innovative developments in the field of precision livestock farming, application of fertilizers of a new generation and production of eco-friendly products are presented here. This book is an indispensable tool for farming in any climatic conditions and any climatic zones, since it shares the experience of sustainable farming in the Far East region, which is very valuable in conditions of a changing climate and stricter requirements of the market. The research results presented in the book will help in making the right decisions about the allocation of resources in agricultural systems. The book will allow increasing awareness about the benefits of precision livestock farming, optimizing agricultural production, helping the farmers maximize their yield and minimize losses with efficient use of resources and decreasing skilled labor in agriculture.
Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East: Agricultural Innovation Systems, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #353)
by Aleksei Muratov Svetlana IgnatevaThis book contains new ideas on farming processes, describes new analytical methods that are applicable to a broad range of agricultural systems, and presents new technologies and solutions, which help agricultural systems to function in the modern conditions of digitalization and a changing climate. The results of scientific research presented within the framework of the conference “Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021)”, which took place in Ussuriysk, Russia are covering the following topics: precision livestock farming, farm management platforms, yield monitoring and estimation, IoTs in farming, water management, smart agriculture machines. These new ideas outlined in the book are future-oriented and are expected to stimulate community debate on determining future directions for advancing agricultural research worldwide. The book is focused on the study of interactions between the components of agricultural systems, between their hierarchical levels, between different types of land use systems, and between agricultural systems and the economic environment. The methods and tools for agricultural systems design, estimation and monitoring are proposed in this book. Studies presented here allow improving the environmental and economic performance of agricultural systems. This book is of particular importance for professionals, scholars, and researchers in the field of agriculture and livestock farming, as well as for the heads and top managers of agricultural enterprises, since materials described in the book will help them in making right decisions.
Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Tribology
by Andreas Rosenkranz Diana Berman Max MarianFundamental and Practical Aspects of Tribology introduces the rudiments of engineering surfaces and teaches the basic phenomena of interacting surfaces in relative motion, major modes of friction and wear, and theories of contact evolution and lubrication. Fundamental topics include friction, wear, and lubrication; surface properties and surface topography; friction of surfaces in contact; wear and surface failures; biotribology; boundary lubrication; fluid properties; hydrodynamic lubrication; bearing selection; and introductory micro‑ and nanotribology. This book also considers the relationship between nano‑ and macrotribology, rolling contacts, tribological problems in magnetic recording and electrical contacts, and monitoring and diagnosis of friction and wear. Offers a comprehensive review of the fundamentals, providing basic information for scientists and engineers just being introduced to the tribology field Teaches tribological methods of measurements and characterization Includes examples of real‑life tribological problems and case studies of engineering problems and solutions Gives an overview of current advancements in the field Features end‑of‑chapter problems and video content for reinforcement of material This textbook is written for students taking courses in tribology and lubrication, as well as surface engineering. It will also appeal to scientists and engineers who are new to tribology.The text also offers sample laboratory demonstrations available to qualifying adopting professors.
Fundamental Aspects and Perspectives of MXenes (Engineering Materials)
by Mohammad Khalid Andrews Nirmala Grace Arunachalam Arulraj Arshid NumanThis book presents the fundamental aspects, recent developments in fabrication and characterization techniques, structure, properties, and emerging applications of MXenes. It shows the advancement in scale-up, challenges, and their futuristic perspectives. An overview of all the latest developments in energy storage and conversion applications, catalysis, environmental remediation, and radiation shielding, etc is reported.
Fundamental Building Technology
by Craig Maybery-Thomas Andrew J. CharlettFundamental Building Technology introduces the technology, methods, and processes fundamental to construction by focussing on what is involved in building a typical low-rise house. Written with the novice in mind, this textbook is the ideal starting point for any construction student, as it fully supports the reader all the way to understanding the functional requirements of each element of the building, and how to take these into account through the building process itself. This second edition is expanded to cover even more relevant topics, and is supported by more resources for use by the student and lecturer. Now included are: An introduction to the planning process and the building regulations How to incorporate a sustainable approach, in the selection of materials and elsewhere A companion site with lecturer's answers manual and illustrated lecture notes 150 labelled diagrams throughout the book, and multiple self-study questions in every chapter A students' section of the companion site with multiple choice quizzes and 250 full-colour photos linked to chapters of the book Concise, focussed and the most student-friendly guide to this topic available, Fundamental Building Technology is the perfect textbook for those taking construction technology modules at undergraduate or HNC/HND level.
