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Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Environmental Health: Exploring the Situation of the Lower Gangetic Delta
by Abhijit MitraThis book examines the impacts that the COVID-19 lockdown has had on environmental and ecological health, with a focus on coastal ecosystems in the Lower Gangetic Delta. The book begins with an overview of COVID-19's spread and impact before and after the lockdown in the focus region, then addresses the specific impacts that the lockdown period had and continues to have on air quality, marine and estuarine water quality, coastal biodiversity, and the livelihoods of the region's inhabitants, especially those who live below the poverty line. The decrease in human activity combined with the complete closure of various sectors, including air travel, oil and gas drilling, and construction, has had a pronounced effect on biodiversity and overall environmental health that is yet to be fully realized. The book sheds light on these changes and assesses how biodiversity, ambient air quality, and ecosystem functioning will progress as COVID-19 remains a threat and the lockdown persists. The study will be of interest to researchers, government officials and professionals dealing with disaster management, environmental science, biological science, and health.
Impact of COVID-19 Waste on Environmental Pollution and Its Sustainable Management: COVID-19 Waste and Its Management (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Alok Prasad Das Sunanda MishraThis book focuses on challenges that have arisen because of trash discharges and their potential causes and provides long-term sustainable solutions. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused immense devastation, leading to numerous fatalities as well as substantial economic losses and health issues. With the rise in COVID-19 cases, the amount of biomedical waste has multiplied, exposing more people to the epidemic. For developing countries, waste management is already a problem, and the waste generated during this pandemic situation has made things worse. If improper waste management techniques are not changed, the world will face a new crisis that could be referred to as a "garbage crisis." The increased quantity of COVID-19-associated waste (CAW) and their presence in the environment make them more vulnerable, potentially increasing the danger of food chain contamination. A few countries have already started putting emergency plans in place to address the “waste crisis.” Given the paucity of information on the mutational features and potential hosts of this newly discovered COVID-19, there is a pressing need for an effective plan to protect India's ecosystem against further contamination. To handle the current crisis and prevent the anticipated waste disaster, it is imperative to construct a more effective, automated, computerized, and well-modified waste management system during the COVID-19 period.
Impact of Design Research on Industrial Practice
by Amaresh Chakrabarti Udo LindemannShowcasing exemplars of how various aspects of design research were successfully transitioned into and influenced, design practice, this book features chapters written by eminent international researchers and practitioners from industry on the Impact of Design Research on Industrial Practice. Chapters written by internationally acclaimed researchers of design analyse the findings (guidelines, methods and tools), technologies/products and educational approaches that have been transferred as tools, technologies and people to transform industrial practice of engineering design, whilst the chapters that are written by industrial practitioners describe their experience of how various tools, technologies and training impacted design practice. The main benefit of this book, for educators, researchers and practitioners in (engineering) design, will be access to a comprehensive coverage of case studies of successful transfer of outcomes of design research into practice; as well as guidelines and platforms for successful transfer of research into practice.
The Impact of Digitalization in the Workplace: An Educational View (Professional and Practice-based Learning #21)
by Christian HarteisThis edited volume brings together researchers from various disciplines (i.e. education, psychology, sociology, economy, information technology, engineering) discussing elementary changes at workplaces occurring through digitalization, and reflecting on educational challenges for individuals, organizations, and society. The latest developments in information and communication technology seem to open new potential, and the crucial question arises which kind of work can be replaced by technology? The contributors to this volume are scholars who have been conducting research on the influence of technological change on work and individuals for a long time. The book addresses researchers as well as practitioners in the field of adult education and human resource development.
The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health
by Kitty Verhoeckx Paul Cotter Iván López-Expósito Charlotte Kleiveland Tor Lea Alan Mackie Teresa Requena Dominika Swiatecka Harry Wichers"Infogest" (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists. . . ). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the 'food and health' arena.
Impact of Food Processing on Anthocyanins
by Xiaonan SuiThis thesis studies the impact of food processing on the stability and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins in aqueous and real food systems. It investigates the effects of temperature and pH on the stability and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins in aqueous systems and in real semi-solid and solid food systems including bread and biscuits. The results of this thesis offer food manufacturers valuable guidelines on the production of functional foods containing anthocyanins, helping to reduce anthocyanins loss and achieve a desired amount of anthocyanins in foods with extra health benefits.
The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesSince genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies.
