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High Temperature Electronics
by F. Patrick McCluskey Thomas Podlesak Richard GrzybowskiThe development of electronics that can operate at high temperatures has been identified as a critical technology for the next century. Increasingly, engineers will be called upon to design avionics, automotive, and geophysical electronic systems requiring components and packaging reliable to 200 °C and beyond. Until now, however, they have had no single resource on high temperature electronics to assist them.Such a resource is critically needed, since the design and manufacture of electronic components have now made it possible to design electronic systems that will operate reliably above the traditional temperature limit of 125 °C. However, successful system development efforts hinge on a firm understanding of the fundamentals of semiconductor physics and device processing, materials selection, package design, and thermal management, together with a knowledge of the intended application environments.High Temperature Electronics brings together this essential information and presents it for the first time in a unified way. Packaging and device engineers and technologists will find this book required reading for its coverage of the techniques and tradeoffs involved in materials selection, design, and thermal management and for its presentation of best design practices using actual fielded systems as examples. In addition, professors and students will find this book suitable for graduate-level courses because of its detailed level of explanation and its coverage of fundamental scientific concepts.Experts from the field of high temperature electronics have contributed to nine chapters covering topics ranging from semiconductor device selection to testing and final assembly.
High Temperature Electronics Design for Aero Engine Controls and Health Monitoring
by Lucian Stoica Steve Riches Colin JohnstonThere is a growing desire to install electronic power and control systems in high temperature harsh environments to improve the accuracy of critical measurements, reduce the amount of cabling and to eliminate cooling systems. Typical target applications include electronics for energy exploration, power generation and control systems. Technical topics presented in this book include:• High temperature electronics market• High temperature devices, materials and assembly processes• Design, manufacture and testing of multi-sensor data acquisition system for aero-engine control• Future applications for high temperature electronicsHigh Temperature Electronics Design for Aero Engine Controls and Health Monitoring contains details of state of the art design and manufacture of electronics targeted towards a high temperature aero-engine application. High Temperature Electronics Design for Aero Engine Controls and Health Monitoring is ideal for design, manufacturing and test personnel in the aerospace and other harsh environment industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in electronics engineering, materials science and aerospace engineering.
High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor for Process Heat Applications (Power Systems)
by Kurt Kugeler Zuoyi ZhangThis book highlights the process of heat applications driven by modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) which have inherent safety characteristics and high outlet temperature. The book systematically covers related principles, guidelines and discussion about circuits, components and the coupling with HTGR, recommendations of safety measures, and economic and environmental requirements, with examples and experience from long-term practice. The combination of the HTGR technology and process heat applications not only is important for promoting the use of HTGR but also provides an option of significant potential for the replacement of conventional fossil fuels. With over a thousand illustrations, the book is of outstanding reference value for researchers and professionals to develop a thorough understanding.
High-Temperature Levitated Materials
by David L. PriceOne of the major experimental difficulties in studying materials at extreme temperatures is unwanted contamination of the sample through contact with the container. This can be avoided by suspending the sample through levitation. This technique also makes metastable states of matter accessible, opening up new avenues of scientific enquiry, as well as possible new materials for technological applications. This book describes several methods of levitation, the most important being aerodynamic, electromagnetic and electrostatic. It summarizes the state-of-the-art of the measurement of structural, dynamic and physical properties with levitation techniques, the considerable progress made in this field in the past two decades, and prospects for the future. It also explores the concepts behind the experiments and associated theoretical ideas. Aimed at researchers in physics, physical chemistry and materials science, the book is also of interest to professionals working in high-temperature materials processing and the aerospace industry.
