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High Temperature Performance of Polymer Composites
by Yu Bai Thomas KellerThe authors explain the changes in the thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of polymer composites under elevated temperatures and fire conditions. Using microscale physical and chemical concepts they allow researchers to find reliable solutions to their engineering needs on the macroscale. In a unique combination of experimental results and quantitative models, a framework is developed to realistically predict the behavior of a variety of polymer composite materials over a wide range of thermal and mechanical loads. In addition, the authors treat extreme fire scenarios up to more than 1000?C for two hours, presenting heat-protection methods to improve the fire resistance of composite materials and full-scale structural members, and discuss their performance after fire exposure.Thanks to the microscopic approach, the developed models are valid for a variety of polymer composites and structural members, making this work applicable to a wide audience, including materials scientists, polymer chemists, engineering scientists in industry, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, and those working in the industry of civil infrastructure.
High Temperature Physicochemical Properties of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag
by Xuewei Lv Zhiming YanThis book presents the physicochemical properties and structure of high-alumina slag in the ironmaking process. The book consists of seven chapters demonstrating the effect of Al2O3 on the properties and structure of slag. Based on experimental research and practical requirements, a revolutionary technical route for blast furnace smelting of high-alumina iron ore is proposed. The book presents the scientific basis and offers theoretical guidance for the large-scale utilization of high-alumina iron ore in ironmaking process. Therefore, it is of interest for not only academic researchers but also practitioners in this field.
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics: Fundamentals and Applications in Power Equipment
by Jun-Wei Zha Zhi-Min DangHigh Temperature Polymer Dielectrics Overview on how to achieve polymer dielectrics at high temperatures, with emphasis on diverse applications in various electrical insulation fields High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics: Fundamentals and Applications in Power Equipment systematically describes the latest research progress surrounding high-temperature polymer dielectric (HTPD) materials and their applications in electrical insulation fields such as high-temperature energy storage capacitors, motors, packaging, printed circuit board, new energy power equipment, and aerospace electrical equipment. The comprehensive text provides a description of the market demand and theoretical research value of HTPDs in electrical equipment and enables readers to improve the performance and design of existing HTPD materials, and to develop efficient new high temperature polymer dielectric materials in general. Specific sample topics covered in High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics include: Thermal and electrical properties of high-temperature polymers, and the excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, and long service life of polymer dielectrics Why fluorinated polymers are more thermally stable than their corresponding hydrogen-substituted polymers Static Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA), a technique for measuring the functional relationship between the deformation of the materials and the temperature and time under different actions Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a semi-crystalline polymer material with ether bonds and ketone carbonyl groups in molecular chains Providing a complete overview of the state-of-the-art high temperature polymer dielectrics, with a focus on fundamental background and recent advances, High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics is an essential resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, polymer chemists, physicists, and professionals working in the chemical industry as a whole.
High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
by Qingfeng Li David Aili Hans Aage Hjuler Jens Oluf JensenThis book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.
High-Temperature Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Heterocyclic Networks from Nitrile Monomers (Springer Series in Materials Science #334)
by Vladimir A. Bershtein Pavel N. YakushevThis book presents an overview of polymer nanocomposites for use in various high-temperature applications. Specifically, it focuses on the structure and physical properties of nanocomposites based on heterocyclic matrices derived from nitrile monomers such as cyanate esters or phthalonitriles. Due to increasing interest in new heat-resistant, lightweight materials for use in extreme conditions, such as in aeronautics, microelectronics, and various industrial machinery, the high thermal stability of heterocyclic polymer networks, in particular, has attracted much attention from materials researchers and engineers. Featuring a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in research on the structure and physical properties of these promising high-temperature polymer nanocomposites, this book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working throughout the fields of aeronautical and microelectronic engineering. In general, this book is intended for use by researchers of composite materials and specialists engaged in material selection for work in extreme conditions; for students specializing in materials science; for polymer physicists, and for university libraries.
High Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products
by Hilton C. Deeth Michael J. LewisThis book covers many aspects of thermal processing of milk and milk products with particular focus on UHT processing. It commences with an overview of the major thermal processing technologies: thermisation, pasteurisation, extended-shelf-life (ESL), UHT and in-container sterilisation. It discusses the principles of the technologies, the processing and packaging equipment used, processing issues such as temperature-time profiles, heat stability, fouling and cleaning, and the quality and safety aspects of the products produced. It provides a balance of the engineering aspects of the processes and the chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects of the products. The changes that occur in products during processing and storage, and the related defects which can arise, are central to the book. The discussions of these changes will be an aid to industry personnel in identifying the causes of quality defects in these products and devising measures which can be taken to eliminate or minimise the defects.
High Temperature Shock Technology: Ultra-fast Micro-Nano Manufacturing (Nanostructure Science and Technology)
by Yanan ChenThis book introduces high-temperature shock technology (HTS), a new method for ultra-fast synthesis of nanomaterials. HTS cannot only effectively avoid surface oxidation, agglomeration and immiscibility during the preparation of nanomaterials but also eliminate the defects or impurities of carbon-based nanomaterials. The book first presents the unique working devices of HTS. Then, it explains the working principle of its rapid heating and cooling rate at the millisecond level. In addition, the book highlights the latest research achievements of this technology in catalysis, batteries, carbon materials and new material devices, and puts forward the cost-benefit analysis and future development direction. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in materials, chemistry, new energy and other related fields, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
High-Temperature Superconducting Devices for Energy Applications
by Hamed FazlollahtabarThis book presents novel concepts in the development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices and discusses the technologies involved in producing efficient and economically feasible energy technologies around the world. High-Temperature Superconducting Devices for Energy Application covers the application of high-temperature superconductors in clean energy production and allied cooling technologies. In addition, it presents the compatibility of other materials involved in the construction of various devices at cryogenic temperatures. It also summarizes superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) and related grid stabilization. The book addresses the need to lower the losses incurred with efficient power transmission. The aim of this book is to serve the needs of industry professionals, researchers, and doctoral students studying energy technologies. Features Discusses the history of the development of high-temperature superconductors Covers cryogenic cooling technologies adapted for various superconducting devices Presents a detailed design of superconducting generators Highlights the importance of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices in the power grid Focuses on theoretical computations
High-Temperature Superconducting Materials: Preparations, Properties, and Processing
by William E. Hatfield John H. MillerThis book is a collection of proceedings of a symposium organized by the North Carolina Section of the American Chemical Society on the preparations, properties, and processing of high-temperature superconducting materials. The proceedings include papers of new results presented at the symposium.
High-Temperature Superconducting Microwave Circuits and Applications
by Haiwen Liu Baoping Ren Xuehui Guan Pin Wen Tao ZuoHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials are becoming more and more attractive in the context of designing RF/microwave filters because of their lower losses and excellent performance. This book focuses on the superconducting microwave filter and its application in modern communication. It first presents the basic principles, HTS materials and processing and then introduces several types of multi-band HTS bandpass filter (BPF), discussing their properties and analyzing equivalent circuit models and their performances. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers who are interested in wireless communication and RF/microwave design.
High Temperature Superconductivity (Scottish Graduate Ser. #39)
by D P TunstallHigh Temperature Superconductivity provides a broad survey of high temperature superconductivity, discussing the adaptations of experimental and theoretical techniques and methods that take advantage of the revolutionary properties of high temperature superconductors. Distinguished engineers, chemists, and experimental and theoretical physicists introduce their own particular area of the field before going on to explain current theories and techniques. The book is divided into three sections: materials, mechanisms, and devices. Topics covered include synthetic approaches to the growth of new materials; optical, magnetic, and electrical characterization of synthesized materials; strong correlations; the magnon pairing mechanism; and technical background of device performance in new materials. A coherent introduction to high temperature superconductivity, this volume will be invaluable to researchers in condensed matter physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering.
