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Human Error: Cause, Prediction, and Reduction (Applied Psychology Ser.)
by John W. Senders Neville P. MorayThis volume examines the nature of human error -- its causes and origins, its classifications, and the extent to which it is possible to predict and prevent errors and their impact. One of the first texts to deal with this topic in detail, it draws into a single cohesive account contributions from experts in a range of disciplines including psychology, philosophy, and engineering. Offering an insightful discussion of fundamental and necessary questions about the nature and source of human error, the book draws significant conclusions and identifies areas worthy of further exploration. This volume will be of interest to all who are concerned with the impact human error has on both the individual and society.
Human Error: Causes and Control
by George A. Peters Barbara J. PetersHuman error is regularly viewed as an inevitable part of everyday life. In many cases the results of human error are harmless and correctable, but in cases where injury and death can occur, reduction of error is imperative. An integration of useful how-to-do-it information, Human Error: Causes and Control covers theories, methods, and specif
Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation
by Ian Colbeck Mihalis LazaridisThe human body is exposed to pollution on a daily basis via dermal exposure and inhalation. This book reviews the information necessary to address the steps in exposure assessment relevant to air pollution. The aim is to identify available information including data sources and models, and show that an integrated multi-route exposure model can be built, validated and used as part of an air quality management process. Many epidemiological studies have focused on inhalation exposure. Whilst this is appropriate for many substances, failure to consider the importance of exposure and uptake of material deposited on the skin may lead to an over/underestimation of the risk. Hence dermal exposure is also considered. Drinking water contamination by disinfection by-products is also discussed. Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides a comprehensive review of ambient particulate matter and will be of interest to students, researchers and policymakers involved in air quality management, environmental health and related disciplines, as well as environmental consultants and ventilation engineers.
Human Eye Imaging and Modeling
by Jasjit S. Suri U. Rajendra Acharya E.Y.K. Ng Jen Hong TanAdvanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as wel
Human Factor in Nuclear Security: Establishing and Optimizing Security Culture (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Igor KhripunovThis book attempts to look into the genesis of security culture as a concept which emerged with the recognition of the role of the human factor in the context of security. It traces the rapid evolution of security culture into a multi-functional discipline reinforced by supplementary tools such as assessment and enhancement methodologies, reviews practical steps to harmonize nuclear safety and security culture as well as recommends its practical application to address insider threats and their consequences. In addition, it demonstrates how to tailor the generic model of nuclear security culture to meet specific needs of diverse facilities and activities in different countries. Finally, the book discusses several challenges which need to be addressed to make security culture a user-friendly, universal, and sustainable instrument to turn the perception of the human factor as a liability into an asset of nuclear security.
Human Factors
by Gesine Hofinger Kristina Lauche Petra Badke-SchaubIn Branchen wie Luftfahrt, Kernkraft oder Medizin können menschliche Fehler dramatische Konsequenzen haben. Deshalb werden in Risikobranchen Maßnahmen benötigt, die Fehlerquellen minimieren, sicheres Handeln fördern und dabei den "Faktor Mensch" berücksichtigen. Die Psychologie sicheren Handelns wird im 1. Teil des Standardwerks von Wissenschaftlern erläutert, im 2. Teil stellen erfahrene Praktiker und Wissenschaftler aktuelle Herausforderungen einzelner Branchen vor und präsentieren Lösungsansätze. Mit vielen Fallbeispielen und Praxishinweisen.
Human Factors Analysis of 23 Cyberattacks (The Human Element in Smart and Intelligent Systems)
by Abbas MoallemAs cyber threat actors have become more sophisticated, data breaches, phishing attacks, and ransomware are increasing, and the global cybercrime damage in 2021 was $16.4 billion a day. While technical issue analyses are fundamental in understanding how to improve system security, analyzing the roles of human agents is crucial. Human Factors Analysis of 23 Cyberattacks addresses, through examples, the human factors behind cybersecurity attacks.Focusing on human factors in individual attack cases, this book aims to understand the primary behaviors that might result in the success of attacks. Each chapter looks at a series of cases describing the nature of the attack through the reports and reviews of the experts, followed by the role and human factors analysis. It investigates where a human agent's intervention was a factor in starting, discovering, monitoring, or suffering from the attacks. Written in an easy-to-understand way and free from technical jargon, the reader will develop a thorough understanding of why cyberattacks occur and how they can be mitigated by comparison to the practical examples provided.This title will appeal to students and practitioners in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, cybersecurity, computer engineering, industrial engineering, and computer science.