High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms
by Yoseph Bar-CohenThe use of high-temperature materials in current and future applications, including silicone materials for handling hot foods and metal alloys for developing high-speed aircraft and spacecraft systems, has generated a growing interest in high-temperature technologies. High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms explores a broad range of issues relate
High-Temperature Matrix Cracking, Opening and Closure in Ceramic-Matrix Composites
by Longbiao LiCeramic matrix composites (CMCs) can withstand higher temperatures, reduce cooling airflow, improve turbine efficiency, and greatly reduce structural mass compared to the high temperature alloys. This book focuses on the matrix first/multiple cracking, crack opening and closure behavior in CMCs at high temperatures. While conducting in situ experimental observations to analyze the damage mechanisms and failure modes, the author develops micromechanical damage models and constitutive models to predict the first matrix cracking stress, multiple matrix cracking density, matrix crack opening displacement, and cracking closure stress at high temperatures. The effects of composite’s constituent properties, stress level, and ambient temperature on matrix cracking, opening, and closure are also discussed. This book will help material scientists and engineering designers to understand and master the matrix cracking and closure behavior of fiber-reinforced CMCs.
High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites
by Longbiao LiHigh Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Covers the latest research on the high-temperature mechanical behavior of ceramic-matrix compositesDue to their high temperature resistance, strength and rigidity, relatively light weight, and corrosion resistance, ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are widely used across the aerospace and energy industries. As these advanced composites of ceramics and various fibers become increasingly important in the development of new materials, understanding the high-temperature mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of CMCs is essential to ensure the reliability and safety of practical applications.High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites examines the behavior of CMCs at elevated temperature—outlining the latest developments in the field and presenting the results of recent research on different CMC characteristics, material properties, damage states, and temperatures. This up-to-date resource investigates the high-temperature behavior of CMCs in relation to first matrix cracking, matrix multiple cracking, tensile damage and fracture, fatigue hysteresis loops, stress-rupture, vibration damping, and more.This authoritative volume:Details the relationships between various high-temperature conditions and experiment resultsFeatures an introduction to the tensile, vibration, fatigue, and stress-rupture behavior of CMCs at elevated temperaturesInvestigates temperature- and time-dependent cracking stress, deformation, damage, and fracture of fiber-reinforced CMCsIncludes full references and internet links to source materialWritten by a leading international researcher in the field, High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites is an invaluable resource for materials scientists, surface chemists, organic chemists, aerospace engineers, and other professionals working with CMCs.
High-Temperature Mechanical Hysteresis in Ceramic-Matrix Composites
by Longbiao LiThis book focuses on mechanical hysteresis behavior in different fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), including 1D minicomposites, 1D unidirectional, 2D cross-ply, 2D plain-woven, 2.5D woven, and 3D needle-punched composites. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are considered to be the lightweight high-temperature materials for hot-section components in aeroengines with the most potential. To improve the reliability and safety of CMC components during operation, it is necessary to conduct damage and failure mechanism analysis, and to develop models to predict this damage as well as fracture over lifetime - mechanical hysteresis is a key damage behavior in fiber-reinforced CMCs. The appearance of hysteresis is due to a composite’s internal damage mechanisms and modes, such as, matrix cracking, interface debonding, and fiber failure. Micromechanical damage models and constitutive models are developed to predict mechanical hysteresis in different CMCs. Effects of a composite’s constituent properties, stress level, and the damage states of the mechanical hysteresis behavior of CMCs are also discussed. This book also covers damage mechanisms, damage models and micromechanical constitutive models for the mechanical hysteresis of CMCs. This book will be a great resource for students, scholars, material scientists and engineering designers who would like to understand and master the mechanical hysteresis behavior of fiber-reinforced CMCs.
High Temperature Performance of Polymer Composites
by Yu Bai Thomas KellerThe authors explain the changes in the thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of polymer composites under elevated temperatures and fire conditions. Using microscale physical and chemical concepts they allow researchers to find reliable solutions to their engineering needs on the macroscale. In a unique combination of experimental results and quantitative models, a framework is developed to realistically predict the behavior of a variety of polymer composite materials over a wide range of thermal and mechanical loads. In addition, the authors treat extreme fire scenarios up to more than 1000?C for two hours, presenting heat-protection methods to improve the fire resistance of composite materials and full-scale structural members, and discuss their performance after fire exposure.Thanks to the microscopic approach, the developed models are valid for a variety of polymer composites and structural members, making this work applicable to a wide audience, including materials scientists, polymer chemists, engineering scientists in industry, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, and those working in the industry of civil infrastructure.
