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Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia: Sharing Lessons of Agriculture, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Resource Management (SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies)
by Tetsuji Ito Makoto Tamura Akihiko Kotera Yuki Ishikawa-IshiwataThis Open Access book’s main focus is agriculture and natural resource management, disaster risk reduction, and human resource development in the countries of East and Southeast Asia and Japan.Asia is one of the regions which is the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. More than sixty percent of the world’s people live in the region, making it the growth center of the world. Asia is vast and includes various countries and regions, this book is focused on East and Southeast Asia including Japan. It is essential to share the knowledge and experiences for adapting climate change among these areas.In order to tackle these issues, the book aims to:Promote inter-local lessons learnt sharing climate change adaptations; "agriculture and natural resource management" and "disaster risk reduction and human resource development"Provides insights into new adaptation measures and research approaches that can consider the regional nature of Southeast AsiaShare practical adaptation options permeated by society in each country/regionThis book will be of interest to researchers and students examining climate change impacts in East and Southeast Asia.
The Interloper: Lee Harvey Oswald Inside the Soviet Union
by Peter SavodnikLee Harvey Oswald’s assassination of President Kennedy in 1963 remains one of the most horrifying and hotly debated crimes in American history. Just as perplexing as the assassination is the assassin himself; the 24-year-old Oswald’s hazy background and motivations#151;and his subsequent murder at the hands of Jack Ruby#151;make him an intriguing yet frustratingly enigmatic figure. Because Oswald briefly defected to the Soviet Union, some historians allege he was a Soviet agent. But as Peter Savodnik shows in The Interloper, Oswald’s time in the U. S. S. R. reveals a stranger, more chilling story. Oswald ventured to Russia at the age of 19, after a failed stint in the U. S. Marine Corps and a childhood spent shuffling from address to address with his unstable, needy mother. Like many of his generation, Oswald struggled for a sense of belonging in postwar American society, which could be materialistic, atomized, and alienating. The Soviet Union, with its promise of collectivism and camaraderie, seemed to offer an alternative. While traveling in Europe, Oswald slipped across the Soviet border, soon settling in Minsk where he worked at a radio and television factory. But Oswald quickly became just as disillusioned with his adopted country as he had been with the United States. He spoke very little Russian, had difficulty adapting to the culture of his new home, and found few trustworthy friends; indeed most, it became clear, were informing on him to the KGB. After nearly three years, Oswald returned to America feeling utterly defeated and more alone than ever#151;and as Savodnik shows, he began to look for an outlet for his frustration and rage. Drawing on groundbreaking research, including interviews with Oswald’s friends and acquaintances in Russia and the United States, The Interloper brilliantly evokes the shattered psyche not just of Oswald himself, but also of the era he so tragically defined.
Intermediate Classical Mechanics
by Yih-Hsing Pao Li-Sheng WangThis book describes the basic concepts and principles of classical mechanics in the intermediate level. Given the perspective that different mechanical problems require an appropriate approach drawn from various methods or principles, a textbook discussing multiple methods or principles in mechanics is highly desirable. Additionally, a good textbook should include historical context on the motivation and the development of the methods or principles, allowing students to gain insights that may help them discover new theories. However, after many years of teaching Dynamics in the graduate school, the authors were unable to find a suitable intermediate-level textbook on classical mechanics, which motivated them to begin writing this book. For the aforementioned reasons, this book includes the descriptions of various methods or principles in mechanics, such as the Newton-Euler Principle, the d’Alembert Principle, Lagrangian methods, Gauss’s Principle of Least Constraint, the Gibbs-Appell equation, Jourdain’s equation, the Principle of Virtual Power, the Appell-Kane method, the Hamilton Principle, and the Hamiltonian mechanics, among others. Moreover, many historical remarks on the motivation and the development of the methods or principles are given in this book, as well as numerous applications. The authors also believe that in studying the motion of a material body, different models may be used depending on the application. If the position of the body is of interest, a particle model may be chosen. If the orientation or attitude of the body is under consideration, a rigid body model should be adopted. If deformation is a concern, a model of deformable body should be applied. Consequently, a book in mechanics for engineers should encompass a variety of models of the body, ranging from particles to continua such as solids or fluids. This book also meets that need.
