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Human Performance Modification
by Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance ModificationThe development of technologies to modify natural human physical and cognitive performance is one of increasing interest and concern, especially among military services that may be called on to defeat foreign powers with enhanced warfighter capabilities. Human performance modification (HPM) is a general term that can encompass actions ranging from the use of "natural" materials, such as caffeine or khat as a stimulant, to the application of nanotechnology as a drug delivery mechanism or in an invasive brain implant. Although the literature on HPM typically addresses methods that enhance performance, another possible focus is methods that degrade performance or negatively affect a military force's ability to fight. Advances in medicine, biology, electronics, and computation have enabled an increasingly sophisticated ability to modify the human body, and such innovations will undoubtedly be adopted by military forces, with potential consequences for both sides of the battle lines. Although some innovations may be developed for purely military applications, they are increasingly unlikely to remain exclusively in that sphere because of the globalization and internationalization of the commercial research base. Based on its review of the literature, the presentations it received and on its own expertise, the Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance Modification chose to focus on three general areas of HPM: human cognitive modification as a computational problem, human performance modification as a biological problem, and human performance modification as a function of the brain-computer interface. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future summarizes these findings.
Human Performance on the Flight Deck
by Don HarrisTaking an integrated, systems approach to dealing exclusively with the human performance issues encountered on the flight deck of the modern airliner, this book describes the inter-relationships between the various application areas of human factors, recognising that the human contribution to the operation of an airliner does not fall into neat pigeonholes. The relationship between areas such as pilot selection, training, flight deck design and safety management is continually emphasised within the book. It also affirms the upside of human factors in aviation - the positive contribution that it can make to the industry - and avoids placing undue emphasis on when the human component fails. The book is divided into four main parts. Part one describes the underpinning science base, with chapters on human information processing, workload, situation awareness, decision making, error and individual differences. Part two of the book looks at the human in the system, containing chapters on pilot selection, simulation and training, stress, fatigue and alcohol, and environmental stressors. Part three takes a closer look at the machine (the aircraft), beginning with an examination of flight deck display design, followed by chapters on aircraft control, flight deck automation, and HCI on the flight deck. Part four completes the volume with a consideration of safety management issues, both on the flight deck and across the airline; the final chapter in this section looks at human factors for incident and accident investigation. The book is written for professionals within the aviation industry, both on the flight deck and elsewhere, for post-graduate students and for researchers working in the area.
Human Perspectives of Industry 4.0 Organizations: Reviewing Sustainable Performance
by Beata Mrugalska Sonia Umair Umair Waqas Ibrahim Rashid Al ShamsiSustainability is a global issue and, with the advent of further legislation to make organizations "greener," companies are keen to promote sustainable performance to survive in the market. Using the facets of Industry 4.0, companies can become leaner and cleaner and measure their performance more effectively. This book reveals the sustainable innovations that organizations are undertaking because of Industry 4.0.This book focuses on sophisticated aspects of how to make products tailor-made to suit specific requirements. It seeks to understand the status of sustainable performance that is impacted by different aspects related to human factors and concludes with detailing the future needs of businesses and potential trends. The book allows the reader to develop a deeper view of sustainability and organizational problems and to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Each chapter contains a self-contained study of a business and the decisions made to improve performance and is supported with tables, charts, and illustrations, and a wide list of bibliographic references.Human Perspectives of Industry 4.0 Organizations will be of interest to students, graduates, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of logistics, supply chain management, management, leadership, organization, and sustainability, plus those interested in Industry 4.0 more generally. It will appeal to students in graduate programs covering sustainable aspects of business, management, supply chain management, and industrial engineering.
Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
by Bryan W. Brooks Duane B. HuggettHuman interaction with the environment remains one of the most pervasive facets of modern society. In a world characterized by rapid population growth, unprecedented global trade and digital communications, energy security, natural resource scarcities, climatic changes and environmental quality, emerging diseases and public health, biodiversity and habitat modifications are routinely touted by the popular press as they canvas global political agendas and scholarly endeavors.
