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Interfacial Flows—The Power and Beauty of Asymptotic Methods (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #615)
by Bernhard ScheichlThis book presents the state of the art of asymptotic and related mathematical methods, and how to apply them, as the means of choice, to representative building blocks of interfacial-flow phenomena. After an introduction which exemplifies the application of perturbation techniques in describing the well-known teapot effect, chapter 2 covers the status quo of the theory of inviscid sloshing and the associated modal analysis of free-surface waves; and chapter 3 envisages the intersection between dimensional analysis, scaling laws and the reduction of the governing partial differential equations to ordinary ones. The other chapters focus on, respectively, the singularity formation in free surfaces as a self-similar phenomenon in thin-film dynamics, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication by weakly viscoelastic fluids, and the inertia-free film flows under gravity with contact lines. It addresses graduate students and early-career researchers interested in theoretical fluid mechanics and its mathematical foundations, but also experienced scientists, actively employing perturbation analysis for long, who want to broaden their horizon.
Interfacial Mechanics: Theories and Methods for Contact and Lubrication
by Jane WangUnderstanding the characteristics of material contact and lubrication at tribological interfaces is of great importance to engineering researchers and machine designers. Traditionally, contact and lubrication are separately studied due to technical difficulties, although they often coexist in reality and they are actually on the same physical ground. Fast research advancements in recent years have enabled the development and application of unified models and numerical approaches to simulate contact and lubrication, merging their studies into the domain of Interfacial Mechanics. This book provides updated information based on recent research progresses in related areas, which includes new concepts, theories, methods, and results for contact and lubrication problems involving elastic or inelastic materials, homogeneous or inhomogeneous contacting bodies, using stochastic or deterministic models for dealing with rough surfaces. It also contains unified models and numerical methods for mixed lubrication studies, analyses of interfacial frictional and thermal behaviors, as well as theories for studying the effects of multiple fields on interfacial characteristics. The book intends to reflect the recent trends of research by focusing on numerical simulation and problem solving techniques for practical interfaces of engineered surfaces and materials. This book is written primarily for graduate and senior undergraduate students, engineers, and researchers in the fields of tribology, lubrication, surface engineering, materials science and engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Interfacial Phenomena: Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects, Second Edition
by Clarence A. Miller P. NeogiSince the publication of the first edition of Interfacial Phenomena, the interest in interfaces and surfactants has multiplied, along with their applications. Experimental and theoretical advances have provided scientists with greater insight into the structure, properties, and behavior of surfactant and colloid systems.Emphasizing equil
Interfacial Phenomena in Adhesion and Adhesive Bonding
by Shin Horiuchi Nao Terasaki Takayuki MiyamaeThis open access book reviews the recent research achievements of the investigation of interfacial phenomena in polymer/polymer and polymer/metal joint interfaces with the state-of-the-art analytical techniques not previously used in the field of adhesion and bonding. Adhesion performance is determined not only by the two-dimensional interfaces but also by a three-dimensional (3D) region having different properties and structural characteristics that extends into the bulk materials. In this book, the authors also discuss in detail the bonding mechanism by characterizing such 3D regions called “interphase”. The book is of great interest to researchers and engineers devoted to adhesion science and technology. Videos via app: download the SN More Media app for free, scan an image or a link with play button, and access videos directly on your smartphone or tablet.
Interfacial Physical Chemistry of High-Temperature Melts
by Kusuhiro Mukai Taishi MatsushitaThis English translation of a well-known Japanese book covers interfacial physicochemistry in materials science, especially for iron- and steelmaking processes. Interfacial Physical Chemistry of High-Temperature Melts bridges the gap between the basics and applications of physicochemistry. The book begins with an overview of the fundamentals of interfacial physical chemistry and discusses surface tension, describing the derivation of important equations to guide readers to a deep understanding of the phenomenon. The book then goes on to introduce interfacial properties of high-temperature melts, especially the Marangoni effect, and discusses applications to materials processing at high temperature focusing on recent research results by the author and the co-workers. This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students, and professionals in materials processing. Video clips of in-situ observation including experiments under microgravity condition and x-ray observation are available for download on the publisher's website to allow for a deeper understanding.
Interfacial Transition Zone in Cementitious Composites
by A. Katz, A. Bentur M. Alexander G. ArliguieThis book addresses the need to resolve the ITZ's influence on engineering and durability characteristics of cementious composites, identifies the systems and properties that are affected by it, and quantifies these effects in order to prepare the base for engineering design tools. This volume presents the proceedings of the Second International RI
Interfacial Transition Zone in Concrete
by C. Maso JAn important state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 108 ICC. It has been written by a team of leading international experts from the UK, USA, Canada, Israel, Germany, Denmark, South Africa, Italy and France.