Fundamental Computing Forensics for Africa: A Case Study of the Science in Nigeria (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Aamo IorliamThis book presents a general introduction to the computational aspects of forensic science, covering the different tools needed for forensic investigations, the importance of forensics and biometrics, and the use of Benford’s law for biometrics and network traffic analysis. It specifically focuses on the application of these techniques in Africa, and how they can be of benefit in the investigation of crime in Nigeria in particular.
Fundamental Concepts in Heterogeneous Catalysis
by Thomas Bligaard Jens K. Nørskov Felix Studt Frank Abild-PedersenThis book is based on a graduate course and suitable as a primer for any newcomer to the field, this book is a detailed introduction to the experimental and computational methods that are used to study how solid surfaces act as catalysts. Features include: First comprehensive description of modern theory of heterogeneous catalysis Basis for understanding and designing experiments in the field Allows reader to understand catalyst design principles Introduction to important elements of energy transformation technology Test driven at Stanford University over several semesters
Fundamental Concepts of Earthquake Engineering
by Roberto VillaverdeWhile successfully preventing earthquakes may still be beyond the capacity of modern engineering, the ability to mitigate damages with strong structural designs and other mitigation measures are well within the purview of science. Fundamental Concepts of Earthquake Engineering presents the concepts, procedures, and code provisions that are currentl
Fundamental Concepts of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Alessandro de Iaco VerisThis book is intended for students and engineers who design and develop liquid-propellant rocket engines, offering them a guide to the theory and practice alike. It first presents the fundamental concepts (the generation of thrust, the gas flow through the combustion chamber and the nozzle, the liquid propellants used, and the combustion process) and then qualitatively and quantitatively describes the principal components involved (the combustion chamber, nozzle, feed systems, control systems, valves, propellant tanks, and interconnecting elements). The book includes extensive data on existing engines, typical values for design parameters, and worked-out examples of how the concepts discussed can be applied, helping readers integrate them in their own work. Detailed bibliographical references (including books, articles, and items from the “gray literature”) are provided at the end of each chapter, together with information on valuable resources that can be found online. Given its scope, the book will be of particular interest to undergraduate and graduate students of aerospace engineering.
Fundamental Considerations in Technology Mediated Language Assessment
by Karim Sadeghi and Dan DouglasFundamental Considerations in Technology Mediated Language Assessment aims to address issues such as how the forced integration of technology into second language assessment has shaped our understanding of key traditional concepts like validity, reliability, washback, authenticity, ethics, fairness, test security, and more. Although computer assisted language testing has been around for more than two decades in the context of high-stakes proficiency testing, much of language testing worldwide has shifted to 'at home' mode, and relies heavily on the mediation of digital technology, making its widespread application in classroom settings in response to the COVID-19 outbreak as unprecedented. Integration of technology into language assessment has brought with it countless affordances and at the same time challenges, both theoretically and practically. One major theoretical consideration requiring attention is the way technology has contributed to a re-conceptualisation of major assessment concepts/constructs. There is very limited literature available on theoretical underpinnings of technology mediated language assessment. This book aims to fill this gap. This book will appeal to academic specialists, practitioners or professionals in the field of language assessment, advanced and/or graduate students, and a range of scholars or professionals in disciplines like educational technology, applied linguistics and TESOL.
Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories
by Debasish SarkarFundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories Comprehensive up-to-date resource organizing fundamental aspects for the design and performance of steelmaking refractories Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories provides a fundamental understanding in the design of steelmaking refractories, in detail and all in one source, enabling readers to understand various issues including how heat and mass transfer occurs throughout the refractory, how matrix impurity or their contact affects the phases, and how invisible defects form during refractory manufacturing that eventually facilitates to analyze wear, corrosion, and performance of different refractory linings for primary and secondary steelmaking vessels, tundish, and continuous casting refractories. Other specific sample topics covered in Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories include: Phase formations and correlation with impurity effects and refractory processing shortcomings Stress, wear, and corrosion to design refractories and performance statistics of steelmaking refractories Equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases, packing, stress and defects in compaction, and degree of ceramic bonding Thermal and mechanical behavior, flow control mechanisms, continuous casting refractories, and premature refractory damage Precast and purging system, consistent supply and time management, and preventive maintenance in operation With its complete coverage of the subject, Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories fulfills the academic demand of undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars of ceramic engineering; metallurgical engineers and mechanical engineering outlets that want to nurture in the refractory and steel sectors will also find value in the text.
Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles
by C R RobertsonFundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles covers the essential principles that form the foundations for electrical and electronic engineering courses. The coverage of this new edition has been carefully brought in line with the core unit 'Electrical and Electronic Principles' of the 2007 BTEC National Engineering specification from Edexcel. As the book follows a logical topic progression rather than a particular syllabus, it is also suitable for other Level 3 students on vocational courses such as Vocational AS/A Level, City & Guilds courses and NVQs, as well as those taking foundation courses at pre-degree level including HNC/HND.Each chapter starts with learning outcomes tied to the syllabus. All theory is explained in detail and backed up with numerous worked examples. Students can test their understanding with end of chapter assignment questions for which answers are provided. The book also includes suggested practical assignments and handy summaries of equations. In this new edition, the layout has been improved and colour has been added to make the book more accessible for students.The textbook is supported with a free companion website featuring supplementary worked examples and additional chapters.http://books.elsevier.com/companions/9780750687379
Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles
by Jo VerhaevertFundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles covers the essential principles that form the foundations for electrical and electronic engineering courses. This new edition is extensively updated with a greater focus on electronic principles, evenly balanced with electrical principles. Fuller coverage is given to active electronics, with the additional topics of diodes and transistors, and core topics such as oscilloscopes now reflect state-of-the-art technology.Each main chapter starts with learning outcomes tied to the syllabus. All theory is explained in detail and backed up with numerous worked examples and handy summaries of equations. Students can test their understanding with end-of-chapter assignment questions for which answers are provided. The book also provides detailed suggested practical assignments outlining apparatus and methods.The book forms an excellent core work for beginning further education students with some mathematics background preparing for careers as technicians, and an introductory text for first-year undergraduate students in all engineering disciplines.
Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering, 1st Edition
by Yinshun WangSuperconducting technology is potentially important as one of the future smart grid technologies. It is a combination of superconductor materials, electrical engineering, cryogenic insulation, cryogenics and cryostats. There has been no specific book fully describing this branch of science and technology in electrical engineering. However, this book includes these areas, and is essential for those majoring in applied superconductivity in electrical engineering. Recently, superconducting technology has made great progress. Many universities and companies are involved in applied superconductivity with the support of government. Over the next five years, departments of electrical engineering in universities and companies will become more involved in this area. This book: * will enable people to directly carry out research on applied superconductivity in electrical engineering * is more comprehensive and practical when compared to other advances * presents a clear introduction to the application of superconductor in electrical engineering and related fundamental technologies * arms readers with the technological aspects of superconductivity required to produce a machine * covers power supplying technologies in superconducting electric apparatus * is well organized and adaptable for students, lecturers, researchers and engineers * lecture slides suitable for lecturers available on the Wiley Companion Website Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering is ideal for academic researchers, graduates and undergraduate students in electrical engineering. It is also an excellent reference work for superconducting device researchers and engineers.
The Fundamental Equations of Beams and Plates: A Comparative Representation (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Andreas ÖchsnerThis book focuses on beam and plate elements, essential components found across various fields from automotive and aerospace engineering to civil engineering structures. It offers a comparative exploration of the fundamental equations governing thin and thick beams, as well as thin and thick plates, providing readers with a clear understanding of these foundational structural elements. By explaining the three fundamental equations of continuum mechanics—equilibrium, kinematics, and constitution—the text culminates in a unified differential equation framework, offering both beginners and experienced practitioners a fresh perspective on structural member modeling.
Fundamental Fluid Mechanics for the Practicing Engineer (Mechanical Engineering)
by James W. MurdockA step-by-step guide, containing tutorial examples that serve as models for all concepts presented. This text contains properties of nearly 50 fluids, including density and viscosity data for compressed water and superheated steam, and characteristics of areas, pipes and tubing.