Human Placental Trophoblasts: Impact of Maternal Nutrition
by Asim K. Duttaroy Sanjay BasakHuman Placental Trophoblasts: Impact of Maternal Nutrition explores the vital roles of trophoblasts play in fetal growth and pregnancy, giving you new insight into the modulation of placental trophoblast functions by nutrients. It also reviews the role of fatty acids, folic acids, and specific vitamins in this aspect. The book highlights the critic
Human Power: Seven Traits for the Politics of the AI Machine Age
by Gry HasselbalchThe rapid and tumultuous technological transformation of our societies has triggered a self-exploratory public debate about what it means to be human. What are our human potential, talents, and powers – what, essentially, is our place in the modern world? Will a culture of machines out-compete a culture of humanity?In this thought-provoking but ultimately hopeful book, scholar and leading technology critic Gry Hasselbalch invites readers to reflect on the shifting dynamics between humans and the AI-powered technologies increasingly shaping our world. Exploring the distinctiveness of human power, the book addresses current debates about technology that portray humans as powerless and flawed – in essence outdated software in dire need of a technological fix – arguing that human power must remain central in discussions about AI and technology. It investigates seven key traits which set humans apart from machines: Creativity, Intuition, Emotion, Life, Defiance, Love, and Wisdom. Drawing on interviews and examples from across arts – including literature, visual arts, film and music – and from technology politics and policymaking, Human Power explains how these traits provide a foundation for a new politics in the AI Machine Age. One that does not diminish and reduce human power, but actively protects and reinforces it.If human power is not a computational process, then what is it? Human Power: Seven Traits for the Politics of the AI Machine Age gives human power – our humanity and fundamental “humanness” – a renewed voice in a debate dominated by fears and preconceptions about technological power. This important new work will appeal to journalists, policymakers, artists, and educators—and anyone else interested in the rapidly growing role of AI and digital technology in our lives.
Human Reliability Assessment Theory and Practice
by Anthony J. SpurginA continually evolving discipline, human reliability assessment (HRA) has elements of controversy from the definition of terms to the application of appropriate methods for the representation of human failure probability. The idea that human error is a random event is falling out of favor and the concept that humans can be set up to fail or succeed
Human Reliability, Error, and Human Factors in Engineering Maintenance: with Reference to Aviation and Power Generation
by B.S. DhillonOf the billions of dollars spent on plant management and operation annually, an estimated 80% of the total amount is spent to rectify the chronic failure of systems, machines, and humans. Although information on human reliability, error, and human factors in engineering maintenance is scattered throughout journals and proceedings, no single resourc
Human Reliability, Error, and Human Factors in Power Generation
by B. S. DhillonHuman reliability, error, and human factors in the area of power generation have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. Each year billions of dollars are spent in the area of power generation to design, construct/manufacture, operate, and maintain various types of power systems around the globe, and such systems often fail due to human error. This book compiles various recent results and data into one volume, and eliminates the need to consult many diverse sources to obtain vital information. It enables potential readers to delve deeper into a specific area, providing the source of most of the material presented in references at the end of each chapter. Examples along with solutions are also provided at appropriate places, and there are numerous problems for testing the reader's comprehension. Chapters cover a broad range of topics, including general methods for performing human reliability and error analysis in power plants, specific human reliability analysis methods for nuclear power plants, human factors in control systems, and human error in power plant maintenance. They are written in such a manner that the potential reader requires no previous knowledge to understand their contents. "Human Reliability, Error, and Human Factors in Power Generation" will prove useful to many individuals, including engineering professionals working in the power generation industry, researchers, instructors, and undergraduate and graduate students in the field of power engineering.
Human Reliability Programs in Industries of National Importance for Safety and Security (Risk, Reliability and Safety Engineering)
by Sunil S. Chirayath M. Sai BabaThis book discusses human reliability programs (HRPs) and their various elements, including safety and security case studies. The topics covered include significance and vulnerability aspects of human reliability and sustainable HRP, including case studies and lessons learned, methodologies used for human reliability analysis, and good practices of HRPs from various industries. Human reliability is widely used in fields requiring high standards of safety, such as the aviation, petroleum and chemical process, and nuclear industries. The book showcases contributions on the topic from experts in the field of technology, design, aviation, and nuclear industries. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in HRP to ensure safety and security in industries.
