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Governing Soil Conservation: Thirty Years of the New Decentralization (RFF Agriculture and Fisheries Set)
by Robert J. MorganThis study reviews and evaluates the political and administrative aspects of the nationwide soil conservation effort in the United States. Originally published in 1966
Governing Sustainable Energies in China
by Geoffrey Chun-fung ChenThis book examines sustainable energy development in China, a non-liberal state, as a counterexample to conventional wisdom that effective policy outcomes are premised on the basis of decentralized governance. The use of sustainable energies as part of the solution for stabilising global warming has been promoted in industrialised countries for the past three decades. In the last ten years, China has expanded its renewable energy capacity with unprecedented speed and breadth. This phenomenon seems to contradict the principle of orthodox environmental governance, in which stakeholder participation is deemed a necessary condition for effective policy outcomes. Based upon policy documents, news report and interviews with 32 policy makers, business leaders, and NGO practitioners in selected subnational governments, this book examines the politics of sustainable energy in China. It engages debates over the relationships among democratic prioritisation, environmental protection, and economic empowerment, arguing that China's quasi-corporatist model in the sustainable energy field challenges Western scholars' dominant assumptions about ecopolitics.
Governing Sustainable Seafood (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Simon R. Bush Peter OosterveerTaking a social science approach, this book explores the governance of sustainable seafood, which is fundamental to food and nutrition security as well as being an important source of income and employment in many regions. Due to the importance of protein and other fishery and aquaculture by-products, many wild fisheries are coming under pressure, and this increasing demand has created a strong driver to expand aquaculture. As a result, the social and environmental sustainability of these production systems have come into question. The authors of the book explore the governance of sustainable seafood, taking into account the rise of social movements through environmental non-governmental organisations, the nature and perceived limits of government regulation within and beyond the state, and the promise of market-based approaches to governance such as ecolabelling. The book focuses on how concern over sustainable seafood has been translated into different current forms of governance. It then assesses what alternative governance approaches are starting to emerge that combine movements, states and markets for sustainable seafood production and consumption, and their effects. The book concludes with a vision for the future through key principles for evaluating the collective impact of governing sustainable seafood. This timely volume will be key reading for researchers interested in fisheries and aquaculture governance, as well as coastal and marine policies and sustainable food movements more broadly. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policymakers engaged in creating fishery policies and sustainable fishery development.
Governing the Air: The Dynamics of Science, Policy, and Citizen Interaction (Politics, Science, and the Environment)
by Rolf Lidskog Goran SundqvistExperts offer theoretical and empirical analyses that view the regulation of transboundary air pollution as a dynamic process.Governing the Air looks at the regulation of air pollution not as a static procedure of enactment and agreement but as a dynamic process that reflects the shifting interrelationships of science, policy, and citizens. Taking transboundary air pollution in Europe as its empirical focus, the book not only assesses the particular regulation strategies that have evolved to govern European air, but also offers theoretical insights into dynamics of social order, political negotiation, and scientific practices. These dynamics are of pivotal concern today, in light of emerging international governance problems related to climate change. The contributors, all prominent social scientists specializing in international environmental governance, review earlier findings, analyze the current situation, and discuss future directions for both empirical and theoretical work.The chapters discuss the institutional dimensions of international efforts to combat air pollution, examining the effectiveness of CLRTAP (Convention for Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) and the political complexity of the European Union; offer a broad overview and detailed case studies of the roles of science, expertise, and learning; and examine the “missing link” in air pollution policies: citizen involvement.Changing political conditions, evolving scientific knowledge, and the need for citizen engagement offer significant challenges for air pollution policy making. By focusing on process rather than product, learning rather than knowledge, and strategies rather than interests, this book gives a nuanced view of how air pollution is made governable.
Governing the Air
by Rolf Lidskog Goran SundqvistGoverning the Air looks at the regulation of air pollution not as a static procedure of enactment and agreement but as a dynamic process that reflects the shifting interrelationships of science, policy, and citizens. Taking transboundary air pollution in Europe as its empirical focus, the book not only assesses the particular regulation strategies that have evolved to govern European air, but also offers theoretical insights into dynamics of social order, political negotiation, and scientific practices. These dynamics are of pivotal concern today, in light of emerging international governance problems related to climate change. The contributors, all prominent social scientists specializing in international environmental governance, review earlier findings, analyze the current situation, and discuss future directions for both empirical and theoretical work. [cut last sentence in first para for catalog] The chapters discuss the institutional dimensions of international efforts to combat air pollution, examining the effectiveness of CLRTAP (Convention for Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) and the political complexity of the European Union; offer a broad overview and detailed case studies of the roles of science, expertise, and learning; and examine the "missing link" in air pollution policies: citizen involvement. Changing political conditions, evolving scientific knowledge, and the need for citizen engagement offer significant challenges for air pollution policy making. By focusing on process rather than product, learning rather than knowledge, and strategies rather than interests, this book gives a nuanced view of how air pollution is made governable.
