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Intelligente Produktions- und Fertigungsoptimierung - Der Bienenalgorithmus-Ansatz
by Duc Truong Pham Natalia HartonoDieses Buch ist das erste Werk, das sich mit dem Bienenalgorithmus beschäftigt. Nach einer sanften Einführung in die wichtigsten Ideen, die dem Algorithmus zugrunde liegen, stellt das Buch aktuelle Ergebnisse und Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Algorithmus und seiner Anwendung auf Optimierungsprobleme in Produktion und Fertigung vor.Mit dem Beginn der vierten industriellen Revolution sind Produktions- und Fertigungsprozesse und -systeme immer komplexer geworden. Um die beste Leistung aus ihnen herauszuholen, sind effiziente und effektive Optimierungstechniken erforderlich, die nicht von der Verfügbarkeit von Prozess- oder Systemmodellen abhängen. Solche Modelle sind in der Regel entweder nicht verfügbar oder aufgrund des hohen Grades an Nichtlinearität und Unsicherheiten in den darzustellenden Prozessen und Systemen mathematisch schwer zu lösen. Der Bienenalgorithmus ist eine leistungsstarke, schwarmbasierte, intelligente Optimierungs-Metaheuristik, die vom Suchverhalten der Honigbienen inspiriert ist. Der Algorithmus ist konzeptionell elegant und extrem einfach anzuwenden. Alles, was er zur Lösung eines Optimierungsproblems benötigt, ist ein Mittel zur Bewertung der Qualität potenzieller Lösungen. Dieses Buch zeigt die Einfachheit, Effektivität und Vielseitigkeit des Algorithmus und ermutigt Ingenieure und Forscher auf der ganzen Welt, ihn weiter einzusetzen, um eine intelligente und nachhaltige Fertigung und Produktion im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0 und darüber hinaus zu realisieren.
Intelligente und nachhaltige Technologie für widerstandsfähige Städte und Gemeinden
by Robert J. Howlett Lakhmi C. Jain John R. Littlewood Marius M. BalasBei diesem Buch handelt es sich um eine Sammlung erweiterter Fassungen von Vorträgen, die auf dem internationalen KES-Gipfel Covid-19 Herausforderung gehalten wurden. Der Schwerpunkt des Buches liegt auf technologischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklungen zur Bekämpfung der Auswirkungen globaler und lokaler Katastrophen sowie auf der Frage, wie die Erholung von Covid genutzt werden kann, um widerstandsfähigere und nachhaltigere Gemeinschaften und Industrien aufzubauen und die Umwelt zu verbessern. Auch die globalen Herausforderungen des vom Menschen beeinflussten Klimawandels werden erörtert. Die Kapitel befassen sich mit der Stärkung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Städten und Gemeinden durch Energieautarkie, Lebensmittelproduktion, widerstandsfähige Wohnungen und Gebäude, menschliche Gesundheit und intelligente Systeme, z. B. für Vorhersagen und Prognosen.
Intelligente Vergabestrategien bei Großprojekten: Ein Überblick (essentials)
by Volkmar Agthe Stefan Löchner Steffen SchmittDie Autoren untersuchen die Voraussetzungen f#65533;r eine erfolgreiche Vergabestrategie bei Gro#65533;projekten. Zun#65533;chst analysieren sie die Risiken f#65533;r die am Bau Beteiligten und stellen Varianten dar, wie Planungs- und Bauleistungen zu vergeben sind. Danach werden die M#65533;glichkeiten und Grenzen von in j#65533;ngerer Zeit ,,in Mode gekommenen" Vergabemodellen, insbesondere die Vergabe mit Garantiertem Maximalpreis bzw. die Beauftragung von Construction Managern, diskutiert. Hierauf und auf einer Analyse der typischen Struktur eines (gro#65533;en) Bauprojekts aufbauend, wird ein Vergabemodell entwickelt, das einerseits den Risiken der Baubeteiligten Rechnung tr#65533;gt, andererseits dem Bauherrn die erforderliche Flexibilit#65533;t bel#65533;sst. So kann er in einem kompetitiven Umfeld ein seinen Vorstellungen bez#65533;glich Kosten, Qualit#65533;ten und Terminen entsprechendes Bauvorhaben realisieren.