The Intermediate Finite Element Method: Fluid Flow And Heat Transfer Applications (Series In Computational Methods And Physical Processes In Mechanics And Thermal Sciences Ser.)
by Darrell W. Pepper Juan C. HeinrichThis book is a follow-up to the introductory text written by the same authors. The primary emphasis on this book is linear and nonlinear partial differential equations with particular concentration on the equations of viscous fluid motion. Each chapter describes a particular application of the finite element method and illustrates the concepts through example problems. A comprehensive appendix lists computer codes for 2-D fluid flow and two 3-D transient codes.
Intermediate Fluid Mechanics
by Robert H. NunnNunn provides an overview of the topic of fluid mechanics, a subject often considered essential in college engineering programs.
Intermediate GNVQ Construction and the Built Environment, 2nd ed
by Des Millward Kemal Ahmet Jeff AttfieldGNVQ Construction and the Built Environment: Intermediate provides essential coverage of the general skills, knowledge and understanding required for the four mandatory units in the Intermediate GNVQ. The book covers all the underpinning knowledge the student needs to know to satisfy the evidence indicators of the course and this is reinforced by worked examples, short answer questions as well as some more detailed assignments. This second edition has been revised in line with the 1997 content revision. Each chapter is written around the specifications of one unit and includes: brief introduction key areas covered by the chapter list of key learning objectives, drawn from the performance criteria key terms picked out in bold type, and included in glossary student tasks interspersed throughout the text improved integration of key skillsWhile the text is primarily designed to satisfy the requirements of the Intermediate GNVQ course, it can also be used as a reference source at Foundation level.
Intermediate Heat Transfer
by Kau-Fui Vincent WongEquipping practicing engineers and students with the tools to independently assess and understand complex material on the topic, this text is an ideal precursor to advanced heat transfer courses. Intermediate Heat Transfer discusses numerical analysis in conduction and convection, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, conduction through a sla
Intermediate Offshore Foundations
by Steve Kay Susan Gourvenec Elisabeth Palix Etienne AlderliesteThe late Steve Kay was an independent geotechnical consultant with thirtythree years’ experience as a principal engineer with Fugro, and over fortyfive years as a geotechnical specialist, mainly in the oil and gas industry, both with contractors and consultants. His expertise was in shallow and intermediate (caisson, bucket, can) foundation design, with extensive worldwide experience in offshore, nearshore and land engineering. He gave suction foundation courses and master classes and wrote the commercially available software package CAISSON_VHM. Susan Gourvenec is Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies in Intelligent & Resilient Ocean Engineering, and Professor of Offshore Geotechnical Engineering at the University of Southampton, UK. Susan is currently Convenor of the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) committee responsible for developing industry standards for marine soil investigation, marine geophysical investigation and offshore geotechnical design. Susan co-authored Offshore Geotechnical Engineering (CRC Press, 2011) and co-edited the proceedings of the inaugural and second International Symposia on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG). Elisabeth Palix has eighteen years’ experience in offshore geotechnics. She spent twelve years working for Fugro Geoconsulting before joining EDF Renouvelables, where she is working on design and installation aspects of offshore projects. Elisabeth is also a member of the TC 209 (ISSMGE) and has been involved in several geotechnical R&D projects (e.g. SOLCYP, SOLCYP+, PISA, Unified CPT-based methods). Etienne Alderlieste is a senior geotechnical researcher/consultant for Deltares, where he is working on installation and in-place capacity of intermediate and shallow offshore foundations. Before joining Deltares, Etienne worked as Senior Geotechnical Engineer at SPT Offshore, where he designed suction foundations for the oil, gas and offshore wind industry. He has also installed and reinstalled numerous single-suction anchors and several jacket structures with suction foundations worldwide.
Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology
by Russell K. Hobbie Bradley J. RothThis classic text has been used in over 20 countries by advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biophysics, physiology, medical physics, neuroscience, and biomedical engineering. It bridges the gap between an introductory physics course and the application of physics to the life and biomedical sciences. Extensively revised and updated, the fifth edition incorporates new developments at the interface between physics and biomedicine. New coverage includes cyclotrons, photodynamic therapy, color vision, x-ray crystallography, the electron microscope, cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation, nanomedicine, and other topics highlighted in the National Research Council report BIO2010. As with the previous edition, the first half of the text is primarily biological physics, emphasizing the use of ideas from physics to understand biology and physiology, and the second half is primarily medical physics, describing the use of physics in medicine for diagnosis (mainly imaging) and therapy. Among the many topics carried forward are thorough treatments of forces in the skeletal system, fluid flow, the logistic equation, scaling, equilibrium in statistical mechanics, the chemical potential and free energy, transport, membranes and osmosis, magnetic and electrical signals from nerves and the heart, membranes and gated channels in membranes, biological magnetic fields, linear and nonlinear feedback systems, including biological clocks and chaotic behavior, biological signal analysis, hearing and medical ultrasound, atoms and light, optical coherence tomography, radiometry and photometry, the interaction of photons and charged particles in tissue, radiological physics and the use of x-rays in diagnosis and therapy, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging. Discussion of theory is closely linked to experiment. Prior courses in physics and in calculus are assumed. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology, Fifth Edition is also ideal for self study and as a reference for workers in medical and biological research. Over 850 problems test and enhance the student's understanding and provide additional biological examples. A solutions manual is available to instructors. Each chapter has an extensive list of references.
Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
by Zongping Shao Moses O. TadéThis book discusses recent advances in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), focusing on material development and design, mechanism study, reaction kinetics and practical applications. It consists of five chapters presenting different types of reactions and materials employed in electrolytes, cathodes, anodes, interconnects and sealants for IT-SOFCs. It also includes two chapters highlighting new aspects of these solid oxide fuel cells and exploring their practical applications. This insightful and useful book appeals to a wide readership in various fields, including solid oxide fuel cells, electrochemistry, membranes and ceramics. Zongping Shao is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and the College of Energy, Nanjing University of Technology, China. Moses O. Tade is a Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Australia.
Intermittency Equation for Transitional Flow (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Ekachai JuntasaroThis book provides the intermittency equation that is derived a priori. Since the intermittency equation is mathematically obtained, the resulting gamma transition model no longer requires any extra parameters and terms to explicitly account for free-stream turbulence and pressure gradient like the previous transition models. Instead, the present gamma transition model can naturally predict natural transition and effects of free-stream turbulence and pressure gradient on the transition process. Furthermore, the present gamma transition model requires much fewer model constants than the previous transition models. The book is beneficial for CFD researchers in industry and academia who confront modern complex applications involving simultaneously laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes, and ideally relevant to graduate students in applied physics, applied mathematics and engineering who are interested in the world of laminar-to-turbulent transition modeling in CFD, or would like to further advance more realistic transition models in the future.
Intermittent and Nonstationary Drying Technologies: Principles and Applications (Advances in Drying Science and Technology)
by Azharul Karim Chung-Lim LawThe first comprehensive book on intermittent drying, Intermittent and Nonstationary Drying Technologies: Principles and Applications demonstrates the benefits of this process and covers key issues, including technologies, effect of operating parameters, mathematical modelling, energy-efficiency, and product quality. It discusses such topics as periodic drying, conventional and intermittent food drying processes and food quality, relationship among intermittency of drying, microstructural changes, and food quality, microwave assisted pulsed fluidized and spouted bed drying, and cellular level water distribution. Aimed at food engineers, chemical product engineers, pharmaceutical engineers and technologists, plant design engineers, and researchers and students in these areas, this useful reference helps readers:
Intermodal Freight Transport
by David LoweThis book provides an introduction to the whole concept of intermodal freight transport, the means of delivering goods using two or more transport modes, recounting both European experience and UK developments and reporting on the extensive political influences on this form of transport. This is placed into context with reference to developments in North America and Asia.Detailed explanations are given of the road and rail vehicles, the loading units and the transfer equipment used in such operations. In particular, the role of the Channel Tunnel in the development of long-haul combined transport operations between the UK and Europe is considered.
Intermodal Freight Transport and Logistics
by Jason Monios Rickard BergqvistApplying sophisticated management techniques to freight transport offers the potential for significant cost savings as well as greater efficiency. Yet the inherent complexity of intermodal transport presents many challenges. <P><P> This practical textbook on the operations of intermodal transport and logistics focuses on the practical concerns and the basics of operations, such as vehicles, containers, handling operations, logistics management and optimisation. All chapters are written by field specialists, and the volume includes additional chapters on economics, law and the environment to put the practical topics into context. <P><P> It presents a balanced textbook for postgraduate students and also a reference text for those in industry or the public sector involved in the planning of intermodal freight transport.
Internal and External Stabilization of Linear Systems with Constraints
by Peddapullaiah Sannuti Ali Saberi Anton A. StoorvogelUnifying two decades of research, this book is the first to establish a comprehensive foundation for a systematic analysis and design of linear systems with general state and input constraints. For such systems, which can be used as models for most nonlinear systems, the issues of stability, controller design, additonal constraints, and satisfactory performance are addressed. The book is an excellent reference for practicing engineers, graduate students, and researchers in control systems theory and design. It may also serve as an advanced graduate text for a course or a seminar in nonlinear control systems theory and design in applied mathematics or engineering departments. Minimal prerequisites include a first graduate course in state-space methods as well as a first course in control systems design.
Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives
by Edwin BlackThis book describes the history of corruption and manipulation that has subjected the U.S. and the world to the petroleum industry and private car usage.
Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019: Proceedings of the International Conference on Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport, (ICEPSFT 2019), December 11-12, 2019, Birmingham, UK
by ImecheWith the changing landscape of the transport sector, there are also alternative powertrain systems on offer that can run independently of or in conjunction with the internal combustion (IC) engine. This shift has actually helped the industry gain traction with the IC Engine market projected to grow at 4.67% CAGR during the forecast period 2019-2025. It continues to meet both requirements and challenges through continual technology advancement and innovation from the latest research. With this in mind, the contributions in Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 not only cover the particular issues for the IC engine market but also reflect the impact of alternative powertrains on the propulsion industry. The main topics include: • Engines for hybrid powertrains and electrification• IC engines• Fuel cells• E-machines• Air-path and other technologies achieving performance and fuel economy benefits• Advances and improvements in combustion and ignition systems• Emissions regulation and their control by engine and after-treatment• Developments in real-world driving cycles• Advanced boosting systems• Connected powertrains (AI)• Electrification opportunities• Energy conversion and recovery systems• Modified or novel engine cycles• IC engines for heavy duty and off highway Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 provides a forum for IC engine, fuels and powertrain experts, and looks closely at developments in powertrain technology required to meet the demands of the low carbon economy and global competition in all sectors of the transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries.
Internal Combustion Processes of Liquid Rocket Engines: Modeling and Numerical Simulations
by Zhen-Guo WangThis book concentrates on modeling and numerical simulations of combustion in liquid rocket engines, covering liquid propellant atomization, evaporation of liquid droplets, turbulent flows, turbulent combustion, heat transfer, and combustion instability. It presents some state of the art models and numerical methodologies in this area. The book can be categorized into two parts. Part 1 describes the modeling for each subtopic of the combustion process in the liquid rocket engines. Part 2 presents detailed numerical methodology and several representative applications in simulations of rocket engine combustion.
Internal Components (Mitchell's Building Series)
by Alan BlancThis book and its companion volume External Components encourage an evaluation of alternative methods for putting components together. Both use contemporary case studies to relate component design to real building.
Internal Erosion in Earthdams, Dikes and Levees: Proceedings Of Ewg-ie 26th Annual Meeting 2018 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #17)
by Stéphane Bonelli Cristina Jommi Donatella SterpiThis book gathers the peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the European Working Group on Internal Erosion in Embankment Dams, Levees and Dikes, and their Foundations (EWG-IE), held in Milano, Italy, on 10-13 September 2018. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to soil internal erosion in water retaining structures. The contributions encompass various aspects of laboratory techniques and findings, modelling and design criteria as well as prevention measures and field assessment. The book is a valuable, up-to-date tool that provides an essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and inspires further investigations and research.