Impact of Government Expenditure on Growth: The Case of Azerbaijan
by Junko Koeda Vitali KramarenkoA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health: Hazard, Health Effects, Equity, And Communications Issues
by Barry L. JohnsonThe author of Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health is a public health official with the unique perspective that only insider status can provide. His book is intended for policy makers, environmentalists, toxicologists, public health officials, academic personnel, and health care providers. The author addresses six themes: hazardous waste issues must be more vigorously examined, site remediation is critical, risk management must extend beyond waste site clean up, disease prevention must be a priority, interagency partnership is mandatory, and the best technology must be applied. Johnson also considers the pros and cons of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) also known as the "Superfund." His years of experience with this law, and countless other issues related to hazardous waste, make Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health an important and positive contribution.
The Impact of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Policy on Biomedical Research in the United States
by Committee on the Impact of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Policy on Biomedical Research in the United StatesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
The Impact of Melting Ice on the Ecosystems in Greenland Sea
by Bo QuArctic marine ecosystems are largely impacted by changes associated with global warming. The sea ice in Greenland Sea plays an important role in regional and global climate system. The book investigate the relationships between phytoplankton biomass, measured using remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (CHL), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and sea-ice cover (ICE) in the Greenland Sea (20°W-10°E, 65-85°N) over the period 2003-2012. First hand Satellite data was used to do correlation analysis. Enhanced statistics methods, such as lag regression method and cointegration analysis method are used for correlation and regression analysis between 2 variables (up to 3 variables). ARMA model was used to prediction time series in the future 3 years. The book not only gives outline of ecosystem in Greenland Sea, how the ice impact to the local ecosystems, but also provides valuable statistical methods on analysis correlations and predicting the future ecosystems.
The Impact of Mining on the Landscape
by Renata DuliasThis book investigates the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), one of the oldest and largest mining areas not only in Poland but also in Europe. Using uniform research methods for the whole study area, it also provides a summary of the landscape transformations. Intensive extraction of hard coal, zinc and lead ores, stowing sands and rock resources have caused such extensive transformations of landscape that it can be considered a model anthropogenic relief. The book has three main focuses: 1) Identifying anthropogenic forms of relief related to mining activity and presenting them from a spatial, genetic and age perspective; 2) Determining the changes in the morphometric characteristics of relief and the conditions for matter circulation in open systems (drainage basins) and closed systems (land-locked basins) caused by the extraction of mineral resources; and 3) Estimating the extent of anthropogenic denudation using two different methods based on raw-material output and morphometric analysis. In Poland, no other mining area has undergone such intensive mining activity as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin during the last half century. Its share in the total extraction of mineral resources was as high as 32%. The total extraction of hard coal in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin from the mid-18th century until 2009 was the sixth largest in the world, and the permanent, regional effects of mining anthropopressure on the relief are among the most severe in the world. The anthropogenic denudation rate in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, as well as the Ruhr Coal Basin (Ruhr District) and the Ostrava-Karvina Coal Basin, ranges from several dozen up to several hundred times higher than the rate of natural denudation, irrespective of the calculation method used. It would take the natural denudation processes tens of thousands of years to remove the same amount of material from the substratum as that removed through human mining activity.
The Impact of Mobile Phones on Poverty and Inequality in Developing Countries
by Jeffrey JamesThis book investigates at both the micro- and macroeconomic levels the impact of mobile phones on poverty and inequality in developing countries. To gauge the effects of mobile phones on these aspects, the author refers to the standard concept of technology adoption and also analyses the actual utilization of mobile phones as a means of communication and the degree to which they have supplanted fixed-line phones. Readers will learn why the substitution effect is stronger among poor than rich users and why the benefits of some mobile phone projects are confined to the local or village level, while in other projects the gains can be felt throughout the economy as a whole.
Impact of Nonlinearities on Fiber Optic Communications
by Shiva KumarThis book covers the recent progress in fiber-optic communication systems with a main focus on the impact of fiber nonlinearities on the system performance. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in coherent communication systems mainly because of the advances in digital signal processing techniques. This has led to renewed interest in fiber linear and nonlinear impairments and techniques to mitigate them in electrical domain. In this book, the reader will find all the important topics of fiber optic communication systems in one place with in-depth coverage by the experts of each subtopics. Pioneers from each of the sub-topics have been invited to contribute. Each chapter will have a section on fundamentals, review of literature survey and the recent developments. The reader will benefit from this approach since many of the conference proceedings and journal articles mainly focus on the authors' research work without spending space on preliminaries.