Intelligente Videoanalyse: Handbuch f¿r die Praxis
by Torsten Anst¿dt Ivo Keller Harald LutzIntelligente Videoanalyse bezeichnet Systeme aus Kameras und Software, die selbsttätig bestimmte Objekte identifizieren und deren Bewegungen verfolgen können. Obwohl sie in immer mehr Feldern wie Gebäudesicherung und Verkaufsförderung eingesetzt wird, fehlte bislang ein Buch, welches den gegenwärtigen Stand der Technik, der Probleme und der Anwendungsgebiete in übersichtlicher Form beschreibt. Das einzige Buch zu diesem vielseitig relevanten Thema deckt von Planung über Algorithmen bis Datenschutz alle relevanten Aspekte ab.
Intelligenter Separator: Optimale Veredelung von Lebensmitteln (Intelligente Technische Systeme – Lösungen aus dem Spitzencluster it’s OWL)
by Roman Dumitrescu Markus FleuterDas Buch beinhaltet die Ergebnisse des dreijährigen Verbundprojekts "Separator i4.0" des BMBF-Spitzenclusters it's OWL. Gegenstand des Projekts war die nachhaltige Einbindung von Expertenwissen in die zukunftsweisende Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung von Separationsprozessen. Durch die Entwicklung neuartiger intelligenter Komponenten aus dem Bereich der Sensorik wird es zukünftig möglich sein, Separatoren und die zugehörigen Prozesszusammenhänge zu verstehen und diese ökologisch/ökonomisch optimal auszulegen und zu betreiben. Hierzu wurde ein Instrumentarium bestehend aus Methoden und Lösungen erarbeitet, das darüber hinaus auf analoge Problemstellungen komplexer maschinenbaulicher Anlagen anwendbar sein wird.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of U.S. Agricultural and Biotechnology Policies
by Joshua S. Graff Zivin Jeffrey M. PerloffUsing economic models and empirical analysis, this volume examines a wide range of agricultural and biofuel policy issues and their effects on American agricultural and related agrarian insurance markets. Beginning with a look at the distribution of funds by insurance programs--created to support farmers but often benefiting crop processors instead--the book then examines the demand for biofuel and the effects of biofuel policies on agricultural price uncertainty. Also discussed are genetically engineered crops, which are assuming an increasingly important role in arbitrating tensions between energy production, environmental protection, and the global food supply. Other contributions discuss the major effects of genetic engineering on worldwide food markets. By addressing some of the most challenging topics at the intersection of agriculture and biotechnology, this volume informs crucial debates.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of U.S. Agricultural and Biotechnology Policies: Intended And Unintended Effects Of U. S. Agricultural And Biotechnology Policies (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
by Joshua S. Graff Zivin Jeffrey M. PerloffUsing economic models and empirical analysis, this volume examines a wide range of agricultural and biofuel policy issues and their effects on American agricultural and related agrarian insurance markets. Beginning with a look at the distribution of funds by insurance programs—created to support farmers but often benefiting crop processors instead—the book then examines the demand for biofuel and the effects of biofuel policies on agricultural price uncertainty. Also discussed are genetically engineered crops, which are assuming an increasingly important role in arbitrating tensions between energy production, environmental protection, and the global food supply. Other contributions discuss the major effects of genetic engineering on worldwide food markets. By addressing some of the most challenging topics at the intersection of agriculture and biotechnology, this volume informs crucial debates.
Intense Shock Waves on Earth and in Space (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
by Vladimir FortovThis book focuses on the non-traditional branches of physics and mechanics of shock waves that have arisen recently in connection with the intensive study of these waves in a wide variety of phenomena - from nuclear matter to clusters of galaxies. The book is devoted to the various physical phenomena and properties of intense shock waves.The author addresses methods of generation, diagnostics, as well as theoretical methods for describing shock waves at extremely high pressures and temperatures in laboratory and quasi-laboratory conditions. The state of materials with high energy density generated by shock wave compression is discussed. In addition, the book aims to systematize, generalize, and describe from a universal viewpoint the extensive theoretical and experimental material on the physics of high energy densities - the physics and mechanics of intense shock waves. The book is based on lectures delivered by the author at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Higher School of Physics of Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, as well as overviews presented at many scientific conferences and symposia. It is useful to a wide range of researchers in natural sciences, giving them access to original works and allowing them to navigate the fascinating problems of the modern science of intense shock waves.
Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes (Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering)
by Laurence R. WeatherleyExplore and review novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems with this essential toolkit. Topics include discussion of the principles of process intensification, the nexus between process intensification and sustainable engineering, and the fundamentals of liquid-liquid contacting, from an expert with over forty-five years' experience in the field. Providing promising directions for investment and for new research in process intensification, in addition to a unique review of the fundamentals of the topic, this book is the perfect guide for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, developers, and research staff in chemical engineering and biochemical engineering.
Intensified Land and Water Use: A Holistic Perspective of Local to Regional Integration (Springer Earth System Sciences)
by Margarita María Alconada-MaglianoThis book combines multidisciplinary studies on the environmental consequences of intensified use of land and water, and the fusion of land to provide food for a growing population. Studies on water, vegetation, and soil are addressed from an environmental management perspective with a special focus on the relation between natural elements and humans. This book considers the essential dynamics of humans and the natural environment, which is especially important in areas with shallow water-table that influence directly on agricultural activities (crops, livestock, and forests), land management, flooding, droughts, waterlogging, salt-affected soils (saline and sodic) and variation in obtained water quality in wells where these processes as related to the local and regional geomorphology control. The studies present hydrological processes towards the definition of an adequate use of soil and water with consequences of its management on the environment. Also, water study procedures are presented as well as their relation to other elements of the landscape. Methodologies such as the Tóthian flow system concept are recognized by different authors to provide the reader with solid interdisciplinary analyses of related environmental components such as soils, vegetation, surface water, geomorphology, geological framework and groundwater physical-chemical composition.
Intensified Landslide Disasters in Japan: The 2011 Kii Peninsula Torrential Rain Disasters
by Ryoichi FukagawaThe 2011 Kii Peninsula disaster was postwar Japan’s largest sediment and flood disaster. This book analyzes the disaster and the emergency response and subsequent disaster-prevention efforts. It also provides an international comparison and recommendations for mitigation and recovery efforts. Although the scale and intensity of the disaster were expected to occur just once every 100 years, global warming has seen the intensification of such disasters around the globe. This book therefore presents an invaluable in-depth reference for readers on how to prepare for such a disaster, identify risk factors, and react accordingly. Contributors draw on the results of field surveys conducted by the Japanese Geotechnical Society at the time of the disaster and subsequent developments. First, they explain the factors that contributed to the disaster, including the meteorological, topographical, and geological conditions at the time of the disaster. They then describe the mechanisms of slope failure and damage caused by the slope failures across Nara, Wakayama, and Mie prefectures. Finally, they describe the post-disaster response, including the recovery and reconstruction and disaster-prevention and mitigation efforts in the affected area. Readers will therefore understand the importance of the contributing factors and be able to improve disaster mitigation strategies and response plans that will save lives and prevent damage to local infrastructure and economies. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, geologists, practicing engineers, and government officials who are involved in disaster prevention and response. Upper undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from the book’s in-depth approach.
Intensifying Activated Sludge Using Media-Supported Biofilms
by Dwight Houweling Glen T. DaiggerIntensifying Activated Sludge Using Media-Supported Biofilms will be of interest to practicing wastewater treatment process designers, along with those seeking more compact and energy-efficient wastewater treatment options. The advantages of Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR)-based hybrid processes are now well-established in practice, leading to their increased use in the field. Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)-based hybrid processes are much newer and offer further systematic process and energy advantages. This book examines the evolution of hybrid technologies as well as the potential for continued improvement of biological wastewater treatment techniques. Features: Reviews current approaches for intensifying biological wastewater treatment processes and their mechanistic bases. Examines hybrid suspended growth/biofilm-based wastewater treatment processes, including the newly-developed MABR-based processes, and their unique dynamic performance characteristics. Presents a novel method for characterizing the performance and process intensification advantages of hybrid processes. Provides guidance for simulating the performance of hybrid processes, including oxygen transfer in MABR hybrid processes.