Interfacing Bioelectronics and Biomedical Sensing
by Todd Coleman Ali Khademhosseini Hung Cao Tzung K. HsiaiThis book addresses the fundamental challenges underlying bioelectronics and tissue interface for clinical investigation. Appropriate for biomedical engineers and researchers, the authors cover topics ranging from retinal implants to restore vision, implantable circuits for neural implants, and intravascular electrochemical impedance to detect unstable plaques. In addition to these chapters, the authors also document the approaches and issues of multi-scale physiological assessment and monitoring in both humans and animal models for health monitoring and biological investigations; novel biomaterials such as conductive and biodegradable polymers to be used in biomedical devices; and the optimization of wireless power transfer via inductive coupling for batteryless and wireless implantable medical devices. In addition to engineers and researchers, this book is also an ideal supplementary or reference book for a number of courses in biomedical engineering programs, such as bioinstrumentation, MEMS/BioMEMS, bioelectronics and sensors, and more.Analyzes and discusses the electrode-tissue interfaces for optimization of biomedical devices.Introduces novel biomaterials to be used in next-generation biomedical devices.Discusses high-frequency transducers for biomedical applications.
Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation
by Carlos A. Cifuentes Marcela MúneraThe concepts represented in this textbook are explored for the first time in assistive and rehabilitation robotics, which is the combination of physical, cognitive, and social human-robot interaction to empower gait rehabilitation and assist human mobility. The aim is to consolidate the methodologies, modules, and technologies implemented in lower-limb exoskeletons, smart walkers, and social robots when human gait assistance and rehabilitation are the primary targets. This book presents the combination of emergent technologies in healthcare applications and robotics science, such as soft robotics, force control, novel sensing methods, brain-computer interfaces, serious games, automatic learning, and motion planning. From the clinical perspective, case studies are presented for testing and evaluating how those robots interact with humans, analyzing acceptance, perception, biomechanics factors, and physiological mechanisms of recovery during the robotic assistance or therapy. Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation will enable undergraduate and graduate students of biomedical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, robotics, and health sciences to understand the clinical needs, technology, and science of human-robot interaction behind robotic devices for rehabilitation, and the evidence and implications related to the implementation of those devices in actual therapy and daily life applications.
Interference Analysis: Modelling Radio Systems for Spectrum Management
by John PahlThe book describes how interference can be managed so that radio systems co-exist, without harmful mutual effects, within a finite amount of spectrum. This is timely in view of the increasing proliferation of wireless systems. It covers both the processes, such as regional or international coordination, as well as the engineering principles. Written by an author with extensive experience in the industry, it describes in detail the main methodologies for calculating or computing the interference between radio systems of the same type, and also between radio systems of different types
Interference Cancellation Using Space-Time Processing and Precoding Design
by Feng LiInterference Cancellation Using Space-Time Processing and Precoding Design introduces original design methods to achieve interference cancellation, low-complexity decoding and full diversity for a series of multi-user systems. In multi-user environments, co-channel interference will diminish the performance of wireless communications systems. In this book, we investigate how to design robust space-time codes and pre-coders to suppress the co-channel interference when multiple antennas are available. This book offers a valuable reference work for graduate students, academic researchers and engineers who are interested in interference cancellation in wireless communications. Rigorous performance analysis and various simulation illustrations are included for each design method. Dr. Feng Li is a scientific researcher at Cornell University.
Interference Coordination for 5G Cellular Networks
by Wei Zhang Lu YangThis SpringerBrief presents interference coordination techniques for future 5G cellular networks. Starting with an overview of existing interference management techniques, it focuses on practical interference coordination schemes based on beamforming and user scheduling. The proposed schemes aim to deal with the inter-cell interference in multi-cell MIMO networks, cross-tier interference in device-to-device communications underlaying cellular network, and inter-network interference in cognitive radio networks. The performances of the proposed schemes are evaluated both analytically and numerically in terms of several performance parameters, including the sum rate, multiplexing gain, and outage probability of the networks. The results show that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the effect of interference and improve the quality of service of the networks. Interference Coordination for 5G Cellular Networks is suitable for researchers and advanced students interested in interference coordination or 5G cellular networks.