The Impact of Oil-Related Income on the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in Syria
by Maher Hasan Jemma DridiA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Impact of Petroleum Waste on Environmental Pollution and its Sustainable Management Through Circular Economy (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Ipsita Dipamitra Behera Alok Prasad DasThe purpose of this book is to discuss the challenges that have arisen due to petroleum hydrocarbon wastes, their harmful effects to the ecosystem, and limitations as well as improvement of current biological techniques’ use for management of petroleum hydrocarbon wastes. This book focuses on the role of advanced green engineering technologies for sustainable petroleum waste management in building an economic supportable society as a basic need of developing countries. The rapid economic growth achieved in last decade has been paralleled by an increase in global energy consumption resulting generation of massive amount of industrial wastes. Petroleum wastes release through spillages and leakage from underground tanks, steamers, unplugging of oil wells, and abandoned oil refinery sites that cause extensive contamination of surface soils, groundwater, seas, and ocean resulting in ecosystem damage. Apart from these, petroleum industries release a significant amount of hydrocarbon wastes during processing of crude oil. Improper waste management technique of these petroleum wastes may cause a serious effect toward the living beings. The presence of these hazardous wastes in the environment will make vulnerable conditions to the aquatic as well as terrestrial life. Till date, a number of conventional techniques have been implemented to treat these petroleum hazardous wastes, but biological treatment is more efficient among all on basics of economic and environmental point of view. Bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and combinatorial bioaugmentation and biostimulation waste management strategies are implemented to treat these wastes. In addition to these techniques, biocomposting/biopile, land treatment, and bio-slurry methods have also been employed to reduce the endanger effects of petroleum wastes. Integrating waste management through environmental sustainability and economic development is one of the prime milestones in the circular economy. There is an exigent necessity for developing countries to go ahead toward a circular economy for achieving its Sustainable Development Goals.
Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota
by Mohd. Shahnawaz Manisha K. Sangale Avinash B. Ade Zhu DaochenThis contributed volume focuses on the effects of macro, meso, micro, and nanoplastic waste on marine biota. It discusses the threats posed by plastic waste on the flora and fauna in the marine environment. This book will help in understanding different aspects of plastic waste generation, its transportation with different natural and anthropogenic ways, its accumulation at the seacoast, and its impact on marine biota. The book also suggests strategies for saving marine life from threats posed by plastic waste and presents methods to reduce its generation using different strategies. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. It also serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Ecology, Botany, and Environmental Sciences.
The Impact of Science and Technology on the Rights of the Individual
by Nicola LucchiThevolume is devoted to the relevant problems in the legal sphere, created andgenerated by recent advances in science and technology. In particular, itinvestigates a series of cutting-edge contemporary and controversialcase-studies wherescientific and technological issues intersect withindividual legal rights. The book addresses challenging topics at theintersection of communication technologies and biotech innovations such asfreedom of expression, right to health, knowledge production, Internet contentregulation, accessibility and freedom of scientific research.
Impact of Science on African Agriculture and Food Security
by P. Anandajayasekeram M. Rukani S. Babu F. Liebenberg C. L. KeswaniThe need for agricultural research resources in the developing world cannot be underestimated, but the availability of such resources is often poor due to lack of funding and investment. In order for Africa and other such developing countries to achieve productivity in agriculture - vital to food security, poverty reduction and sustainable management of natural resources - investment and policy development needs to be assessed. This book, a joint effort from IFPRI, ILRI and the Kellogg Foundation, explores the importance of impact assessment studies in Africa, and assembles important evidence to pave the way for further, much needed investment in agricultural research all over the developing world.
Impact of Scientific Computing on Science and Society (Computational Methods in Applied Sciences #58)
by Pekka Neittaanmäki Marja-Leena RantalainenThis book analyzes the impact of scientific computing in science and society over the coming decades. It presents advanced methods that can provide new possibilities to solve scientific problems and study important phenomena in society. The chapters cover Scientific computing as the third paradigm of science as well as the impact of scientific computing on natural sciences, environmental science, economics, social science, humanistic science, medicine, and engineering. Moreover, the book investigates scientific computing in high performance computing, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence environment and what it will be like in the 2030s and 2040s.