Intensivtraining Projektmanagement: Ein praxisnahes Übungsbuch für den gezielten Kompetenzaufbau
by Walter JakobyIn diesem Übungsbuch werden die Kenntnisse des Projektmanagements kompakt zusammengefasst und durch Verständnisfragen überprüft. Die Anwendung wird mit Hilfe praxisnaher Übungsaufgaben und kommentierter Lösungen intensiv trainiert, so dass sich das Buch als unmittelbare Vorbereitung auf Klausuren und Prüfungen eignet.Im abschließenden Praxisprojekt werden alle Methoden an einem durchgängigen Beispiel angewendet. Es kann als anschauliches Vorgehensmuster für das Planen und Steuern eigener Projekte verwendet werden und ermöglicht so einen nahtlosen Übergang vom Aufbau der Kompetenzen zu deren praxisgerechter Nutzung.
Intensivtraining Projektmanagement: Ein praxisnahes Übungsbuch für den gezielten Kompetenzaufbau
by Walter JakobyIn diesem Übungsbuch werden die Kenntnisse des Projektmanagements zunächst kompakt zusammengefasst. Mit Hilfe von Verständnisfragen kann der Wissensstand dann überprüft und durch praxisnahe Übungsaufgaben mit kommentierten Lösungen vertieft werden, so dass sich das Buch als unmittelbare Vorbereitung auf Klausuren und Prüfungen eignet.In einem umfangreichen Praxisprojekt werden die erworbenen Kompetenzen anschließend zur Lösung der Aufgaben des gesamten PM-Lebenszyklus angewendet. Dies bildet ein anschauliches Vorgehensmuster für das Planen und Steuern von Projekten und ermöglicht so einen nahtlosen Übergang zu eigenen realen Projekten.
Intensivtraining Projektmanagement: Ein praxisnahes Übungsbuch für den gezielten Kompetenzaufbau
by Walter JakobyIn diesem Übungsbuch werden die Kenntnisse des Projektmanagements zunächst kompakt zusammengefasst. Mit Hilfe von Verständnisfragen kann der Wissensstand dann überprüft und durch praxisnahe Übungsaufgaben mit kommentierten Lösungen vertieft werden, so dass sich das Buch als unmittelbare Vorbereitung auf Klausuren und Prüfungen eignet.In einem umfangreichen Praxisprojekt werden die erworbenen Kompetenzen anschließend zur Lösung der Aufgaben des gesamten PM-Lebenszyklus angewendet. Dies bildet ein anschauliches Vorgehensmuster für das Planen und Steuern von Projekten und ermöglicht so einen nahtlosen Übergang zu eigenen realen Projekten.
Intent Recognition for Human-Machine Interactions (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Hua Xu Hanlei Zhang Ting-En LinNatural interaction is one of the hottest research issues in human-computer interaction. At present, there is an urgent need for intelligent devices (service robots, virtual humans, etc.) to be able to understand intentions in an interactive dialogue. Focusing on human-computer understanding based on deep learning methods, the book systematically introduces readers to intention recognition, unknown intention detection, and new intention discovery in human-computer dialogue. This book is the first to present interactive dialogue intention analysis in the context of natural interaction. In addition to helping readers master the key technologies and concepts of human-machine dialogue intention analysis and catch up on the latest advances, it includes valuable references for further research.