High Temperature Physicochemical Properties of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag
by Xuewei Lv Zhiming YanThis book presents the physicochemical properties and structure of high-alumina slag in the ironmaking process. The book consists of seven chapters demonstrating the effect of Al2O3 on the properties and structure of slag. Based on experimental research and practical requirements, a revolutionary technical route for blast furnace smelting of high-alumina iron ore is proposed. The book presents the scientific basis and offers theoretical guidance for the large-scale utilization of high-alumina iron ore in ironmaking process. Therefore, it is of interest for not only academic researchers but also practitioners in this field.
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics: Fundamentals and Applications in Power Equipment
by Jun-Wei Zha Zhi-Min DangHigh Temperature Polymer Dielectrics Overview on how to achieve polymer dielectrics at high temperatures, with emphasis on diverse applications in various electrical insulation fields High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics: Fundamentals and Applications in Power Equipment systematically describes the latest research progress surrounding high-temperature polymer dielectric (HTPD) materials and their applications in electrical insulation fields such as high-temperature energy storage capacitors, motors, packaging, printed circuit board, new energy power equipment, and aerospace electrical equipment. The comprehensive text provides a description of the market demand and theoretical research value of HTPDs in electrical equipment and enables readers to improve the performance and design of existing HTPD materials, and to develop efficient new high temperature polymer dielectric materials in general. Specific sample topics covered in High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics include: Thermal and electrical properties of high-temperature polymers, and the excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, and long service life of polymer dielectrics Why fluorinated polymers are more thermally stable than their corresponding hydrogen-substituted polymers Static Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA), a technique for measuring the functional relationship between the deformation of the materials and the temperature and time under different actions Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a semi-crystalline polymer material with ether bonds and ketone carbonyl groups in molecular chains Providing a complete overview of the state-of-the-art high temperature polymer dielectrics, with a focus on fundamental background and recent advances, High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics is an essential resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, polymer chemists, physicists, and professionals working in the chemical industry as a whole.
High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
by Qingfeng Li David Aili Hans Aage Hjuler Jens Oluf JensenThis book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.
High-Temperature Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Heterocyclic Networks from Nitrile Monomers (Springer Series in Materials Science #334)
by Vladimir A. Bershtein Pavel N. YakushevThis book presents an overview of polymer nanocomposites for use in various high-temperature applications. Specifically, it focuses on the structure and physical properties of nanocomposites based on heterocyclic matrices derived from nitrile monomers such as cyanate esters or phthalonitriles. Due to increasing interest in new heat-resistant, lightweight materials for use in extreme conditions, such as in aeronautics, microelectronics, and various industrial machinery, the high thermal stability of heterocyclic polymer networks, in particular, has attracted much attention from materials researchers and engineers. Featuring a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in research on the structure and physical properties of these promising high-temperature polymer nanocomposites, this book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working throughout the fields of aeronautical and microelectronic engineering. In general, this book is intended for use by researchers of composite materials and specialists engaged in material selection for work in extreme conditions; for students specializing in materials science; for polymer physicists, and for university libraries.
High Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products
by Hilton C. Deeth Michael J. LewisThis book covers many aspects of thermal processing of milk and milk products with particular focus on UHT processing. It commences with an overview of the major thermal processing technologies: thermisation, pasteurisation, extended-shelf-life (ESL), UHT and in-container sterilisation. It discusses the principles of the technologies, the processing and packaging equipment used, processing issues such as temperature-time profiles, heat stability, fouling and cleaning, and the quality and safety aspects of the products produced. It provides a balance of the engineering aspects of the processes and the chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects of the products. The changes that occur in products during processing and storage, and the related defects which can arise, are central to the book. The discussions of these changes will be an aid to industry personnel in identifying the causes of quality defects in these products and devising measures which can be taken to eliminate or minimise the defects.
