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High Power Laser-Matter Interaction
by Dieter Bauer Peter MulserThis book intended as a guide for scientists and students who have just discovered the field as a new and attractive area of research, and for scientists who have worked in another field and want to join now the subject of laser plasmas. In the first chapter the plasma dynamics is described phenomenologically by a two fluid model and similarity relations from dimensional analysis. Chapter 2 is devoted to plasma optics and collisional absorption in the dielectric and ballistic model. Linear resonance absorption at the plasma frequency and its mild nonlinearities as well as the self-quenching of high amplitude electron plasma waves by wave breaking are discussed in Chapter 3. With increasing laser intensity the plasma dynamics is dominated by radiation pressure, at resonance producing all kinds of parametric instabilities and out of resonance leading to density steps, self-focusing and filamentation, described in Chapters 4 and 5. A self-contained treatment of field ionization of atoms and related phenomena are found in Chapter 6. The extension of laser interaction to the relativistic electron acceleration as well as the physics of collisionless absorption are the subject of Chapter 7. Throughout the book the main emphasis is on the various basic phenomena and on their underlying physics.
High Power Laser Propulsion (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #116)
by Yuri A. RezunkovThis book gives an in-depth analysis of the physical phenomena of thrust production by laser radiation, as well as laser propulsion engines, and laser-propelled vehicles. It brings together into a unified context accumulated up-to-date information on laser propulsion research, considering propulsion phenomena, laser propulsion techniques, design of vehicles with laser propulsion engines, and high-power laser systems to provide movement for space vehicles. In particular, the reader will find detailed coverage of: designs of laser propulsion engines, operating as both air-breathing and ramjet engines to launch vehicles into LEOs; Assembly of vehicles whereby laser power from a remote laser is collected and directed into a propulsion engine; and, the laser-adaptive systems that control a laser beam to propel vehicles into orbits by delivering laser power through the Earth's atmosphere. This book is essential reading for researchers and professionals involved in laser propulsion.
High Power Medium Voltage DC Grid-Connected Converter for Renewable Energy Generation (CPSS Power Electronics Series)
by Fang Liu Wu Chen Guangfu Ning Defeng XinThe book focuses on the topology and modulation of non-isolated and isolated high-power DC/DC converters. Firstly, two non-isolated soft-switching resonant step-up structures are proposed. Secondly, the auxiliary-and-main-currents-diversion idea is introduced to significantly reduce the switching loss of the converter, based on which a series of isolated ZCS resonant converters is proposed. Thirdly, the transformer magnetic flux density of isolated resonant converter is totally studied and an asymmetric pulse frequency modulation is proposed to avoid the transformer saturation problem. Finally, three different types of ±35kV/500kW DC grid-connected converters are successfully demonstrated in Zhangbei Renewable Energy Base of China.
High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials (IEEE Press Series on RF and Microwave Technology)
by SchamilogluExplore the latest research avenues in the field of high-power microwave sources and metamaterials A stand-alone follow-up to the highly successful High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, the new High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials, demonstrates how metamaterials have impacted the field of high-power microwave sources and the new directions revealed by the latest research. It’s written by a distinguished team of researchers in the area who explore a new paradigm within which to consider the interaction of microwaves with material media. Providing contributions from multiple institutions that discuss theoretical concepts as well as experimental results in slow wave structure design, this edited volume also discusses how traditional periodic structures used since the 1940s and 1950s can have properties that, until recently, were attributed to double negative metamaterial structures. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to high power microwave oscillators and amplifiers, as well as how metamaterials can be introduced as slow wave structures and other components Comprehensive explorations of theoretical concepts in dispersion engineering for slow wave structure design, including multi-transmission line models and particle-in-cell code virtual prototyping models Practical discussions of experimental measurements in dispersion engineering for slow wave structure design In-depth examinations of passive and active components, as well as the temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials is a perfect resource for graduate students and researchers in the areas of nuclear and plasma sciences, microwaves, and antennas.