Intentional and Inherent Nonlinearities in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Michele RossoThis book presents recent research in the field of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting in which intentionally designed nonlinearities as well as inherently present are widely considered. It provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, with a sharp classification into linear and nonlinear devices, and recalls the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and magnetostatics. A detailed treatment of linear and nonlinear mathematical modeling of piezoelectric harvesters is then developed to provide the reader with a wide range of modeling possibilities. Theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches to modeling the magnetic interaction are also provided. Several cases of innovative piezoelectric harvester designs based on magnetic interaction as a frequency up-conversion mechanism (FuC) are developed. Improvements of the magnetic FuC are proposed, in combination with indirect impacts as well as the manipulation of magnetic forces with novelty methods. Novel studies on the magnetic interaction itself and its implications for the dynamic behavior of the harvester are also summarized. The book provides an integrated view of theoretical, computational, and experimental research in this field, as such it can be useful for researchers interested in linear and nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting, for graduate courses on smart structures and devices, microsystems, and for designers.
Intentional Stance Towards Humanoid Robots: Lessons Learned from Studies in Human-Robot Interaction
by Agnieszka WykowskaWith the reinassance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-empowered technologies, such as robots, we are all asking ourselves the question: What role will these new technologies play in our lives and in our society? On the one hand, we are excited about the new opportunities that AI and robots bring. On the other hand, there are understandable fears: What if the AI becomes too powerful? What if the robots become too human-like? This book is centered around a theoretical framework of the Intentional Stance, initially proposed by Daniel Dennett, and addresses the timely question: How do we, humans, approach robots? Do we see them as intentional agents that can potentially become our social companions? Or do we rather approach them as tools, man-made artifacts? What does it take for a robot to make an impression that it is an intentional/social agent? Is it its appearance? Its behaviour? Or, perhaps (and quite likely), the way it interacts with the human? These questions are addressed across various chapters of book, each of which is then complemented by an inspiring conversation with one of the prominent academics and scholars: Daniel Dennett (Philosophy) – the originator of the concept of the Intentional Stance; Hiroshi Ishiguro (Robotics) – the creator of androids, David Gunkel (Robot-Ethics), Bertram Malle (Cognitive Science), Antonio Sgorbissa (Culturally-competent Social Robotics), Bill Vorn (Robotic Art). The book discusses also some important ethical considerations to be made, and risks to be aware of. Do we actually want to create robots that are treated as intentional agents? What if the line between the human/robot categories becomes blurred? As intentional agents, should robots become also moral agents and legal persons in our societal and legal systems?
Inter- and Intra-Vehicle Communications
by Gilbert HeldThe PC revolution, the advent of PDAs, and growth in the use of wireless LANs have changed the way we live our lives. Next on the horizon is the application of new technologies that will change the way we drive our cars. De rigeur for many drivers, electronic passes and GPS systems represent the tip of the iceberg in terms of emerging applications
Inter-area Oscillations in Power Systems
by Arturo Roman MessinaThis book deals with the application of new techniques based on time-frequency system representations and statistical approaches to the study, characterization, and control of nonlinear and non-stationary inter-area oscillations in power systems. The main focus is on the study of nonlinear, time-varying wide-area oscillatory problems associated with critical system perturbations. Techniques that explicitly address and treat nonlinearity are given and efficient methods to generate time-varying system approximations from both measured and simulated data are discussed. The theoretical basis for these methods is described as well as application properties and performance. Analysis techniques discussed include parametric methods such as Prony analysis, Yule-Walker based methods, Least-Squares methods, Wavelets and Fourier-based methods, and non-parametric methods such as Periodogram averaging and the Hilbert-Huang transform, as well as higher order statistical approaches. Emphasis is placed on the modeling and control of complex time-varying behavior which has not been present in previous work. Through case studies of synthetic and real-life test systems, the authors explain how an understanding of temporal, nonlinear behavior can be incorporated in the analysis and design process of complex control systems. Examples include computer simulations and actual system measurements from power systems in North America, Australia, India and Mexico. Particular attention is given to the vital new ideas of dynamic security assessment in real-time implementations and the evaluation of spatio-temporal behavior in systems with embedded f Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS). Future applications of these methodologies focusing on the implementation of smart wide-area monitoring, protection control systems based on methods of analysis of time series are also discussed.