High Temperature Superconductivity
by Shin-Ichi UchidaThis book presents an overview of material-specific factors that influence Tc and give rise to diverse Tc values for copper oxides and iron-based high- Tc superconductors on the basis of more than 25 years of experimental data, to most of which the author has made important contributions. The book then explains why both compounds are distinct from others with similar crystal structure and whether or not one can enhance Tc, which in turn gives a hint on the unresolved pairing mechanism. This is an unprecedented new approach to the problem of high-temperature superconductivity and thus will be inspiring to both specialists and non-specialists interested in this field. Readers will receive in-depth information on the past, present, and future of high-temperature superconductors, along with special, updated information on what the real highest Tc values are and particularly on the possibility of enhancing Tc for each member material, which is important for application. At this time, the highest Tc has not been improved for 20 years, and no new superconductors have been discovered for 5 years. This book will encourage researchers as well as graduate-course students not to give up on the challenges in the future of high- Tc superconductivity.
High-Temperature Superconductors (Synthesis Lectures on Materials and Optics)
by Rainer WescheThis book describes the status of research and development in the field of high-temperature superconductivity reached in the mid of the twenty-twenties. Starting from the milestones in the history of superconductivity, the main characteristics of the superconducting state are presented. Special physical properties of high-temperature superconductors are highlighted. Main classes of superconducting materials are introduced with the focus on high-temperature superconductors (cuprates and iron-based superconductors) and MgB2. Besides the material properties relevant for applications, the deposition of superconductor films and the manufacture of high-temperature superconductor wires are described. An outlook toward the future is included, covering potential applications of high-temperature superconductors in magnet technology and the electric power system.
High Temperature Superconductors, 1st Edition
by Raghu N. Bhattacharya M. Parans ParanthamanThis essential reference provides the most comprehensive presentation of state-of-the-art research being conducting worldwide today in this growing field of research and applications. HTS are currently being supported by numerous governmental and industrial initiatives in the USA and Asia and Europe to overcome energy distribution issues and are now being commercialised for power-delivery devices, such as power transmission lines and cables, motors, and generators. Applications in electric utilities include energy-storing devices to help industries avoid dips in electric power, current limiters, and long transmission lines. The technology is particularly thought out for highly-populated and densed areas. Both editors are leading experts in the field from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This book can be used as a companion teaching tool, and also as as a research and professional reference.
High Temperature Surface Engineering
by J. NichollsOver the last forty years a wide range of surface coatings have been developed to address the surface stability and thermal insulation of materials used in the gas turbine section of aero, industrial and land-based power generation equipment. High Temperature Surface Engineering, the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference in the Series ‘Engineering the Surfaces’, reviews the surfacing technologies appropriate to oxidation, corrosion and thermal protection. Factors which underpin their choice for any given application are discussed in the proceedings. This highlights the importance of developing representative mechanical and physical test methods to elucidate coating degradation modes as an aid to establishing coating systems with improved engineering performance. During the organisation of the conference and in the compiling of this book we have been privileged to work with many of the leading specialists in the field of High Temperature Surface Engineering and it is our hope that this book will be a valuable reference guide for Engineers and Material Scientists.
High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Jianfeng Zhou Henry T. NguyenThis book provides an overview of the innovations in crop phenotyping using emerging technologies, i.e., high-throughput crop phenotyping technology, including its concept, importance, breakthrough and applications in different crops and environments. Emerging technologies in sensing, machine vision and high-performance computing are changing the world beyond our imagination. They are also becoming the most powerful driver of the innovation in agriculture technology, including crop breeding, genetics and management. It includes the state of the art of technologies in high-throughput phenotyping, including advanced sensors, automation systems, ground-based or aerial robotic systems. It also discusses the emerging technologies of big data processing and analytics, such as advanced machine learning and deep learning technologies based on high-performance computing infrastructure. The applications cover different organ levels (root, shoot and seed) of different crops (grains, soybean, maize, potato) at different growth environments (open field and controlled environments). With the contribution of more than 20 world-leading researchers in high-throughput crop phenotyping, the authors hope this book provides readers the needed information to understand the concept, gain the insides and create the innovation of high-throughput phenotyping technology.