High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms
by Kenji UchinoAs one of the pioneers of "Piezoelectric Actuators", I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for "piezoelectric actuators and transformers," I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century "sustainable society." High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: • Chapter Essentials – Summary for quick memory recovery • Check Points – Answers are provided in the Appendix • Example Problems – To enhance the reader’s understanding with full, detailed solutions • Chapter Problems – For the final exam or further consideration
High-Precision W-Boson Studies with LHCb: Measurements of the W Boson's Mass and Lepton Flavour Universality, and Trigger Development for the LHCb Upgrade (Springer Theses)
by Ross HunterThis book details a new and ground-breaking contribution to the search for a successor to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics - the largest modern endeavour in the field. In the hope of seeing a discrepancy with the SM's predictions, this work discusses two hitherto unforeseen measurements at the frontier of experimental precision: a measurement of W-boson mass and a test of the fundamental axiom of the W boson's lepton flavour universality (LFU). Both measurements are made by analysing collision data from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and represent the establishment of a new field of high-precision Standard Model tests with LHCb. This book also describes the development of new software tools for the optimisation of the LHCb trigger system, which helps to ensure that LHCb's exciting physics program can continue to prosper into the future. This book is accessible to those with graduate—or master's—level training in experimental particle physics.
High-Pressure Crystallography
by Elena Boldyreva Przemyslaw DeraThis book is devoted to the theme of crystallographic studies at high pressure, with emphasis on the phenomena characteristic to the compressed state of matter, as well as experimental and theoretical techniques, used to study these phenomena. As a thermodynamic parameter, pressure is remarkable in many ways. It spans in the visible universe over sixty orders of magnitude, from the non-equilibrium pressure of hydrogen in intergalactic space, to the kind of pressure encountered within neutron stars. In laboratory, it provides unique possibility to control structure and properties of materials, dramatically alter electronic properties, break existing, or form new chemical bonds. This agenda naturally encompasses elements of physics (properties, structure and transformations), chemistry (reactions, transport), materials science (new materials) and engineering (mechanical properties); in addition it has direct applications and implications for geology (minerals in deep Earth environments), planetary sciences, biology and medicine (deep sea ecosystems, membranes, protein and nucleic acid folding, origins of life, deactivation of viruses and toxins). Beyond its specificity, high-pressure science finds direct or indirect (e.g. economic) applications in several fields of modern technology, such as mechanical engineering, optoelectronics and spintronics, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry and food processing.
High Pressure Fluid Technology for Green Food Processing
by Tiziana Fornari Roumiana P. StatevaThe aim of this book is to present the fundamentals of high pressure technologies from the perspective of mass transfer phenomena and thermodynamic considerations. Novel food applications are exposed and their relation to chemical analysis, extraction, reaction and particle formation processes are outlined. The chapters are written by a diverse group of scientists with expertise in chemistry, food processes, analytical chemistry, chemical engineering and chemical engineering thermodynamics, and biotechnology. The mission of green food engineering is to promote innovative technologies that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous materials (solvents, reagents) in the design and operation of food related processes, with the view to improve food safety and quality. Several efficient, environmentally friendly and benign technologies based on the use of high pressure and green solvents have demonstrated to be sustainable alternatives to traditional processes in the food industry. Although hundreds of new ideas are being published in the open literature, reliable engineering tools to simulate and design those processes are still under development. High Pressure Fluid Technology for Green Food Processing presents in-depth analyses and outlines the ways towards their maturity. Tiziana Fornari, Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Roumiana P. Stateva, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
High Pressure Materials Properties: A Supplement to Landolt-Börnstein IV/22 Series
by Yoshiyuki Kawazoe Takeshi Kanomata Ryunosuke NoteThe subject of this supplement to Landolt-Börnstein IV/22 Series is to present both the numerical and graphical data on the various magnetic properties of materials under pressure. Data for transition metal binary oxides MmOn [M: transition metals, O: oxygen, m, n: 1~15], MXO [M: transition metals, X: F, Cl, Br, O: oxygen] and MM’On [M: transition metals, M’: transition metals or non-transition metal elements, O: oxygen, n=2, 2.5, 3] ternary oxides are presented.As well known, the data-compiling principle in the Landolt-Bӧrrnstein series is to choose the best reliable values from many available experimental data. The present compilation is done according to this principle.
High Pressure Processing of Food
by V. M. Balasubramaniam Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas Huub L.M. LelieveldHigh pressure processing technology has been adopted worldwide at the industrial level to preserve a wide variety of food products without using heat or chemical preservatives. High Pressure Processing: Technology Principles and Applications will review the basic technology principles and process parameters that govern microbial safety and product quality, an essential requirement for industrial application. This book will be of interest to scientists in the food industry, in particular to those involved in the processing of products such as meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables. The book will be equally important to food microbiologists and processing specialists in both the government and food industry. Moreover, it will be a valuable reference for authorities involved in the import and export of high pressure treated food products. Finally, this update on the science and technology of high pressure processing will be helpful to all academic, industrial, local, and state educators in their educational efforts, as well as a great resource for graduate students interested in learning about state-of-the-art technology in food engineering.