Governing the Anthropocene: Novel Ecosystems, Transformation and Environmental Policy (Palgrave Studies in Environmental Policy and Regulation)
by Sarah ClementThis book focuses on the present and future challenges of managing ecosystem transformation on a planet where human impacts are pervasive. In this new epoch, the Anthropocene, the already rapid rate of species loss is amplified by climate change and other stress factors, causing transformation of highly-valued landscapes. Many locations are already transforming into novel ecosystems, where new species, interactions, and ecological functions are creating landscapes unlike anything seen before. This has sparked contentious debate not just about science, but about decision-making, responsibility, fairness, and human capacity to intervene. Clement argues that the social and ecological reality of the Anthropocene requires modernised governance and policy to confront these new challenges and achieve ecological objectives. There is a real opportunity to enable society to cope with transformed ecosystems by changing governance, but this is notoriously difficult. Aimed at anyone involved in these conversations, be those researchers, practitioners, decision makers or students, this book brings together diffuse research exploring how to confront institutional change and ecological transformation in different contexts, and provides insight into how to translate governance concepts into productive pathways forward.
Governing the Future: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Dataism (CRC Press Reference Books in Computer Science)
by Henning Glaser Pindar WongWe are living in times of deep and disruptive change. Perhaps the most powerful vector of this change can be described by three related catchphrases: digitalization, artificial intelligence, and dataism. Drawing on considerable expertise from a wide range of scholars and practitioners, this interdisciplinary collection addresses the challenges, impacts, opportunities and regulation of this civilizational transformation from a variety of angles, including technology, philosophy, cultural studies, international law, sociology and economics. This book will be of special interest to scholars, students, analysts, policy planners, and decision-makers in think tanks, international organizations, and state agencies studying and dealing with the development and governance of disruptive technologies.
Governing the Provision of Ecosystem Services
by Roldan Muradian Laura RivalFounded on the core notion that we have reached a turning point in the governance, and thus the conservation, of ecosystems and the environment, this edited volume features more than 20 original chapters, each informed by the paradigm shift in the sector over the last decade. Where once the emphasis was on strategies for conservation, enacted through instruments of control such as planning and 'polluter pays' legislation, more recent developments have shown a shift towards incentive-based arrangements aimed at those responsible for providing the environmental services enabled by such ecosystems. Encouraging shared responsibility for watershed management, developed in Costa Rica, is a prime example, and the various interests involved in its instauration in Java are one of the subjects examined here.
Governing the Tap: Special District Governance and the New Local Politics of Water (American and Comparative Environmental Policy)
by Megan MullinAn analysis of the political consequences of special district governance in drinking water management that offers new insights into the influence of political structures on local policymaking.More than ever, Americans rely on independent special districts to provide public services. The special district—which can be as small as a low-budget mosquito abatement district or as vast as the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—has become the most common form of local governance in the United States. In Governing the Tap, Megan Mullin examines the consequences of specialization and the fragmentation of policymaking authority through the lens of local drinking-water policy. Directly comparing specific conservation, land use, and contracting policies enacted by different forms of local government, Mullin investigates the capacity of special districts to engage in responsive and collaborative decision making that promotes sustainable use of water resources. She concludes that the effect of specialization is conditional on the structure of institutions and the severity of the policy problem, with specialization offering the most benefit on policy problems that are least severe. Mullin presents a political theory of specialized governance that is relevant to any of the variety of functions special districts perform. Governing the Tap offers not only the first study of how the new decentralized politics of water is taking shape in American communities, but also new and important findings about the influence of institutional structures on local policymaking.
Governing Urban Sustainability: Comparing Cities in the USA and Germany
by Lisa PettiboneIn her study of the interactions between tools of urban sustainability governance in key cities, Lisa Pettibone argues that a new factor-sustainability-minded groups-may be critical to building momentum for sustainability. The book presents in-depth case studies of six cities in the USA and Germany: New York, Portland, Seattle, Berlin, Hamburg, and Heidelburg. Drawing on 75 interviews, document analysis, and a bilingual literature review, the book analyzes how sustainability is politically constructed in city strategic plans and sustainability indicators. The volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of sustainability, discusses the key governance instruments relevant to urban sustainability, and delivers new empirical and theoretical material on their role in a sustainability transition. It concludes that despite the national-level differences, cities’ experiences in both countries are similar. Political sustainability at the city level differs in several important ways from academic principles of sustainability. Finally, it proposes that sustainability-minded groups may be a key link to connect urban sustainability in practice to theoretical concepts.