Human Remains: The gripping new thriller from the award-winning and Sunday Times bestselling author of In the Blink of an Eye
by Jo CallaghanFrom the author of In the Blink of an Eye, the Sunday Times bestseller, winner of the CWA ILP John Creasey (New Blood) Dagger and Theakston Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year. DCS Kat Frank and AIDE Lock are back in a cutting-edge new thriller.The truth will always come out, but at what cost? Fresh from successfully closing their first live case, the Future Policing Unit are called in to investigate when a headless, handless body is found on a Warwickshire farm. But as they work to identify the victim and their killer, the discovery of a second body begins to spark fears that The Aston Strangler is back. And as the stakes rise for the team, so do the tensions brewing within it. When DCS Kat Frank is accused of putting the wrong man behind bars all those years ago, AIDE Lock – the world's first AI Detective – pursues the truth about what happened with relentless logic. But Kat is determined to keep the past buried, and when she becomes the target of a shadowy figure looking for revenge, Lock is torn between his evidence-based algorithms and the judgement of his partner, with explosive results. When everything hangs in the balance, it will all come down to just how much an AI machine can learn, and what happens when they do . . . PRAISE FOR JO CALLAGHAN: 'A new force to be reckoned with in crime&’ Daily Mail 'An outstanding talent&’ Jane Casey 'Callaghan writes with such intelligence; interspersing humour with moments of utter heartbreak&’ Nikki Smith 'An amazing writer&’ Frances Quinn
Human Resource Design: Steering Human-centered Innovation within Organisations (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Martina RossiThe book provides an understanding of how service design and design thinking could address the needs of organisations in tackling processes of transformations which include changes in the way people behave, interact and grow. It addresses the demand of human resource management functions, which are primarily called to manage such transformations about what regards people, namely the employees. It suggests a framework that defines a course of action, based on design features, aimed at supporting organisations in facing organisational change.The book will be of interest of researchers in the field of service design, design thinking and HR management, consultants/practitioners working in those fields, and educators that would like to train learners in becoming human resource designers.
Human Resource Management and Digitalization (Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management)
by Franca Cantoni Gianluigi MangiaDigitalization is changing the world of work. Technology is shifting the relationship between workers and machines and how work is organized; new skills are becoming increasingly relevant in the workplace where workers no longer work for a single company, in 9-to-5 jobs, five days a week. Industry 4.0, also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is revolutionizing the way managers can design, control and improve their activities. While the nature of the tasks and the interdependences between individuals are changing, the impact of intelligent technologies is severely questioning the span of control of leaders and the effectiveness of their leadership styles. The authors sketch out the main changes occurring in the business landscape and identify the new expectations that organizations are formulating for leaders across several industries. In an age in which new leadership models are about to emerge, they describe how the relevant changes impact and shape the managerial arena. This book sets the stage for a new way of thinking on the nature of the relationship between HR and technology. It examines the influence of Industry 4.0 and Innovation 4.0, (i.e. the connection between physical and digital processes in industrial production, where human competencies and machine potential are strictly interconnected throughout the entire value chain), from a myriad of viewpoints: namely in terms of structures, practices, influences (learning, training and communication), competencies and roles. A chapter is also dedicated to the understanding of the impact of Innovation 4.0, in the context of European Universities through E-learning Experiences where a multiple-case study analysis is provided.
Human Resource Management in Construction: Critical Perspectives
by Andrew Dainty Martin LoosemoreThe construction sector is one of the most complex and problematic arenas within which to manage people. As a result, the applicability of much mainstream human resource management (HRM) theory to this industry is limited. Indeed, the operational realities faced by construction organizations mean that all too often the needs of employees are subjugated by performance concerns. This has potentially dire consequences for those who work in the industry, for the firms that employ them and ultimately, for the prosperity and productivity of the industry as a whole. In this new edition of their leading text, Andrew Dainty and Martin Loosemore have assembled a collection of perspectives which critically examine key aspects of the HRM function in the context of contemporary construction organizations. Rather than simply update the previous edition, the aim of this second edition is to provide a more critical commentary on the ways in which the industry addresses the HRM function and how this affects those who work within the industry. To this end, the editors have gathered contributions from many of the leading thinkers within construction HRM to critique the perspectives presented in the first edition. Each contributor either tackles specific aspects of the HRM function, or provides a critical commentary on industry practice. The authors explain, using real-life case studies, the ways in which construction firms respond to the myriad pressures that they face through their HRM practices. Together the contributions encourage the reader to rethink the HRM function and its role in defining the employment relationship. This provides essential reading for students of construction and project management, and reflective practitioners who are interested in theoretically informed insights into industry practice and its implications. ?