Inter-Laboratory Study on Electrochemical Methods for the Characterization of Cocrmo Biomedical Alloys in Simulated Body Fluids
by A. Igual MunozThis special issue of Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology is dedicated to the study of corrosion of objects from historical sites. The issue contains contributions from the 2009 EUROCORR session on Corrosion of Archaeological and Heritage Artefacts organised by the European Federation of Corrosion's working party and commissioned articles on other key issues. The objective is to give the reader a broad understanding of corrosion of ancient materials, for the most part metal but also glass. Articles shed light on a range of analytical approaches related to the study of the complex systems that make up historical artifacts. In order to arrive at an understanding of the nanometric organisation of rust layers and interphases, such studies must be approached on a macroscopic scale. Techniques used include; macrophotography, synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that ensure results that are both exhaustive and representative of particular observations. This issue demonstrates the wealth of approaches possible in the study of the corrosion of ancient materials.
Inter-Organizational Relationships
by Cecilia Rossignoli Francesca RicciardiThis book explores the premise that organizations are significantly influenced by their inter-organizational relationships; moreover, these relationships may generate important externalities, both positive and negative, impacting the environment at several levels. The advent of the Internet era, on the other hand, has resulted in disruptive changes in traditional inter-organizational networks, and some completely new inter-organizational settings are now arising. In its first part the book reviews the most commonly cited theories explaining inter-organizational phenomena: transaction costs economics, agency theory, resource dependence theory, game theories, collaborative networks theory, institutional theories, organizational ecology, resource-based / relational-based view of the firm, and knowledge network / social network theories. In Part II it thoroughly reviews the literature on a number of key IT-enabled inter-organizational systems currently on the rise, such as virtual organizations, e-intermediators and e-marketplaces. Lastly, Part III presents the case of the Yoox Group, a leading firm offering e-commerce services for fashion and design products. A framework is proposed for systematically linking the different possible types of inter-organizational relationships to specific, suitable sets of theories. The range of possible inter-organizational relationships is described on the basis of three pairs of opposites: conformism-breach, exploitation-exploration, and cooperation-competition. This results in a model that makes it possible to combine different theories in order to study the effects of inter-organizational ambidexterity and dynamism on performance.
The Inter-Satellite Link: Theory and Technology
by Jun YangThis book highlights a comprehensive coverage of the science and technology of multi-orbit inter-satellite links. It describes the fundamental concepts and system requirements, presents the architecture and measurement principles and demonstrates the anti-interference design, access and slot planning, network transmission and routing, calibration and test evaluation, as well as applications for measurement and communication. Recent advances in theoretical research on precision measurement and communication are presented. The book serves as a reference for professionals involved in designing space-based information systems or developing satellite-ground equipment or services based on inter-satellite links. Additionally, it is also a valuable resource for teachers and graduate students in related majors.
Interacting Boson Model from Energy Density Functionals
by Kosuke NomuraThis thesis describes a novel and robust way of deriving a Hamiltonian of the interacting boson model based on microscopic nuclear energy density functional theory. Based on the fact that the multi-nucleon induced surface deformation of finite nucleus can be simulated by effective boson degrees of freedom, observables in the intrinsic frame, obtained from self-consistent mean-field method with a microscopic energy density functional, are mapped onto the boson analog. Thereby, the excitation spectra and the transition rates for the relevant collective states having good symmetry quantum numbers are calculated by the subsequent diagonalization of the mapped boson Hamiltonian. Because the density functional approach gives an accurate global description of nuclear bulk properties, the interacting boson model is derived for various situations of nuclear shape phenomena, including those of the exotic nuclei investigated at rare-isotope beam facilities around the world. This work provides, for the first time, crucial pieces of information about how the interacting boson model is justified and derived from nucleon degrees of freedom in a comprehensive manner.
Interacting Processes in Soil Science
by R.J. Wagenet Philippe Baveye B.A. StewartInteracting Processes in Soil Science focuses on coupled processes in soil. Topics covered in this important volume include the effects of inorganic salts upon water flow, modeling of sorption, transport and transformation of organic solutes, and the effects of microorganisms on silicate clay minerals. The book presents studies and approaches that can be extended and complemented by innovative work in the future.Interacting Processes in Soil Science will be an essential reference for all researchers and students in soil science, soil and water engineering, civil and environmental engineering, earth sciences, and hydrology.