Government Digital: The Quest to Regain Public Trust
by Alex BenayGovernments the world over are consistently outpaced by digital change, and are falling behind. Digital government is a better performing government. It is better at providing services people and businesses need. Receiving benefits, accessing health records, registering companies, applying for licences, voting — all of this can be done online or through digital self-service. Digital technology makes government more efficient, reduces hassle, and lowers costs. But what will it take to make governments digital? Good governance will take nothing short of a metamorphosis of the public sector. With contributions from industry, academic, and government experts — including Hillary Hartley, chief digital officer for Ontario, and Salim Ismail, founder of Singularity University 7#8212; Government Digital lays down a blueprint for this radical change.
Governments And Geographic Information
by I. MasserModern geographic information systems technology has transformed spatial data handling capabilities and made it necessary for governments to rethink their roles with respect to the supply and availability of geographic information.; The nature of the relationship between governments and geographic information is explored in this book from a number
The Governor: Controlling the Power of Steam Machines
by John HannavyPower without control is unusable power, and long after the invention of the steam engine, finding ways of applying that power to tasks where consistency was of paramount importance was the 'Holy Grail' which many steam engineers sought to find. It was the centrifugal governor which brought precision to the application of steam power, and its story can be traced back to 17th century Holland and Christiaan Huygens' development of both the pendulum clock and system controls for windmills, and governors are still at the heart of sophisticated machinery today – albeit electronic rather than mechanical. Without the centrifugal governor, precise control over the increasingly-complex machinery which has been developed over the past two centuries would not have been possible. It was the first device to give the engineman the control they needed. As machine speed increased, the governor had to evolve to keep pace with the demands for greater precision. Over a hundred British patents were applied for in the nineteenth century alone for ‘improvements’ in governor design, many of which could be fitted, or retro-fitted, to engines from every large manufacturer. Some enginemen, on taking up new appointments – their jobs depending on the precision and consistency of their engine’s operation – would even request that the governor be replaced with their preferred model. This book, the first to deal with the subject, tells the story of the evolution of the original ‘spinning-ball’ governor from its first appearance to the point where it became a small device entirely enclosed in a housing to keep it clean, and thus hidden from view.
GPR Remote Sensing in Archaeology
by Dean Goodman Salvatore PiroGPR Remote Sensing in Archaeology provides a complete description of the processes needed to take raw GPR data all the way to the construction of subsurface images. The book provides an introduction to the "theory" of GPR by using a simulator that shows how radar profiles across simple model structures look and provides many examples so that the complexity of radar signatures can be understood. It continues with a review of the necessary radargram signal processes needed along with examples. The most comprehensive methodology to construct subsurface images from either coarsely spaced data using interpolation or from dense data from multi-channel equipment and 3D volume generation is presented, advanced imaging solutions such as overlay analysis are introduced, and numerous worldwide site case histories are shown. The authors present their studies in a way that most technical and non-technical users of the equipment will find essentials for implementing in their own subsurface investigations.
GPS (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
by Paul E. CeruzziA concise history of GPS, from its military origins to its commercial applications and ubiquity in everyday life.GPS is ubiquitous in everyday life. GPS mapping is standard equipment in many new cars and geolocation services are embedded in smart phones. GPS makes Uber and Lyft possible; driverless cars won't be able to drive without it. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Paul Ceruzzi offers a concise history of GPS, explaining how a once-obscure space technology became an invisible piece of our infrastructure, as essential to modern life as electric power or clean water. GPS relays precise time and positioning information from orbiting satellites to receivers on the ground, at sea, and in the air. It operates worldwide, and its basic signals are free, although private companies can commodify the data provided. Ceruzzi recounts the origins of GPS and its predecessor technologies, including early aircraft navigation systems and satellites. He describes the invention of GPS as a space technology in the post-Apollo, pre-Space Shuttle years and its first military and commercial uses. Ceruzzi explains how the convergence of three major technological developments—the microprocessor, the Internet, and cellular telephony—enabled the development and application of GPS technology. Recognizing the importance of satellite positioning systems in a shifting geopolitical landscape—and perhaps doubting U.S. assurances of perpetual GPS availability—other countries are now building or have already developed their own systems, and Ceruzzi reports on these efforts in the European Union, Russia, India, China, and Japan.