High Temperature Shock Technology: Ultra-fast Micro-Nano Manufacturing (Nanostructure Science and Technology)
by Yanan ChenThis book introduces high-temperature shock technology (HTS), a new method for ultra-fast synthesis of nanomaterials. HTS cannot only effectively avoid surface oxidation, agglomeration and immiscibility during the preparation of nanomaterials but also eliminate the defects or impurities of carbon-based nanomaterials. The book first presents the unique working devices of HTS. Then, it explains the working principle of its rapid heating and cooling rate at the millisecond level. In addition, the book highlights the latest research achievements of this technology in catalysis, batteries, carbon materials and new material devices, and puts forward the cost-benefit analysis and future development direction. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in materials, chemistry, new energy and other related fields, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
High-Temperature Superconducting Devices for Energy Applications
by Hamed FazlollahtabarThis book presents novel concepts in the development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices and discusses the technologies involved in producing efficient and economically feasible energy technologies around the world. High-Temperature Superconducting Devices for Energy Application covers the application of high-temperature superconductors in clean energy production and allied cooling technologies. In addition, it presents the compatibility of other materials involved in the construction of various devices at cryogenic temperatures. It also summarizes superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) and related grid stabilization. The book addresses the need to lower the losses incurred with efficient power transmission. The aim of this book is to serve the needs of industry professionals, researchers, and doctoral students studying energy technologies. Features Discusses the history of the development of high-temperature superconductors Covers cryogenic cooling technologies adapted for various superconducting devices Presents a detailed design of superconducting generators Highlights the importance of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices in the power grid Focuses on theoretical computations
High-Temperature Superconducting Materials: Preparations, Properties, and Processing
by William E. Hatfield John H. MillerThis book is a collection of proceedings of a symposium organized by the North Carolina Section of the American Chemical Society on the preparations, properties, and processing of high-temperature superconducting materials. The proceedings include papers of new results presented at the symposium.
High-Temperature Superconducting Microwave Circuits and Applications
by Haiwen Liu Baoping Ren Xuehui Guan Pin Wen Tao ZuoHigh-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials are becoming more and more attractive in the context of designing RF/microwave filters because of their lower losses and excellent performance. This book focuses on the superconducting microwave filter and its application in modern communication. It first presents the basic principles, HTS materials and processing and then introduces several types of multi-band HTS bandpass filter (BPF), discussing their properties and analyzing equivalent circuit models and their performances. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers who are interested in wireless communication and RF/microwave design.
High Temperature Superconductivity (Scottish Graduate Ser. #39)
by D P TunstallHigh Temperature Superconductivity provides a broad survey of high temperature superconductivity, discussing the adaptations of experimental and theoretical techniques and methods that take advantage of the revolutionary properties of high temperature superconductors. Distinguished engineers, chemists, and experimental and theoretical physicists introduce their own particular area of the field before going on to explain current theories and techniques. The book is divided into three sections: materials, mechanisms, and devices. Topics covered include synthetic approaches to the growth of new materials; optical, magnetic, and electrical characterization of synthesized materials; strong correlations; the magnon pairing mechanism; and technical background of device performance in new materials. A coherent introduction to high temperature superconductivity, this volume will be invaluable to researchers in condensed matter physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering.
High Temperature Superconductivity
by Shin-Ichi UchidaThis book presents an overview of material-specific factors that influence Tc and give rise to diverse Tc values for copper oxides and iron-based high- Tc superconductors on the basis of more than 25 years of experimental data, to most of which the author has made important contributions. The book then explains why both compounds are distinct from others with similar crystal structure and whether or not one can enhance Tc, which in turn gives a hint on the unresolved pairing mechanism. This is an unprecedented new approach to the problem of high-temperature superconductivity and thus will be inspiring to both specialists and non-specialists interested in this field. Readers will receive in-depth information on the past, present, and future of high-temperature superconductors, along with special, updated information on what the real highest Tc values are and particularly on the possibility of enhancing Tc for each member material, which is important for application. At this time, the highest Tc has not been improved for 20 years, and no new superconductors have been discovered for 5 years. This book will encourage researchers as well as graduate-course students not to give up on the challenges in the future of high- Tc superconductivity.