Human Resource Management in Construction Projects: Strategic and Operational Approaches
by Martin Loosemore Andrew Dainty Helen LingardAlthough construction is one of the most labour-intensive industries, people management issues are given inadequate attention. Furthermore, the focus of attention with regards to HR has been on the strategic aspects of HRM function - yet most problems and operational issues arise on projects. To help redress these problems, this book takes a broad view of HRM, examining the strategic and operational aspects of managing people within the construction sector. The book is aimed at project managers and students of project management who, until now, have been handed the responsibility for human resource management without adequate knowledge or training. The issues addressed in this book are internationally relevant, and are of fundamental concern to both students and practitioners involved in the management of construction projects. The text draws on the authors' experience of working with a range of large construction companies in improving their HRM operational activities at both strategic and operational levels, and is well illustrated with case studies of projects and organizations.
Human Resource Management in Project-Based Organizations
by Karin BredinPresenting findings from research into Sweden's leading multinationals this book focuses on engineering companies operating in global industries such as pharmaceutical, aerospace, packing systems and automotive. It explores research and practice within the area of HRM focusing on project-based organizations.
Human Resources and Change Management for Safety Professionals (Occupational Safety & Health Guide Series)
by Thomas Schneid Shelby SchneidThe goal of this book is to prepare safety and health professionals to recognize and address human resource issues, applicable laws and regulations, as well as change management techniques used to alter the safety culture within their operations. This book will provide awareness to avoid or address HR related policies/issues/laws which can result in costly litigation, grievances, and other negative implications. The book will address the "pitfalls" for safety professionals to avoid as well as provide the methodology to attain the cultural change necessary to achieve and maintain safety performance. <P><P>Features <li>Prepares safety professionals how to avoid or address HR issues and laws <li>Provides awareness of applicable labor and employment laws and regulations <li>Covers change management skills applicable to the safety function <li>Enables the safety professional to recognize legal requirements from everyday questions asked by employees <li>Helps safety professionals to prevent becoming entangled in legal issues resulting from their actions or inactions
Human Resources and Crew Resource Management: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
by Adam Weintrit Tomasz NeumannThe TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at the Symposium were: navigation, safety at sea, sea transportation, education of navigators and simulator-based training, sea traffic engineering, ship's manoeuvrability, integrated systems, electronic charts systems, satellite, radio-navigation and anti-collision systems and many others. This book is part of a series of six volumes and provides an overview of Human Resources and Crew Resource management and is addressed to scientists and professionals involved in research and development of navigation, safety of navigation and sea transportation.
Human Resources Management in Construction (Chartered Institute of Building)
by David Langford R. F. Fellows M. R. Hancock A. W. GaleHuman Resources Management in Construction fills an important gap in current management literature by applying general principles of human resources management specifically to the construction industry. It discusses and explores findings from research to supplement the theoretical and practical procedures used. It explores issues such as the technology used and the pattern of social and political relationships within which people are managed.
The Human Respiratory System: An Analysis of the Interplay between Anatomical Structure and Breathing Dynamics
by Clara Mihaela IonescuThe Human Respiratory System combines emerging ideas from biology and mathematics to show the reader how to produce models for the development of biomedical engineering applications associated with the lungs and airways. Mathematically mature but in its infancy as far as engineering uses are concerned, fractional calculus is the basis of the methods chosen for system analysis and modelling. This reflects two decades' worth of conceptual development which is now suitable for bringing to bear in biomedical engineering. The text reveals the latest trends in modelling and identification of human respiratory parameters with a view to developing diagnosis and monitoring technologies. Of special interest is the notion of fractal structure which is indicative of the large-scale biological efficiency of the pulmonary system. The related idea of fractal dimension represents the adaptations in fractal structure caused by environmental factors, notably including disease. These basics are linked to model the dynamical patterns of breathing as a whole. The ideas presented in the book are validated using real data generated from healthy subjects and respiratory patients and rest on non-invasive measurement methods. The Human Respiratory System will be of interest to applied mathematicians studying the modelling of biological systems, to clinicians with interests outside the traditional borders of medicine, and to engineers working with technologies of either direct medical significance or for mitigating changes in the respiratory system caused by, for example, high-altitude or deep-sea environments.