GPS and GNSS for Land Surveyors, Fifth Edition
by Jan Van SickleBased on the success of the previous four editions, this new fifth edition includes Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the title, which is part of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The book provides an introduction to the concepts needed to understand and use GPS and GNSS. Neither simplistic nor overly technical, the new edition is thoroughly updated with the changes in GPS and GNSS hardware, software, and procedures. It describes why modern GNSS positions can be acquired with more certainty, increased stability, and improved tracking in obstructed areas. The book offers a rare combination of knowledge and skills that every land surveyor needs to master. FEATURES • Written by a well-known land surveyor with extensive knowledge in satellite navigation and the ability to explain difficult concepts to a broad audience • Includes a useful set of self-assessment exercises and explanations at the end of each chapter • Takes a practical approach to the rapid and continuous technological progress in GNSS • Provides the latest information on GNSS and GPS • Minimizes the reliance on mathematical explanations and maximizes the use of illustrations and examples that allow the reader to visualize and grasp the concepts Intended for both novices and professionals in the field, this book explains broad concepts in an accessible way. It provides support to undergraduate students in Civil Engineering, Geomatic Engineering, and those taking introductory GPS and GIS Mapping Courses, as well as professionals in the field, a practical approach to GPS and GNSS technology.
GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou for Mobile Devices
by Ivan G. PetrovskiGet up to speed on all existing GNSS with this practical guide. Covering everything from GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou orbits and signals to multi-GNSS receiver design, AGPS, RTK, and VRS, you will understand the complete global range of mobile positioning systems. Step-by-step algorithms and practical methods provide the tools you need to develop current mobile systems, whilst coverage of cutting edge techniques, such as the instant positioning method, gives you a head-start in unlocking the potential of future mobile positioning. Whether you are an engineer or business manager working in the mobile device industry, a student or researcher, this is your ideal guide to GNSS.
GPS Satellite Surveying
by Alfred Leick Lev Rapoport Dmitry TatarnikovEmploy the latest satellite positioning tech with this extensive guide GPS Satellite Surveying is the classic text on the subject, providing the most comprehensive coverage of global navigation satellite systems applications for surveying. Fully updated and expanded to reflect the field's latest developments, this new edition contains new information on GNSS antennas, Precise Point Positioning, Real-time Relative Positioning, Lattice Reduction, and much more. New contributors offer additional insight that greatly expands the book's reach, providing readers with complete, in-depth coverage of geodetic surveying using satellite technologies. The newest, most cutting-edge tools, technologies, and applications are explored in-depth to help readers stay up to date on best practices and preferred methods, giving them the understanding they need to consistently produce more reliable measurement. Global navigation satellite systems have an array of uses in military, civilian, and commercial applications. In surveying, GNSS receivers are used to position survey markers, buildings, and road construction as accurately as possible with less room for human error. GPS Satellite Surveying provides complete guidance toward the practical aspects of the field, helping readers to: Get up to speed on the latest GPS/GNSS developments Understand how satellite technology is applied to surveying Examine in-depth information on adjustments and geodesy Learn the fundamentals of positioning, lattice adjustment, antennas, and more The surveying field has seen quite an evolution of technology in the decade since the last edition's publication. This new edition covers it all, bringing the reader deep inside the latest tools and techniques being used on the job. Surveyors, engineers, geologists, and anyone looking to employ satellite positioning will find GPS Satellite Surveying to be of significant assistance.
GPS Tracking with Java EE Components: Challenges of Connected Cars
by Kristof BeiglböckGPS Tracking with Java EE Components: Challenges of Connected Cars highlights how the self-driving car is actually changing the automotive industry, from programing embedded software to hosting services and data crunching, in real time, with really big data. <P><P>The book analyzes how the challenges of the Self Driving Car (SDC) exceed the limits of a classical GPS Tracking System (GTS.) It provides a guidebook on setting up a tracking system by customizing its components. It also provides an overview of the prototyping and modeling process, and how the reader can modify this process for his or her own software. <P><P>Every component is introduced in detail and includes a number of design decisions for development. The book introduces Java EE (JEE) Modules, and shows how they can be combined to a customizable GTS, and used as seed components to enrich existing systems with live tracking. <P><P>The book also explores how to merge tracking and mapping to guide SDCs, and focuses on client server programming to provide useful information. It also discusses the challenges involved with the live coordination of moving cars. <P><P>This book is designed to aid GTS developers and engineers in the automotive industry. It can also help Java Developers, not only interested in GPS Tracking, but in modern software design from many individual modules. Source code and sample applications will be available on the book's website.