Fundamental Food Microbiology
by Bibek Ray Arun BhuniaThe golden era of food microbiology has begun. All three areas of food microbiology-beneficial, spoilage, and pathogenic microbiology-are expanding and progressing at an incredible pace. What was once a simple process of counting colonies has become a sophisticated process of sequencing complete genomes of starter cultures and use of biosensors to
Fundamental Food Microbiology
by Bibek Ray Arun BhuniaFood microbiology has seen enormous growth in the last decade, fueled by the global pandemic of COVID-19 and continual routine outbreaks with traditional foodborne pathogens. In addition, climate change and global warming also affect agriculture and food production, in turn shifting microbial ecology. Such changes will affect pathogen behavior, spoilage, and microbial growth, impacting food safety and quality. Health-conscious consumers are also looking for foods with alternative protein sources from plants and insects, such as fermented, antioxidant, and micronutrient-rich superfoods. All three areas of food microbiology—beneficial, spoilage, and pathogenic microbiology—are expanding and progressing incredibly. What was once a simple process of counting colonies has become a sophisticated process of sequencing complete genomes, gene editing, and biotechnology for starter cultures and probiotics improvement and application of sophisticated analytical tools for microbial analysis.Fundamental Food Microbiology, Sixth Edition captures these developments and broadens coverage of foodborne disease mechanisms, spoilage microbes, and microbial inactivation strategies. Written by experts with approximately sixty years of combined experience, the book provides an in-depth understanding of how to reduce microbial food spoilage, improve intervention technologies, and develop effective control methods for different types of foods.See What’s New in the Sixth Edition Condensed chapter descriptions with illustrations CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing Novel food processing technologies, including plasma and micro/nanobubble technologies Food radiation and hurdle concept chapters are merged and overhauled Comprehensive list of mycotoxins and seafood-related toxins Updates on several new antimicrobial compounds from animal and plant sources Maintaining the high standard set by the previous bestselling editions, and based on feedback from students and professors, this new edition includes even more easy-to-follow figures and illustrations. The chapters are presented logically, connecting the information and allowing students to understand and retain the concepts presented easily. These features make this a comprehensive introductory text for undergraduates and a valuable reference for graduate-level and working professionals in food microbiology, food safety, or food technology.
Fundamental Generation Systems: Computer Science and Artificial Consciousness, the Informational Field of Generation of the Universe, the Sixth Sense of Living Beings
by Alain Cardon Abdelkhalak El HamiThere are many different ways of generating representations. This includes representations generated by living beings while comprehending reality in order to act; representations generated by the Universe during its extensive unfolding, creating physical elements and living beings; and the direct representation of elements through an animal’s sixth sense. To this list we must now add the creation of artificial consciousness, which generates representations that resemble the mental representations of humans. These representations allow robotic systems to communicate directly with each other.Fundamental Generation Systems develops a theory which presents, from the beginning, the function of this sixth sense called the “sense of informational comprehension”. This sense is understood as an ability to use the informational foundations of the Universe via a dedicated cerebral domain found in every animal.
Fundamental Issues in Defense Training and Simulation (Human Factors in Defence)
by George Galanis Robert SottilareDefense forces have always invested a great deal of their resources in training. In recent times, changes in the complexity and intensity of operations have reaffirmed the importance of ensuring that warfighters are adequately prepared for the environments in which they are required to work. The emergence of new operational drivers such as asymmetric threats, urban operations, joint and coalition operations and the widespread use of military communications and information technology networks has highlighted the importance of providing warfighters with the competencies required to act in a coordinated, adaptable fashion, and to make effective decisions in environments characterized by large amounts of sometimes ambiguous information. While investment in new technologies can make available new opportunities for action, it is only through effective training that personnel can be made ready to apply their tools in the most decisive and discriminating fashion. There are many factors which can have an impact on the efficacy of training and many issues to consider when designing and implementing training strategies. These issues are often complex and nuanced, and in order to grasp them fully a significant investment of time and energy is required. However, the requirement to respond quickly to ever-changing technology, a high operational tempo and minimal staffing may preclude many in today's defense forces from seeking out all such resources on their own. This edited collection provides brief, easy-to-understand summaries of the key issues in defense training and simulation, as well as guidance for further reading. It consists of a collection of short essays, each of which addresses a fundamental issue in defense training and simulation, and features an up-to-date reference list to enable the reader to undertake further investigation of the issues addressed. In essence, this book provides the optimum starting point, or first resource, for readers to come to terms with the important issues associated with defense training and simulation. The contributions are written by leading scholars from military research institutions in the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, as well as selected researchers from academic and private sector research institutions.