The Impact of Service Oriented Architecture Adoption on Organizations (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Naghmeh Niknejad Ab Razak Hussin Iraj Sadegh AmiriThis book describes Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the significant factors which affect its adoption, such as governance, strategy, complexity, Return on Investment (ROI), business and IT alignment, culture and communication, costs, and security. The study on which this book is based, involved a quantitative analysis to investigate the influential factors for adopting SOA, paving the way to further research in the field.
Impact of Societal Norms on Safety, Health, and the Environment: Case Studies in Society and Safety Culture
by Lee T. OstromA compelling exploration of how social norms and commercial culture impact the safety of organizational operations In Impact of Societal Norms on Safety, Health, and the Environment: Case Studies in Society and Safety Culture, distinguished engineer Dr. Lee T. Ostrom delivers an authoritative treatment of the cultural, social, and human factors of safety cultures and issues in the workplace. The book offers readers compelling discussions of how those factors impact organizational operations and what contributes to making those impacts beneficial or detrimental. The author provides numerous real-world case studies from North America and Europe that are relevant to a global audience, highlighting the central message of the book: that an organization that views its safety culture as unimportant could be setting itself up for a significant workplace accident. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to social norms that impact how commercial organizations treat issues of safety and workplace health In-depth safety culture case studies from North America and Europe Comprehensive explorations of how peoples&’ perceptions of hazards impact workplace operations and the daily lives of employees Fulsome discussions of the effect of societal attitudes on workplace health and safetyPerfect for industrial and safety managers, safety coordinators, and safety representatives, Impact of Societal Norms on Safety, Health, and the Environment will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial hygienists, ergonomic program coordinators, and HR professionals.
The Impact of Technology on Relationships in Educational Settings
by Barbara A. Spears Angela CostabileAs the linguistic, cognitive and social elements of our lives are transformed by new and emerging technologies, educational settings are also challenged to respond to the issues that have arisen as a consequence. This book focuses on that challenge: using psychological theory as a lens to highlight the positive uses of new technologies in relationships and educational settings, and to advocate technological learning opportunities and social support where the misuse and abuse of ICT occurs. The Impact of Technology on Relationships in Educational Settings sets out to explore the role of ICTs in relationship forming, social networking and social relationships within our schools and has grown out of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST); Action on cyberbullying, involving 28 participating countries, and two non-COST countries, of which Australia is one. This cutting edge international text offers cross-cultural, psychological perspectives on the positive uses of new and emerging technologies to improve social relationships and examples of best practice to prevent virtual bullying. This comes at a time when much of the focus in current writings has been on the more negative aspects which have emerged as new technologies evolved: cyberbullying, cyber-aggression and cybersafety concerns. This text is ideally suited to researchers and practiitioners in the fields of Educational and developmental psychology, as well as those specialising in educational technology and the sociology of education.
The Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on Engineering Education: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2019) – Volume 2 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1135)
by Michael E. Auer Hanno Hortsch Panarit SethakulThis book gathers papers presented at the 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2019), which was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 25 to 27 September 2019. Covering various fields of e-learning and distance learning, course and curriculum development, knowledge management and learning, real-world learning experiences, evaluation and outcomes assessment, computer-aided language learning, vocational education development and technical teacher training, the contributions focus on innovative ways in which higher education can respond to the real-world challenges related to the current transformation in the development of education. Since it was established, in 1998, the ICL conference has been devoted to new approaches in learning with a focus on collaborative learning. Today, it is a forum for sharing trends and research findings as well as presenting practical experiences in learning and engineering pedagogy. The book appeals to policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, school teachers, and other professionals in the learning industry, and further and continuing education.
The Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on Engineering Education: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2019) – Volume 1 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1134)
by Michael E. Auer Hanno Hortsch Panarit SethakulThis book gathers papers presented at the 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2019), which was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 25 to 27 September 2019. Covering various fields of interactive and collaborative learning, new learning models and applications, research in engineering pedagogy and project-based learning, the contributions focus on innovative ways in which higher education can respond to the real-world challenges related to the current transformation in the development of education. Since it was established, in 1998, the ICL conference has been devoted to new approaches in learning with a focus on collaborative learning. Today, it is a forum for sharing trends and research findings as well as presenting practical experiences in learning and engineering pedagogy. The book appeals to policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, school teachers, and other professionals in the learning industry, and further and continuing education.