Human Factors Challenges in Emergency Management: Enhancing Individual and Team Performance in Fire and Emergency Services
by Christine OwenThis book provides an overview of state-of-the-art research that has been conducted within Australia, funded by the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre. The chapters source and contextualize their own research practice within the context of the international research literature. Therefore, while the research has occurred within Australia it will be of particular interest to scholars, students and practitioners in a number of other countries, particularly within the United States of America and in Europe. The fire and emergency services is a particularly large industry - in Australia alone it employs 250,000 personnel - yet there is very little by way of published human factors books addressing this sector directly. Emergency events frequently involve problems for which there may be unanticipated consequences and highly interdependent consequential effects. In short, emergency events are not necessarily as containable as may be work in other domains. As Karl Weick once commented, emergency events do not 'play by the rules'. This means that these research chapters tell us something about a potential future world of work that is highly dynamic, interdependent and for which improvisation and critical thinking and problem-solving are necessary pre-requisites. The discussions about individual and team performance will also be pertinent to others working in similar high-reliability, high-consequence domains. The chapters connect into an integrated body of work about individual and group performance and their limitations.
Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics: A Systems Approach
by Stephen J. GuastelloThis textbook comprehensively covers the basic principles and most recent advances regarding visual displays, auditory and tactile displays and controls; psychophysics; cognitive processes; human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence and artificial life; stress and human performance; occupational accidents and prevention; human group dynamics and complex systems; and anthropometry, workspace and environmental design. The systems perspective emphasizes nonlinear dynamics for system performance changes and emergent behaviours of complex person-machine systems.This book- • Surveys principles of conventional and computer-based machine interaction. • Assesses the relative effectiveness of accident analysis and prevention strategies. • Highlights nonlinear dynamics for system performance changes. • Examines artificial intelligence and complex systems. • Investigates sources of cognitive workload and fatigue. The textbook will be a valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in diverse fields including ergonomics, human factors, cognitive science, computer science, operations management, and psychology. The textbook brings together core principles of person-machine interaction, accident analysis and prevention strategies, risk analysis and resilience, artificial intelligence, group dynamics, and nonlinear dynamics for an enhanced understanding of complex person-machine systems.
Human Factors In Air Traffic Control
by V. D. HopkinThis text discusses the skills and abilities that air-traffic controllers need. Its approach is international as air-traffic control practices throughout the world have to be mutually compatible and agreed.
Human Factors In Consumer Products
by Neville StantonThe design of consumer products has a central role in its potential for contributing to a healthier living and working space. However, too often consumers are only aware of the designers' role when bad practice manifestly exacerbates the easy application of basic functionality. This important book places human factors perspective firmly at the centre of good practice in consumer product design, encouraging rigorous human factors evaluation and methodology as an essential component of the design process.The book's central theme is to introduce human factors techniques to consumer product design and the efficacy of the approach is illustrated with several case studies from a diverse variety of products. Products addressed range from scissors to strimers, from pens to power tools, from kettles to cookers, from radio-cassettes to rucksacks, adn from razors to VCRs. Techniques brought to bear on the devices include: checklists, hierarchical task analysis, observations, interviews, error prediction, questionnaires, guidelines, focus groups, simulations and user trials. Key Features: * Foreword by Sean Blair of the Design Council* Valuable resource for professionals, academics and students in both human factors engineering and design* Fosters an approach which integrates the skills of both professions in a successful approach to consumer product design* Includes plenty of examples throughout the book
Human Factors Issues in Combat Identification (Human Factors in Defence)
by Dee H. Andrews Robert P. Herz Mark B. WolfThis edited book presents an array of approaches on how human factors theory and research addresses the challenges associated with combat identification. Special emphasis is placed on reducing human error that leads to fratricide, which is the unintentional death or injury of friendly personnel by friendly weapons during an enemy engagement. Although fratricide has been a concern since humans first engaged in combat operations, it gained prominence during the Persian Gulf War. To reduce fratricide, advances in technological approaches to enhance combat identification (e.g., Blue Force Tracker) should be coupled with the application of human factors principles to reduce human error. The book brings together a diverse group of authors from academic and military researchers to government contractors and commercial developers to provide a single volume with broad appeal. Human Factors Issues in Combat Identification is intended for the larger human factors community within academia, the military and other organizations that work with the military such as government contractors and commercial developers as well as others interested in combat identification issues including military personnel and policy makers.
Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis: Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications
by Daniel P. Jenkins Neville A. Stanton Guy H. Walker Paul M. Salmon Michael Lenné Laura RaffertyThis book provides an overview of, and practical guidance on, the range of human factors (HF) methods that can be used for the purposes of accident analysis and investigation in complex sociotechnical systems. Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis begins with an overview of different accident causation models and an introduction to the concepts of accident analysis and investigation. It then presents a discussion focussing on the importance of, and difficulties associated with, collecting appropriate data for accident analysis purposes. Following this, a range of HF-based accident analysis methods are described, as well as step-by-step guidance on how to apply them. To demonstrate how the different methods are applied, and what the outputs are, the book presents a series of case study applications across a range of safety critical domains. It concludes with a chapter focussing on the data challenges faced when collecting, coding and analysing accident data, along with future directions in the area. Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis is the first book to offer a practical guide for investigators, practitioners and researchers wishing to apply accident analysis methods. It is also unique in presenting a series of novel applications of accident analysis methods, including HF methods not previously used for these purposes (e.g. EAST, critical path analysis), as well as applications of methods in new domains.
Human Factors Methods and Sports Science: A Practical Guide
by Paul Salmon Neville Anthony Stanton Adam Gibbon Daniel Jenkins Guy H. WalkerDuring the course of any sporting event, critical cognitive and physical tasks are performed within a dynamic, complex, collaborative system comprising multiple humans and artifacts, under pressurized, complex, and rapidly changing conditions. Highly skilled, well-trained individuals walk a fine line between task success and failure, with only slig
Human Factors Methods for Design: Making Systems Human-Centered
by Christopher P. NemethThere is no shortage of available human factors information, but until now there was no single guide on how to use this information. Human Factors Methods for Design: Making Systems Human-Centered is an in-depth field guide to solving human factors challenges in the development process. It provides design and human factors professionals, sys
Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design
by Daniel P. Jenkins Neville A. Stanton Guy H. Walker Paul M. Salmon Laura A. Rafferty Chris BaberThis second edition of Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design now presents 107 design and evaluation methods as well as numerous refinements to those that featured in the original. The book has been carefully designed to act as an ergonomics methods manual, aiding both students and practitioners. The eleven sections represent the different categories of ergonomics methods and techniques that can be used in the evaluation and design process. Offering a 'how-to' text on a substantial range of ergonomics methods that can be used in the design and evaluation of products and systems, it is a comprehensive point of reference for all these methods. An overview of the methods is presented in chapter one, with a methods matrix showing which can be used in conjunction. The following chapters detail the methods showing how to apply them in practice. Flowcharts, procedures and examples cover the requirements of a diverse audience and varied applications of the methods. The final chapter, a new addition, illustrates the EAST method, which integrates several well-known methods into a teamwork analysis approach.
Human Factors Models for Aviation Accident Analysis and Prevention
by Thomas G.C. Griffin Mark S. Young Neville A. StantonThe investigation and modelling of aviation accident causation is dominated by linear models. Aviation is, however, a complex system and as such suffers from being artificially manipulated into non-complex models and methods. This book addresses this issue by developing a new approach to investigating aviation accident causation through information networks. These networks centralise communication and the flow of information as key indicators of a system’s health and risk. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this book identifies and expands upon the potential of the information network approach, maintaining firm focus on the overall health of a system. The book’s new model offers many potential developments and some key areas are studied in this research. Through the centralisation of barriers and information nodes the method can be applied to almost any situation. The application of Bayesian mathematics to historical data populations provides scope for studying error migration and barrier manipulation. The book also provides application of these predictions to a flight simulator study for the purposes of validation. Beyond this it also discusses the applicability of the approach to industry. Through working with a legacy airline the methods discussed are used as the basis for a new and prospective safety management system.
Human Factors and Behavioural Safety
by Jeremy StranksAccidents and cases of occupational ill-health are commonly associated with aspects of human behaviour and the potential for human error. Human Factors and Behavioural Safety is not written for psychologists, but instead gives health and safety professionals and students a broad overview of human factors and those aspects of human behaviour which have a direct effect on health and safety performance within organisations.Particular attention is paid to:* the role of the organisation in promoting safe behaviour* the sensory and perceptual processes of people* behavioural factors, such as attitude, motivation and personality* the process of attitude change* theories of personal risk taking and accident * the importance of good communication, change management and stress management
Human Factors and Design
by Yuri SpirochkinThis book describes various manifestations of human factors when interacting with potentially dangerous technical systems: airplanes, launch vehicles and spaceships, nuclear power plants, energy-saturated ground vehicles and infrastructure facilities. The idea of the book arose from the desire to find a common ground between industries that are important for safety. Their similarity lies, in addition to the technological advancement of products and solutions, in equally high safety requirements, in particular taking into account the influence of human factor. Thus, it is of relevance to analyze an impact of human factor in the context of safety. The matter is rather complex: on the one hand humans manage technical systems, on the other hand human errors, negligence or evil intentions can turn the system into a threat with disastrous consequences. However, human interaction with any technical system begins earlier – in the design stage. In this stage, designer, being creator of the system, must ensure a safe operation and take into consideration possible risks, including those caused by human factors itself. The book is interdisciplinary in nature and intended mainly for designers of technical systems, aiming to assist the specialists in understanding the issues of human participation in life cycle of these systems. The examples given are intended to benefit from experiences of not one, but a number of industries.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Toward an Inclusive and Sustainable Future: HFEM 2023 (Springer Series in Design and Innovation #46)
by Yee Guan Ng Dian D. I. Daruis Nor Wahiza Abdul WahatThis book gathers the refereed proceedings of the 5th HFEM Biennial Conference on Human Factors and Ergonomics, organized by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia, held in Langkawi, Malaysia on August 13–18, 2023. Under the theme "Accelerating Human Factors and Ergonomics Toward an Inclusive and Sustainable Future", it highlights the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications on human factors and ergonomics. By combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, health care, management, computer science, human biology, and behavioral science, it offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety, and well-being of individuals. It includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policy makers that contribute to constructing the human factors and ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.