High Tide at Gettysburg: The Campaign in Pennsylvania
by Glenn TuckerThe author tries to present how the Gettysburg battle was won and lost, and why the Gettysburg campaign remains such an appealing study to large numbers even after the passing of nearly a century.
High-Vacuum Technology: A Practical Guide, Second Edition
by Marsbed H. HablanianOffering a basic understanding of each important topic in vacuum science and technology, this book concentrates on pumping issues, emphasizes the behavior of vacuum pumps and vacuum systems, and explains the relationships between pumps, instrumentation and high-vacuum system performance. The book delineates the technical and theoretical aspects of the subject without getting in too deep. It leads readers through the subtleties of vacuum technology without using a dissertation on mathematics to get them there. An interesting blend of easy-to-understand technician-level information combined with engineering data and formulae, the book provides a non-analytical introduction to high vacuum technology.
High Velocity Microparticles in Space: Influence Mechanisms and Mitigating Effects of Electromagnetic Irradiation
by Anatoly Belous Vitali Saladukha Siarhei ShvedauThis book describes for readers the protection of electronic hardware in space vehicles from the negative effects of space dust and electromagnetic irradiation. The authors explain the mechanisms of “space dust” (high velocity particles in space), the effects on the on-board electronic hardware of space vehicles, and development of protection methods from these influences on humans, equipment and microcircuits. Coverage includes hard-to-find technical information on the design of special boosters for accelerating microparticles to space velocities, techniques for conducting experiments on Earth, data processing, and practical examples. The authors also discuss fabrication technologies and composition of special, radio absorbent materials for protecting space vehicles from the electromagnetic irradiation.
High Voltage: The Fast Track to Plug In the Auto Industry
by Jim MotavalliA behind-the-scenes look at the robustly competitive race to dominate the market for electric cars, the larger-than-life moguls behind them, and the changes that are transforming the auto industryIn the 1980s, it was unimaginable that the home computer would become as common and easy to use as a toaster. Today, plug-in charging stations and smart grids seem like something still far off in the future. But by 2020, the auto industry will look very different from today's field of troubled auto giants. The combination of technological breakthroughs and charging networks driven by global warming and peak oil makes it clear that revolutionary change in the auto industry is happening right now. In High Voltage, Jim Motavalli captures this period of unprecedented change, documenting the evolution from internal combustion engines to electric power. Driven by the auto world's ambitious and sometimes outlandish personalities, the book chronicles the race to dominate the market, focusing on big players like Tesla and Fisker, as well as a tiny start-up and a battery supplier. Flashing forward to the changes we'll see in the coming years, High Voltage shows a not-so-distant future where we will live on a smart grid, our cars "fueling," that is, charging, while we shop or sleep. The ramifications of these changes will be on a grander scale than most of us ever imagined—altering foreign policy, reducing trade deficits, and perhaps even ending global warming.
High Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering (IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems #69)
by Ravindra Arora Wolfgang MoschHigh Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering A comprehensive graduate-level textbook on high voltage insulation engineering, updated to reflect emerging trends and techniques in the field High Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering presents systematic coverage of the behavior of dielectric materials. This classic textbook opens with clear explanations of fundamental terminology, electric-field classification, and field estimation techniques. Subsequent chapters describe the field dependent performance of gaseous, vacuum, liquid, and solid dielectrics under different classified field conditions, and illustrate the monitoring of electrical insulation conditions by both single and continuous online methods. Throughout the text, numerous tables, figures, diagrams, and images are provided to strengthen understanding of all material. Fully revised to incorporate the most current technological application techniques, the second edition offers an entirely new section on condition monitoring of electrical insulation. Updated chapters discuss recent developments in gas-filled power apparatus, present-day trends in the use replacement of liquid insulating materials, the latest applications of new solid dielectrics in high voltage engineering, vacuum technology and liquid insulating materials, and more. This edition features a brand-new case study exploring the estimation of clearance requirements for 25 kV electric traction. Readers will also find the new edition: Provides new coverage of advances in the field, such as the application of polymer insulators and the use of SF6 gas and its mixtures in gas-insulated systems/substations (GIS) Uses a novel approach that explores the field dependent behavior of dielectrics Explains the “weakly nonuniform field,” a unique concept introduced both conceptually and analytically in Germany A separate chapter provides the new approach to the mechanism of lightning phenomenon, which also includes the phenomenon of “Ball Lightning” The dielectric properties of vacuum and the development in the application of vacuum technology in power circuit breakers is covered in an exclusive chapter In-depth coverage of the performance of the sulphur-hexafluoride gas and its mixtures applicable to the design of Gas Insulated Systems including dry power transformers High Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering, Second Edition, remains the perfect textbook for graduate students, teachers, academic researchers, and utility and power industry engineers and scientists involved in the field.</p.
High Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering, 1st Edition
by Ravindra Arora Wolfgang MoschThe book is written for students as well as for teachers and researchers in the field of High Voltage and Insulation Engineering. It is based on the advance level courses conducted at TU Dresden, Germany and Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The book has a novel approach describing the fundamental concept of field dependent behavior of dielectrics subjected to high voltage. There is no other book in the field of high voltage engineering following this new approach in describing the behavior of dielectrics.The contents begin with the description of fundamental terminology in the subject of high voltage engineering. It is followed by the classification of electric fields and the techniques of field estimation. Performance of gaseous, liquid and solid dielectrics under different field conditions is described in the subsequent chapters. Separate chapters on vacuum as insulation and the lightning phenomenon are included.
High Voltage Digital Power Line Carrier Channels
by Anton G. Merkulov Yuri P. Shkarin Sergey E. Romanov Vasiliy A. Kharlamov Yuri V. NazarovThis book covers planning and maintenance of digital power line carrier (DPLC) channels along high voltage 35-750 kV alternate current power lines, providing readers with an introduction to the relevant industry standards, structure, and construction of DPLC equipment. Coverage includes DPLC equipment use in digital transmitting systems, including digital modulation and coding, channel equalization, and echo cancelling; DPLC multiplexing systems and network elements; different characteristics of high voltage power lines as media for high frequency PLC signals transmission; and planning of DPLC channels. Practicing engineers and researchers involved in the development, design, and application of high voltage power line carrier channels, as well as students studying communications and electric power grids, will find this book to be a valuable reference guide.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids
by Dragan JovcicPresents the latest developments in switchgear and DC/DC converters for DC grids, and includes substantially expanded material on MMC HVDC This newly updated edition covers all HVDC transmission technologies including Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC, and the latest VSC HVDC based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), as well as the principles of building DC transmission grids. Featuring new material throughout, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition offers several new chapters/sections including one on the newest MMC converters. It also provides extended coverage of switchgear, DC grid protection and DC/DC converters following the latest developments on the market and in research projects. All three HVDC technologies are studied in a wide range of topics, including: the basic converter operating principles; calculation of losses; system modelling, including dynamic modelling; system control; HVDC protection, including AC and DC fault studies; and integration with AC systems and fundamental frequency analysis. The text includes: A chapter dedicated to hybrid and mechanical DC circuit breakers Half bridge and full bridge MMC: modelling, control, start-up and fault management A chapter dedicated to unbalanced operation and control of MMC HVDC The advancement of protection methods for DC grids Wideband and high-order modeling of DC cables Novel treatment of topics not found in similar books, including SimPowerSystems models and examples for all HVDC topologies hosted by the 1st edition companion site. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition serves as an ideal textbook for a graduate-level course or a professional development course.
High-Voltage Engineering: Theory and Practice, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Mazen Abdel-Salam"Bridges the gap between laboratory research and practical applications in industry and power utilities-clearly organized into three distinct sections that cover basic theories and concepts, execution of principles, and innovative new techniques. Includes new chapters detailing industrial uses and isues of hazard and safety, and review excercises to accompany each chpter."