Internal Erosion of Dams and Their Foundations: Selected and Reviewed Papers from the Workshop on Internal Erosion and Piping of Dams and their Foundations, Aussois, France, 25-27 April 2005
by Robin Fell Jean-Jacques FryInternal erosion and piping in embankments and their foundations is the main cause of failures and accidents to embankment dams. For new dams, the potential for internal erosion and piping can be controlled by good design and construction of the core of the dam and provision of filters to intercept seepage through the embankment and the foundations
INTERNAL EROSION OF EXISTING DAMS, LEVEES AND DIKES, AND THEIR FOUNDATIONS / L’ÉROSION INTERNE DANS LES BARRAGES ET DIGUES EN EXPLOITATION ET LEUR FONDATION: Case histories, Investigations, Testing, Remediation and Surveillance / Études de cas, Reconnaissances, Essais, Réparation et Surveillance (ICOLD Bulletins Series)
by CIGB ICOLDICOLD Bulletin 164 Volume 2 presents case histories of internal erosion failures and incidents, and advises on the investigations, sampling and testing that can be used to provide the data needed to carry out analyses of the vulnerability of dams and levees to internal erosion. It also advises on remediation, if analyses have demonstrated that it is necessary, and on surveillance and monitoring systems to check and confirm the continuing ability of the dam to resist internal erosion in the long-term.The Working Group on Internal Erosion has brought together experts from all continents at annual meetings and their work provides the basis for most of Volume 2. Information on case histories has been most generously provided by owners and engineers, recognizing that such information will contribute to preventing tragic events in future. The work of specialists in laboratory testing and geophysics who have contributed actively to the Working Group over many years is now accessible to dam engineers in the chapters on investigations and monitoring in ICOLD Bulletin 164 Volume 2.Le ICOLD Bulletin 164 Volume 2 présente des cas de ruptures et d'incidents par érosion interne et donne des conseils sur les reconnaissances, les prélèvements et les essais qui peuvent fournir les données nécessaires à l'analyse de la tenue des barrages et digues à l'érosion interne. Il donne également des conseils sur les mesures correctives, quand elles sont jugées nécessaires par l’évaluation du risque d’érosion interne, et sur les systèmes de surveillance et de contrôle permettant de vérifier et de confirmer la capacité permanente du barrage à résister à l'érosion interne à long terme. Le groupe de travail sur l'érosion interne a réuni des experts de tous les continents et leurs travaux constituent la base de la majeure partie du volume 2. Les maîtres d'ouvrage et les ingénieurs ont généreusement fourni des informations sur les études de cas, reconnaissant que ces informations contribueront à prévenir à l'avenir de tels événements tragiques. Le travail des géotechniciens et des géophysiciens, qui ont activement contribué au groupe de travail pendant de nombreuses années, est maintenant accessible aux ingénieurs des barrages dans les chapitres du ICOLD Bulletin 164 Volume 2 sur les reconnaissances et la surveillance.
Internal Swelling Reactions in Concrete: Mechanisms and Condition Assessment
by Leandro F. SanchezAs critical concrete infrastructure deteriorates, engineers need efficient and reliable techniques to appraise the causes and the extent of deterioration, to evaluate the structural consequences and to select effective management protocols and rehabilitation strategies. This book looks at deterioration caused by internal swelling reaction (ISR) mechanisms in concrete, such as alkali-aggregate reaction, delayed ettringite formation and freeze-thaw cycles.The book provides accessible and comprehensive coverage of recent work and developments on the most common ISR mechanisms leading to induced expansion and deterioration. It addresses the implications of ISR on different scales (micro, meso and macro), outlines qualitative and quantitative techniques to assess the condition of affected concrete and introduces the multi-level assessment protocol, using advanced microscopic and mechanical techniques, particularly the stiffness damage test and damage rating index, as a reliable approach to appraise ISR-affected infrastructure. Also included is a detailed case study of the Robert-Bourassa Charest Overpass in Quebec.Internal Swelling Reactions in Concrete: Mechanisms and Condition Assessment is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as academics interested in the field of concrete durability and condition assessment of concrete. It will also be of interest to engineers and infrastructure owners dealing with ISR-related problems.
Internally Compensated LDO Regulators for Modern System-on-Chip Design
by José María Hinojo Clara Luján Martínez Antonio TorralbaThis book presents a thorough state-of-the-art review for internally compensated Low Dropout Regulators (IC-LDO). It serves as a useful guide for circuit designers. The advantages and disadvantages of each cell proposed are highlighted. The authors describe an alternative to the classical topology; the Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF), which has been recently applied in the design of internally compensated LDOs to enhance their performances. This book provides novel circuits enhancing those parameters of LDO related with frequency behavior and power consumption. These solutions, as well as their appropriate design methodology, are properly described within the text.
The International African Library: Zimbabwe's Migrants and South Africa's Border Farms
by Maxim BoltDuring the Zimbabwean crisis, millions crossed through the apartheid-era border fence, searching for ways to make ends meet. Maxim Bolt explores the lives of Zimbabwean migrant labourers, of settled black farm workers and their dependants, and of white farmers and managers, as they intersect on the border between Zimbabwe and South Africa. Focusing on one farm, this book investigates the role of a hub of wage labour in a place of crisis. A close ethnographic study, it addresses the complex, shifting labour and life conditions in northern South Africa's agricultural borderlands. Underlying these challenges are the Zimbabwean political and economic crisis of the 2000s and the intensified pressures on commercial agriculture in South Africa following market liberalization and post-apartheid land reform. But, amidst uncertainty, farmers and farm workers strive for stability. The farms on South Africa's margins are centers of gravity, islands of residential labour in a sea of informal arrangements.