High Pressure Processing of Fruit and Vegetable Products (Contemporary Food Engineering)
by Milan Houška Filipa Vinagre Marques da SilvaHigh pressure processing is a fast-growing food processing technology and opens the door to nearly-fresh products that retain their sensorial and nutritional qualities. High Pressure Processing of Fruit and Vegetable Products reviews and summarizes the latest advances in novel high-pressure processing techniques for preserving fruits, fruit juices, and their mixtures. It contains basic information on the relation of high-process treatment parameters with the safety and quality of fruit and vegetable juices/products. The book focuses on product quality parameters, nutritional value, bio-active health components, and microbial safety and stability. <P><P> The main aim of this book is to summarize the advances in the utilization of modern high pressure pasteurization (HPP) treatment to preserve and stabilize fruit and vegetable products. HPP technology is related to the product quality parameters, the content of nutritional and health active components, and the microbial safety and subsequent shelf life. <P><P> One chapter of this book is devoted to industrial equipment available; other chapters deal with examples of commercial fruit and vegetable products. Another chapter of this book is dedicated to packaging, as packaging of food before HPP is mandatory in this technology. The regulatory aspects for high-pressure treated fruit and vegetable products in different regions of the world (Europe, the United States, Asia, and Australia) are also an important topic dealt within one chapter of the book. The effects of HPP technology on the quality of fruit and vegetable products, namely nutrients and stability, health active components, and sensory aspects, are reviewed in a trio of chapters.
High Pressure Surface Science and Engineering (Series in Material Science and Engineering)
by Yury Gogotsi V. DomnichIn many instances of mechanical interaction between two materials, the physicalcontact affects only the outermost surface layer, with little discernible influence on the bulk of the material. The resultant high pressures in these localised regimes can induce surface structural changes such as deformation, phase transformation and amorphization.
High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Materials, Metrology, and Failure Analysis
by Viktor P. AstakhovThis completely updated volume covers tool materials, tolerances, an inspection of drilling tools, requirements of tool drawings with examples, and methodologies and procedures of failure analysis. It introduces a new line of HP drilling tools called VPA designs and brings it into sharp focus signifying its importance in drilling operations.High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Materials, Metrology, and Failure Analysis further develops the concept of the metrology of the drilling tools introduced in the first edition. For the first time, the relevant metrological parameters are clearly defined with tolerance for HPHD with practical examples of step-by-step inspection/measurement using advanced tool measurement microscopes and CNC machines. A pros and cons list as a quick and easy decision-making tool for the choice of measuring equipment for a particular application is offered along with practical examples of drilling tool drawings to help tool designers, cutting tool and manufacturing engineers, and users in their everyday activities in the design and selection of HPDT for a particular application. An unparalleled presentation of metalworking fluids (MWFs, a.k.a. coolants) is given and covers all the start of the business: selection, implementation in HPDT and drilling operation, monitoring, and maintenance. A two-step procedure for successful implementation of near-dry machining (NDM) or minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is presented, and a discussion of the wear of the drilling tool, its proper assessments, and metrics are provided in the evaluation of tool life and quality of machined holes.This practical book should be on the shelves of all industrial engineers, those working in production and manufacturing, process designers, tool material designers, cutting tool designers, and quality specialists. Researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students will also find this book full of very helpful reference information and the source of new ideas and notions in drilling tool development.
High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Design and Geometry
by Viktor P. AstakhovThis completely updated volume covers the design, manufacturing, and inspection of high‑productivity drilling tools (HPDT) and addresses common issues with drilling system components. It discards old notions and beliefs as it introduces scientifically and technically sound concepts and rules with detailed explanations and multiple practical examples.High‑Productivity Drilling Tools: Design and Geometry introduces the development of the concept of high‑productivity (HP) drill design and its manufacturing and application features. This book continues to develop the concept of a drilling system in the new edition and includes new practical examples. It explains how to properly design and manufacture drilling tools for a specific application and includes a detailed explanation of the design features, tool manufacturing and implementation practices, metrology of drilling and drilling tools, and the tool failure analysis. Using the coherency law as the guidelines introduced in the first edition, the new edition shows how to formulate the requirements for the components of the drilling system, pointing out that the drilling tool is the key component to be improved.This practical book should be on the shelves of all industrial engineers, those working in production and manufacturing, process designers, tool material designers, cutting tool designers, and quality specialists. Researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students will also find this book full of very helpful reference information.