Interference Management in Wireless Networks: Fundamental Bounds and the Role of Cooperation
by Venugopal V. Veeravalli Aly El GamalLearn about an information-theoretic approach to managing interference in future-generation wireless networks. Focusing on cooperative schemes motivated by coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology, the book develops a robust theoretical framework for interference management that uses recent advancements in backhaul design, and practical pre-coding schemes based on local cooperation, to deliver the increased speed and reliability promised by interference alignment. Gain insight into how simple, zero-forcing pre-coding schemes are optimal in locally connected interference networks, and discover how significant rate gains can be obtained by making cell association decisions and allocating backhaul resources based on centralized (cloud) processing and knowledge of network topology. Providing a link between information-theoretic analyses and interference management schemes that are easy to implement, this is an invaluable resource for researchers, graduate students, and practicing engineers in wireless communications.
Interference Mitigation in Device-to-Device Communications
by Masood Ur Rehman Ghazanfar Ali Safdar Mohammad Asad Rehman ChaudhryExplore this insightful foundational resource for academics and industry professionals dealing with the move toward intelligent devices and networks Interference Mitigation in Device-to-Device Communications delivers a thorough discussion of device-to-device (D2D) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications as solutions to the proliferation of ever more data hungry devices being attached to wireless networks. The book explores the use of D2D and M2M technologies as a key enabling component of 5G networks. It brings together a multidisciplinary team of contributors in fields like wireless communications, signal processing, and antenna design. The distinguished editors have compiled a collection of resources that practically and accessibly address issues in the development, integration, and enhancement of D2D systems to create an interference-free network. This book explores the complications posed by the restriction of device form-factors and the co-location of several electronic components in a small space, as well as the proximity of legacy systems operating in similar frequency bands. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to device-to-device communication, including its history and development over the last decade, network architecture, standardization issues, and regulatory and licensing hurdles An exploration of interference mitigation in device-to-device communication underlaying LTE-A networks A rethinking of device-to-device interference mitigation, including discussions of the challenges posed by the proliferation of devices An analysis of user pairing for energy efficient device-to-device content disseminationPerfect for researchers, academics, and industry professionals working on 5G networks, Interference Mitigation in Device-to-Device Communications will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate, graduate, and PhD students conducting research into wireless communications and applications, as well as policy makers and communications industry regulators.
Interference-optical Methods of Solid Mechanics
by Igor A. Razumovsky Galkin Anatoliy YakovlevichThis reference tutorial contains modern experimental approaches to analysis of strain-stress distribution based on interference-optical methods of registration of strain or displacement fields, including coherent-optical techniques (holographic interferometry, speckle photography, electronic digital speckle interferometry techniques) and photoelastic methods as well as the shadow optical method of caustic. The book describes the theory, efficient scope of application in the every-day practice and the problems of further development of these techniques. Much attention is paid to new and promising advanced developments in the field of observation and computational methods for study of residual stress, determination of fracture mechanics parameters and material deformation characteristics. The content corresponds to the course of lectures delivered by the author at the N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It is intended for technical university students, research engineers and postgraduate students who are doing analysis of strain-stress state and strength of structural elements.
Interferogram Analysis For Optical Testing
by Zacarias Malacara Manuel ServínIn this day of digitalization, you can work within the technology of optics without having to fully understand the science behind it. However, for those who wish to master the science, rather than merely be its servant, it's essential to learn the nuances, such as those involved with studying fringe patterns produced by optical testing interferometers.When Interferogram Analysis for Optical Testing originally came to print, it filled the need for an authoritative reference on this aspect of fringe analysis. That it was also exceptionally current and highly accessible made its arrival even more relevant. Of course, any book on something as cutting edge as interferogram analysis, no matter how insightful, isn't going to stay relevant forever. The second edition of Interferogram Analysis for Optical Testing is designed to meet the needs of all those involved or wanting to become involved in this area of advanced optical engineering. For those new to the science, it provides the necessary fundamentals, including basic computational methods for studying fringe patterns. For those with deeper experience, it fills in the gaps and adds the information necessary to complete and update one's education. Written by the most experienced researchers in optical testing, this text discusses classical and innovative fringe analysis, principles of Fourier theory, digital image filtering, phase detection algorithms, and aspheric wavelength testing. It also explains how to assess wavefront deformation by calculating slope and local average curvature.
Interferometry of Fibrous Materials
by N Barakat A A HamzaInterferometry of Fibrous Materials shows how interferometric methods can be used in optical, synthetic, and natural fiber analysis. This practical volume features a large number of both color and black and white interferograms to enhance understanding of how interferometry is used to determine a fibre's optical properties.