GPU Solutions to Multi-scale Problems in Science and Engineering
by David A. Yuen Lennart Johnsson Long Wang Wei Ge Xuebin Chi Yaolin ShiThis book covers the new topic of GPU computing with many applications involved, taken from diverse fields such as networking, seismology, fluid mechanics, nano-materials, data-mining , earthquakes ,mantle convection, visualization. It will show the public why GPU computing is important and easy to use. It will offer a reason why GPU computing is useful and how to implement codes in an everyday situation.
Grace Builds an Almost-Perfect Dog
by null Curtis ManleyA girl builds and programs a robot dog in this heartwarming STEM-based picture book perfect for fans of THE MOST MAGNIFICENT THING.Grace can’t have a real dog, so she takes matters into her own hands. She builds a robot dog named Kit!Grace codes him to behave like the perfect dog. Kit follows her instructions perfectly.He rolls over perfectly, every time.He plays fetch perfectly, every single time.But Grace soon discovers that maybe following the rules perfectly doesn’t make the perfect pet . . .Great for aspiring builders and coders, GRACE BUILDS AN ALMOST-PERFECT DOG is a tender tale about the power of friendship and determination.A Junior Library Guild Selection
Graded Elastic Metamaterials for Energy Harvesting (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Jacopo Maria De PontiThis book presents a complete framework for energy harvesting technologies based on graded elastic metamaterials. First, it provides a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research on metamaterials for energy harvesting and then explores the theoretical wave mechanics framework, going from inhomogeneous media to graded elastic metamaterials. The framework can be used to thoroughly analyse wave propagation phenomena in beams, plates, and half-spaces and to investigate the effect of local resonance on creating bandgaps or wave mode conversions. All these concepts converge together with piezoelectric materials in the study and design of piezo-augmented arrays of resonators. The energy harvesting performances of the graded metamaterials are then compared to conventional solutions, in order to quantify their advantages for applications.
Gradient Microstructure in Laser Shock Peened Materials: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer Series in Materials Science #314)
by Liucheng Zhou Weifeng HeThis book introduces the fundamentals and principles of laser shock peening (LSP) for aeronautical materials. It focuses on the innovation in both theory and method related to LSP-induced gradient structures in titanium alloys and Ni-based alloys which have been commonly used in aircraft industries. The main contents of the book include: the characteristics of laser shock wave, the formation mechanism of gradient structures and the strengthening-toughing mechanism by gradient structures. The research has accumulated a large amount of experimental data, which has proven the significant effectiveness of LSP on the improvement of the fatigue performance of metal parts, and related findings have been successfully applied in aerospace field. This book could be used by the researchers who work in the field of LSP, mechanical strength, machine manufacturing and surface engineering, as well as who major in laser shock wave and materials science.
Gradually-varied Flow Profiles in Open Channels
by Chyan-Deng JanGradually-varied flow (GVF) is a steady non-uniform flow in an open channel with gradual changes in its water surface elevation. The evaluation of GVF profiles under a specific flow discharge is very important in hydraulic engineering. This book proposes a novel approach to analytically solve the GVF profiles by using the direct integration and Gaussian hypergeometric function. Both normal-depth- and critical-depth-based dimensionless GVF profiles are presented. The novel approach has laid the foundation to compute at one sweep the GVF profiles in a series of sustaining and adverse channels, which may have horizontal slopes sandwiched in between them.
Graduate Programs in Engineering & Applied Sciences 2011
by Peterson'S PublicationsPeterson's Graduate Programs in Engineering & Applied Sciences contains a wealth of information on colleges and universities that offer graduate degrees in the fields of Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering; Agricultural Engineering & Bioengineering; Architectural Engineering, Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology; Chemical Engineering; Civil & Environmental Engineering; Computer Science & Information Technology; Electrical & Computer Engineering; Energy & Power engineering; Engineering Design; Engineering Physics; Geological, Mineral/Mining, and Petroleum Engineering; Industrial Engineering; Management of Engineering & Technology; Materials Sciences & Engineering; Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics; Ocean Engineering; Paper & Textile Engineering; and Telecommunications. <P><P> Up-to-date data, collected through Peterson's Annual Survey of Graduate and Professional Institutions, provides valuable information on degree offerings, professional accreditation, jointly offered degrees, part-time and evening/weekend programs, post-baccalaureate distance degrees, faculty, students, degree requirements, entrance requirements, expenses, financial support, faculty research, and unit head and application contact information. <P> As an added bonus, readers will find a helpful "See Close-Up" link to in-depth program descriptions written by some of these institutions. These Close-Ups offer detailed information about the specific program or department, faculty members and their research, and links to the program Web site.<P> In addition, there are valuable articles on financial assistance and support at the graduate level and the graduate admissions process, with special advice for international and minority students. Another article discusses important facts about accreditation and provides a current list of accrediting agencies.