High-Quality Steel Rolling: Theory and Practice (ISSN #Vol. 39)
by Vladimir B. GinzburgEmphasizing solutions to the problems of achieving tight tolerances of important geometrical parameters such as thickness, width, cross-sectional profile, and flatness, this reference focuses on the principles and applications of the latest technology for producing high-quality, flat-rolled steel products.;Illustrated with more than 700 drawings, H
High-Rate, High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution Systems (Springer Theses)
by Nurul T. IslamThis book describes a broad research program on quantum communication. Here, a cryptographic key is exchanged by two parties using quantum states of light and the security of the system arises from the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. The author developed new communication protocols using high-dimensional quantum states so that more than one classical bit is transferred by each photon. This approach helps circumvent some of the non-ideal properties of the experimental system, enabling record key rates on metropolitan distance scales. Another important aspect of the work is the encoding of the key on high-dimensional phase-randomized weak coherent states, combined with so-called decoy states to thwart a class of possible attacks on the system. The experiments are backed up by a rigorous security analysis of the system, which accounts for all known device non-idealities. The author goes on to demonstrate a scalable approach for increasing the dimension of the quantum states, and considers attacks on the system that use optimal quantum cloning techniques. This thesis captures the current state-of-the-art of the field of quantum communication in laboratory systems, and demonstrates that phase-randomized weak coherent states have application beyond quantum communication.
High-Ratio Voltage Conversion in CMOS for Efficient Mains-Connected Standby
by Hans Meyvaert Michiel SteyaertThis book describes synergetic innovation opportunities offered by combining the field of power conversion with the field of integrated circuit (IC) design. The authors demonstrate how integrating circuits enables increased operation frequency, which can be exploited in power converters to reduce drastically the size of the discrete passive components. The authors introduce multiple power converter circuits, which are very compact as result of their high level of integration. First, the limits of high-power-density low-voltage monolithic switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion are investigated to enable on-chip power granularization. AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.
High-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing (Signal Processing and Communications #Vol. 24)
by Yingbo Hua Alex B. Gershman Qi ChengHigh-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing describes key methodological and theoretical advances achieved in this domain over the last twenty years, placing emphasis on modern developments and recent research pursuits. Applications-grounded, this sophisticated resource links theoretical background with high-resolution methods used in wireless communications, brain signal analysis, and space-time radar signal processing.Chapter extras include theorem proofs, derivations, and computational shortcuts, as well as open problems, numerical measurement, and performance examples, and simulation resultsSixteen illustrious field leaders invest High-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing with: in-depth reviews of parametric high-resolution estimation and detection techniques; robust array processing solutions for adaptive beam forming and high-resolution direction finding; Parafac techniques for high-resolution array processing and specific areas of application; high-resolution nonparametric methods and implementation tactics for spectral analysis; multidimensional high-resolution data models and discussion of R-D unitary ESPRIT with colored noise; multidimensional high-resolution parameter estimation techniques applicable to channel sounding; estimation procedures for high-resolution space-time radar signal processing using 2-D or 1-D/1-D models; and models and methods for EEG/MEG space-time dipole source estimation and sensory array design.
High Resolution Manufacturing from 2D to 3D/4D Printing: Applications in Engineering and Medicine
by Simone Luigi Marasso Matteo CocuzzaThis book provides a comprehensive presentation of the most frequently used high resolution manufacturing techniques available, as well as the polymeric materials used for each of the techniques. Divided into two parts covering the technologies and materials used and the impact on different research fields and case studies, High Resolution Manufacturing from 2D to 3D/4D Printing: Applications in Engineering and Medicine addresses issues like throughput improvement by volumetric 3D printing and presenting novel applications and case studies. In addition, this book also covers the latest breakthrough developments and innovations to help readers understand the future applications of this technology across various disciplines, including biomedicine, electronics, energy, and photonics.
High Resolution Pressuremeters and Geotechnical Engineering: The Measurement of Small Things (Applied Geotechnics Ser.)
by John Hughes Robert WhittleHigh Resolution Pressuremeters and Geotechnical Engineering focuses on pressuremeters with internal transducers that allow measurement of strength, stiffness and in situ reference stress. It outlines the principles and the basics of the technology, gives guidance on good practice and making reliable analysis, provides case studies, and compares the pressuremeter test with similar ones from other devices to enable engineers to make informed choices. A unique, up-to-date guide to high resolution pressuremeters with internal transducers Contextualises analyses and advice to enable an informed choice of testing processes Presents analyses previously unpublished in book form This practical guide will suit professionals at the consultancy level, pressuremeter practitioners and site investigation companies.