Intergenerational Connections in Digital Families
by Sakari TaipaleThis book provides a comprehensive review of how digital communication technology can help families network and communicate across generations, despite differences in family composition, residential location, cultural values and orientations. Covering the full spectrum of intergenerational relations (including child to parent, and parent to grandparent), it offers a positive view of the value of digital technology usage within families.The author focuses on three European countries: Finland, Italy and Slovenia, but also touches on other European countries and parts of the United States, revealing evidence that challenges ideas of universal adoption of information communication technology (ICT) and consistency in the social effects of such adoption in different regions and cultures. Further, the book discusses numerous other challenges and issues, such as:• the social transformations and technological developments that have made digital families possible;• the resulting changes in family roles, responsibilities, and practices; and• the theoretical and conceptual implications of digital communication-technology use in families.The author illustrates how ICT can facilitate family solidarity and how it helps to provide new ways of being together, and they discuss how social media, particularly instant messaging applications, helps develop affinity between family members better than traditional one-to-one personal communication tools. Combining highly nuanced material with fresh sociological thinking, it enhances readers’ theoretical understanding of the meaning of the ‘digital family’, making it a powerful resource for graduate and undergraduate students, as well as academics. Thanks to its structured format with easy-to-understand explanations, it appeals to practitioners and researchers alike.
Intergenerational Democracy, Environmental Justice and the Case of Nuclear Waste (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Lee Towers Matthew CottonThis book explores the interplay between intergenerational justice and intragenerational justice using nuclear waste management as a consistent case to explore these themes.Lee Towers and Matthew Cotton examine the issue of intergenerational justice from a social scientific perspective, drawing on central case studies of nuclear waste management in Canada, Finland, and the United Kingdom. They connect indigenous philosophies and notions of justice with the concept of intergenerational democracy, advocating for better inclusion of youth and elders in decision-making that affects their well-being. As such, the book’s primary objectives are fourfold: To assess whether trade-offs between intergenerational and intragenerational justice are necessary, and if so, what these trade-offs are and how they might be resolved.To critically assess dominant western liberal philosophical approaches that shape contemporary intergenerational justice thinking in policy and practice, and consider alternatives drawn from anthropology and indigenous philosophies.To assess how far our current capitalist system can achieve substantive forms of justice.To critically examine three nuclear waste management case studies and assess how far these achieve environmental and energy justice and how they exemplify tensions between inter- and intragenerational justice. This short, accessible volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, environmental justice, and ethics.
Interim Design Assessment for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant
by National Research CouncilIn 1996, Congress enacted directing the Department of Defense to assess and demonstrate technology alternatives to incineration for destruction of the chemical weapons stored at Pueblo Chemical and Blue Grass Army Depots. Since then, the National Research Council (NRC) has been carrying out evaluations of candidate technologies including reviews of engineering design studies and demonstration testing. Most recently, the NRC was asked by the Army to evaluate designs for pilot plants at Pueblo and Blue Grass. These pilot plants would use chemical neutralization for destroying the chemical agent and the energetics in the munitions stockpiles of these two depots. This report provides the interim assessment of the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) to permit adjustment of any significant problems as soon as possible. The report presents an analysis of the issues about the current PCAPP design and a series of findings and recommendations about ways to reduce concerns with involve the public more heavily in the process.
Interim Report for the Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, Phase II
by Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase IINanotechnology has become one of the defining ideas in global R&D over the past decade. In 2001 the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) was established as the U. S. government interagency program for coordinating nanotechnology research and development across deferral agencies and facilitating communication and collaborative activities in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology across the federal government. The 26 federal agencies that participate in the NNI collaborate to (1) advance world-class nanotechnology research and development; (2) foster the transfer of new technologies into products for commercial and public benefit; (3) develop and sustain educational resources, a skilled workforce and the supporting infrastructure and tools to advance nanotechnology; and (4) support the responsible development of nanotechnology. As part of the third triennial review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, the Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase II was asked to provide advice to the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee and the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office in three areas: Task 1 - Examine the role of the NNI in maximizing opportunities to transfer selected technologies to the private sector, provide an assessment of how well the NNI is carrying out this role, and suggest new mechanisms to foster transfer of technologies and improvements to NNI operations in this area where warranted. Task 2 - Assess the suitability of current procedures and criteria for determining progress towards NNI goals, suggest definitions of success and associated metrics, and provide advice on those organizations (government or non-government) that could perform evaluations of progress. Task 3 - Review NNI's management and coordination of nanotechnology research across both civilian and military federal agencies. Interim Report for the Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, Phase II offers initial comment on the committee's approach to Task 2 and offers initial comments on the current procedures and criteria for determining progress toward and achievement of the desired outcomes.