Human Response to Vibration
by Neil J. MansfieldThrough continued collaboration and the sharing of ideas, data, and results, the international community of researchers and practitioners has developed an understanding of many facets of the human response to vibration. At a time when the EU is preparing to adopt a directive on health risks arising from occupational exposure to vibration, Human Response to Vibration offers authoritative guidance on this complex subject. Individual chapters in the book examine issues relating to whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration, and motion sickness. Vibration measurements and standards are also addressed. This book meets the needs of those requiring knowledge of human response to vibration in order to make practical improvements to the physical working environment. Written with the consultant, practitioner, researcher, and student in mind, the text is designed to be an educational tool, a reference, and a stimulus for new ideas for the next generation of specialists.
Human Rights and Digital Technology
by Susan Perry Claudia RodaAnalysing the convergence of law and regulation with rapidly evolving communications technologies, this interdisciplinary work navigates the intricate balancing act between human rights protection and technological innovation in a digital age, and illuminates the comprehensive potential of human rights to frame our intelligent use of technology. The authors address such pressing questions as how to protect user privacy online, whether digital pollution is a health hazard, who should have control and be responsible for data technologies and how to maintain human autonomy in a world of interconnected objects. By considering specific cases, this book provides an in-depth exploration of the many regulatory and technological choices citizens, states, civil society organizations and the private sector should consider to ensure that digital technology more fully serves human needs.
Human Risk Assessment: The Role Of Animal Selection And Extrapolation
by M. V. Roloff; A. G. E. Wilson; W. E. Ribelin; W. P. Ridley; F. A. RueckerThis book explores the factors which are critical in the selection of an appropriate animal species for toxicology studies and the subsequent extrapolation of the data to humans. It provides some future directions for risk assessment activities at the Environmental Protection Agency.
Human-Robot Body Experience (Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems)
by Philipp BeckerleThis monograph presents innovative research regarding the body experience of human individuals who are using assistive robotic devices such as wearable robots or teleoperation systems. The focus is set on human-in-the-loop experiments that help to empirically evaluate how users experience devices. Moreover, these experiments allow for further examination of the underlying mechanisms of body experience through extending existing psychological paradigms, e.g., by disentangling tactile feedback from contacts. Besides reporting and discussing psychological examinations, the influence of various aspects of engineering design is investigated, e.g., different implementations of haptic interfaces or robot control. As haptics are of paramount importance in this tight type of human-robot interaction, it is explored with respect to modality as well as temporal and spatial effects. The first part of the book motivates the research topic and gives an in-depth analysis of the experimental requirements. The second and third part present experimental designs and studies of human-robot body experience regarding the upper and lower limbs as well as cognitive models to predict them. The fourth part discusses a multitude of design considerations and provides directions to guide future research on bidirectional human-machine interfaces and non-functional haptic feedback.
Human-Robot Interaction: Safety, Standardization, and Benchmarking
by Paolo Barattini Federico Vicentini Gurvinder Singh Virk Tamas HaideggerHuman-Robot Interaction: Safety, Standardization, and Benchmarking provides a comprehensive introduction to the new scenarios emerging where humans and robots interact in various environments and applications on a daily basis. The focus is on the current status and foreseeable implications of robot safety, approaching these issues from the standardization and benchmarking perspectives. Featuring contributions from leading experts, the book presents state-of-the-art research, and includes real-world applications and use cases. It explores the key leading sectors—robotics, service robotics, and medical robotics—and elaborates on the safety approaches that are being developed for effective human-robot interaction, including physical robot-human contacts, collaboration in task execution, workspace sharing, human-aware motion planning, and exploring the landscape of relevant standards and guidelines. <P><P>Features <P><P>Presenting a comprehensive introduction to human-robot interaction in a number of domains, including industrial robotics, medical robotics, and service robotics <P><P>Focusing on robot safety standards and benchmarking <P><P>Providing insight into current developments in international standards <P><P>Featuring contributions from leading experts, actively pursuing new robot development