High-resolution Seafloor Survey and Applications
by Ziyin Wu Fanlin Yang Yong TangThis book focuses on the survey technology, post-processing technology, mapping technology and scientific application of the submarine topography and geomorphology in detail. High-resolution submarine geomorphology is a frontier branch of marine geology and marine surveying and mapping, which provides a direct basis to study the seabed surface, to understand the tectonic movement and submarine evolution. In the past two decades, high-resolution submarine geomorphology with high-precision multi-beam echo sounding, side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler as the major techniques, is developing very quickly and is one of the frontiers of international marine science and technology. These high techniques promote the traditional submarine geomorphology to high-resolution and quantitative research. At present, high-resolution submarine geomorphology is widely used in the delimitation of the continental shelf, the international seabed resources survey, marine engineering and marine military applications. In order to facilitate readers to understand how to acquire and apply scientific research based on submarine topographic data, it highlights the combination of theory, technology and scientific application. This book is useful as a reference for professional and technical personnel in related fields and also as a textbook for both graduate and undergraduate students as well.
High Resolution Site Surveys
by Roger ParkinsonHigh Resolution Site Surveys brings together the full range of site surveying techniques for the first time, to provide a unified approach to marine and land-based resolution surveying.Detailed descriptions are given of digital seismic survey methods, hydrographic 'analogue' search and survey tools, non-seismic survey techniques, and positioning sy
High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Data Analysis, and Science (Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
by Cosimo Bambi Jiachen JiangNASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton Observatory have been the pioneering satellites for studying the Universe with X-rays and the cornerstone of X-ray spectroscopy since their launches more than 20 years ago. The onboard gratings provide us a unique opportunity to distinguish individual spectral lines from different atoms thanks to their high energy resolutions. Enormous discoveries have been achieved by these two missions when observing a variety of X-ray-emitting astronomical objects, such as black holes, supernova remnants, clusters of galaxies, and stars. However, the data are limited to fairly bright X-ray sources. The recent JAXA's mission Hitomi opened a new window of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy thanks to its onboard X-ray calorimeter. Although this mission was shortly terminated due to a mishap, Hitomi left behind a few sets of observations awaiting more data mining. The first half of this book introduces the history of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and different generations of X-ray spectrometers. A tutorial guide on how to reduce, analyze, and understand the astronomical data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Hitomi is also included. The second half of the book reviews past results obtained by the high-resolution spectrometers on these missions on multiple topics and discusses possible discoveries by upcoming missions in the next decade.
High Rise and Fall: The Making of the European Real Estate Industry
by Andrea CarpenterHigh Rise and Fall tells the story of how the European commercial property industry transformed from a local, small-scale business to an international, financially sophisticated, multi-billion-euro industry that was ultimately devastated by the 2008 crash. Drawing on her experience as both former Editor of EuroProperty and Director at the European Association for Investors in Non-Listed Real Estate Vehicles (INREV), Andrea Carpenter explains how the mid-1990s saw the arrival of a new style of property investing in the European markets. Seeking high returns, impervious to risk and with a seeming indifference to the buildings at the heart of the deals, US players such as Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers conquered the European property markets with an audacity that both repulsed and intoxicated the locals. Fuelled by improving economic conditions in the early 2000s, European investors were keen to emulate all or parts of the US investors’ philosophy. Armed with a wall of capital, the industry expanded into the far reaches of Europe in search of returns, and piled on new risks that it did not completely understand. In her highly readable style, Carpenter analyses the mistakes made by the industry in the run-up to the crash when billions were wiped off the value of property across the region, and it became clear that in the pursuit of high returns and a place in the wider financial world, the industry had turned its back on the basics – bricks and mortar. This book is aimed at students and younger professionals studying or working in the real estate industry who need to understand the events that shaped the world they are entering into, and the lessons that can be learned from them.
High-Rise Buildings under Multi-Hazard Environment
by Mingfeng HuangThis book discusses performance-based seismic and wind-resistant design for high-rise building structures, with a particular focus on establishing an integrated approach for performance-based wind engineering, which is currently less advanced than seismic engineering. This book also provides a state-of-the-art review of numerous methodologies, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), extreme value analysis, structural optimization, vibration control, pushover analysis, response spectrum analysis, modal parameter identification for the assessment of the wind-resistant and seismic performance of tall buildings in the design stage and actual tall buildings in use. Several new structural optimization methods, including the augmented optimality criteria method, have been developed and employed in the context of performance-based design. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and engineers in the field of civil and structural engineering.