Interior Design: Conceptual Basis
by Anthony SullyThis book introduces interior design as a conceptual way of thinking, which is about ideas and how they are formulated. Now in its second edition, the book is enlarged to include topical subjects such as artificial intelligence, sustainability and climate change. The book prepares designers to focus on each concept independently as much as possible, whilst acknowledging relative connections without unwarranted influences unfairly dictating a conceptual bias, and is about that part of the design process called conceptual analysis. The major themes of this second edition of Interior Design: Conceptual Basis are the seven concepts of planning, circulation, 3D, construction, materials, colour and lighting, which cover the entire spectrum of a designer’s activity. It is assumed that the site, location, building and orientation as well as the client’s brief of activities and needs have been digested and analysed to provide the data upon which the design process can begin. Designed as a highly visual illustrative book, as the interior design medium demands, the hands-on creative process of designing is detailed with original drawn illustrations. Concentrating on the conceptual process of designing interiors, and defining what these concepts are, this book helps the designer to organise his/her process of designing and to sharpen the links between the various skill bases necessary to do the job. This book is stimulating for students and instructors alike and is aimed at any student who maybe majoring in interior design, interior architecture, architecture, design thinking or furniture design. It is also useful reference for students of design management and design leadership.
Interior Lighting: Fundamentals, Technology and Application
by Wout van BommelThis book outlines the underlying principles on which interior lighting should be based, provides detailed information on the lighting hardware available today and gives guidance for the design of interior lighting installations resulting in good visual performance and comfort, alertness and health.The book is divided into three parts. Part One discusses the fundamentals of the visual and non-visual mechanisms and the practical consequences for visual performance and comfort, for sleep, daytime alertness and performance, and includes chapters on age effects, therapeutic effects and hazardous effects of lighting. Part Two deals with the lighting hardware: lamps (with emphasis on LEDs), gear, drivers and luminaires including chapters about lighting controls and LEDs beyond lighting. Part Three is the application part, providing the link between theory and practice and supplying the reader with the knowledge needed for lighting design. It describes the relevant lighting criteria for good and efficient interior lighting and discusses the International, European and North American standards and recommendations for interior lighting.A particular focus is on solid state light sources (LEDs) and the possibility to design innovative, truly-sustainable lighting installations that are adaptable to changing circumstances. The design of such installations is difficult and the book offers details of the typical characteristics of the many different solid state light sources, and of the aspects determining the final quality of interior lighting.Essential reading for interior lighting designers, lighting engineers and architects, the book will also be a useful reference for researchers and students.Reviews of Road Lighting by the same author:"If you are going to design streetlighting, you must read this book....a solid, comprehensive textbook written by an acknowledged expert in the field – if you have a query about any aspect of streetlighting design, you will find the answer here.” – LUX, August 2015 “…a realy comprehensive book dealing with every aspect of the subject well…essential text for reference on this subject” – Lighting Journal, March 2015
Interkosmos
by Bert Vis Colin BurgessThis book focuses on the Interkosmos program, which was formed in 1967, marking a fundamentally new era of cooperation by socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, in the study and exploration of space. The chapters shed light on the space program that was at that time a prime outlet for the Soviet Union's aims at becoming a world power. Interkosmos was a highly publicized Russian space program that rapidly became a significant propaganda tool for the Soviet Union in the waning years of communism. Billed as an international "research-cosmonaut" imperative, it was also a high-profile means of displaying solidarity with the nine participating Eastern bloc countries. Those countries contributed pilots who were trained in Moscow for week-long "guest" missions on orbiting Salyut stations. They did a little subsidiary science and were permitted only the most basic mechanical maneuvers. In this enthralling new book, and following extensive international research, the authors fully explore the background, accomplishments and political legacy of the Interkosmos program. Through personal and often highly revealing interviews with many of the participants they relate the very human story behind this extraordinary but controversial space venture. .
Interlinking of Rivers in India: Issues and Concerns
by M. Monirul Qader Mirza Ahsan Uddin Ahmed Qazi Kholiquzzaman AhmadInter-basin water transfers are complex human interventions on natural systems that can have profound adverse as well as beneficial social, economic and environmental implications. India‘s plan to interlink its rivers (ILR) and to transfer water may, according to one set of views, generate positive benefits through improved and expanded irrigation