Human Factors and Ergonomics for the Gulf Cooperation Council: Processes, Technologies, and Practices
by Shatha N. SammanHuman Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) is introduced to students, academics, researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and others in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). A holistic approach is taken to emphasize the breadth and depth of HFE by providing both theory and applications in the field. Providing HFE perspectives from expert academics from multidisciplinary and culturally diverse backgrounds, it contains case studies written by industry professionals highlighting their work from Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Features The first HFE book for the GCC region with case studies showcasing the economics of ergonomics Presents easy to read chapters covering principles, methodologies, applications, future trends, and key terms Encompasses both the theory and application of HFE fields discussing processes, technologies, and practices Written for readers with no prior background of HFE
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Consumer Product Design: Methods and Techniques (Handbook of Human Factors in Consumer Product Design)
by Waldemar Karwowski Marcelo M. Soares Neville A. StantonEvery day we interact with thousands of consumer products. We not only expect them to perform their functions safely, reliably, and efficiently, but also to do it so seamlessly that we don't even think about it. However, with the many factors involved in consumer product design, from the application of human factors and ergonomics principles to red
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Consumer Product Design: Uses and Applications
by Waldemar Karwowski Marcelo M. Soares Neville A. StantonEvery day we interact with thousands of consumer products. We not only expect them to perform their functions safely, reliably, and efficiently, but also to do it so seamlessly that we don't even think about it. However, with the many factors involved in consumer product design, from the application of human factors and ergonomics principles to red
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Practice: Improving System Performance and Human Well-Being in the Real World
by Steven Shorrock Claire WilliamsThis edited book concerns the real practice of human factors and ergonomics (HF/E), conveying the perspectives and experiences of practitioners and other stakeholders in a variety of industrial sectors, organisational settings and working contexts. The book blends literature on the nature of practice with diverse and eclectic reflections from experience in a range of contexts, from healthcare to agriculture. It explores what helps and what hinders the achievement of the core goals of HF/E: improved system performance and human wellbeing. The book should be of interest to current HF/E practitioners, future HF/E practitioners, allied practitioners, HF/E advocates and ambassadors, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and clients of HF/E services and products.
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Sport: Applications and Future Directions
by Paul M. Salmon, Scott McLean, Clare Dallat, Neil Mansfield, Colin Solomon and Adam HulmeSport is an integral part of society, playing a key role in human health and well-being, and cultural, political and economic development. As sport is becoming more complex, competitive, diverse, and increasingly reliant on technology, HFE theories, methods, and principles are progressively being applied to help understand and optimize sports systems. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Sport: Applications and Future Directions showcases the latest in sports HFE research and practice. Including contributions from both HFE and sports science researchers, it provides a collection of state-of-the-art studies, reviews and commentaries covering a diverse set of sports and sporting issues. "This book is an excellent resource for all academics and students in general. It provides updated theoretical foundations and applications that conceive a world where everything is connected and embedded in technology that allows us to capture, process and visualise actions and interactions, also at transdisciplinary levels." Professor Jaime Sampaio, Head of the Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal "With the changing nature of work comes an ever-greater focus on leisure. Sport is a major dimension of this crucial form of human activity. Now comes Salmon and his colleagues who have assembled a panoply of world leaders who each provide their own individual perspectives on this intriguing world. Their emphasis on the human factors and ergonomics of these activities brings us new and exciting insights. A great read for the specialist and generalist alike." Professor Peter Hancock, Pegasus Professor, Provost Distinguished Research Professor and Trustee Chair, University of Central Florida, USA. "Finally, the complexity of sports and health is being considered in full. This book challenges contemporary thinking toward the prevention of injuries in sports, and provides tangible solutions to help our field into a new decade." Professor Evert Verhagen, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center