High-Temperature Superconductors (Synthesis Lectures on Materials and Optics)
by Rainer WescheThis book describes the status of research and development in the field of high-temperature superconductivity reached in the mid of the twenty-twenties. Starting from the milestones in the history of superconductivity, the main characteristics of the superconducting state are presented. Special physical properties of high-temperature superconductors are highlighted. Main classes of superconducting materials are introduced with the focus on high-temperature superconductors (cuprates and iron-based superconductors) and MgB2. Besides the material properties relevant for applications, the deposition of superconductor films and the manufacture of high-temperature superconductor wires are described. An outlook toward the future is included, covering potential applications of high-temperature superconductors in magnet technology and the electric power system.
High Temperature Superconductors, 1st Edition
by Raghu N. Bhattacharya M. Parans ParanthamanThis essential reference provides the most comprehensive presentation of state-of-the-art research being conducting worldwide today in this growing field of research and applications. HTS are currently being supported by numerous governmental and industrial initiatives in the USA and Asia and Europe to overcome energy distribution issues and are now being commercialised for power-delivery devices, such as power transmission lines and cables, motors, and generators. Applications in electric utilities include energy-storing devices to help industries avoid dips in electric power, current limiters, and long transmission lines. The technology is particularly thought out for highly-populated and densed areas. Both editors are leading experts in the field from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This book can be used as a companion teaching tool, and also as as a research and professional reference.
High Temperature Superconductors And Other Superfluids
by A S Alexandrov Nevill MottWritten by eminent researchers in the field, this text describes the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity starting from liquid helium and a charged Bose-gas. It also discusses the modern bipolaron theory of strongly coupled superconductors, which explains the basic physical properties of high-temperature superconductors. This book will be
High Temperature Surface Engineering
by J. NichollsOver the last forty years a wide range of surface coatings have been developed to address the surface stability and thermal insulation of materials used in the gas turbine section of aero, industrial and land-based power generation equipment. High Temperature Surface Engineering, the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference in the Series ‘Engineering the Surfaces’, reviews the surfacing technologies appropriate to oxidation, corrosion and thermal protection. Factors which underpin their choice for any given application are discussed in the proceedings. This highlights the importance of developing representative mechanical and physical test methods to elucidate coating degradation modes as an aid to establishing coating systems with improved engineering performance. During the organisation of the conference and in the compiling of this book we have been privileged to work with many of the leading specialists in the field of High Temperature Surface Engineering and it is our hope that this book will be a valuable reference guide for Engineers and Material Scientists.
High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping (Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences)
by Jianfeng Zhou Henry T. NguyenThis book provides an overview of the innovations in crop phenotyping using emerging technologies, i.e., high-throughput crop phenotyping technology, including its concept, importance, breakthrough and applications in different crops and environments. Emerging technologies in sensing, machine vision and high-performance computing are changing the world beyond our imagination. They are also becoming the most powerful driver of the innovation in agriculture technology, including crop breeding, genetics and management. It includes the state of the art of technologies in high-throughput phenotyping, including advanced sensors, automation systems, ground-based or aerial robotic systems. It also discusses the emerging technologies of big data processing and analytics, such as advanced machine learning and deep learning technologies based on high-performance computing infrastructure. The applications cover different organ levels (root, shoot and seed) of different crops (grains, soybean, maize, potato) at different growth environments (open field and controlled environments). With the contribution of more than 20 world-leading researchers in high-throughput crop phenotyping, the authors hope this book provides readers the needed information to understand the concept, gain the insides and create the innovation of high-throughput phenotyping technology.