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Advancing Women in Engineering: Deciphering Key Factors in Training, Retention and Support (Diversity and Inclusion Research)
by John Gales Bronwyn ChorltonThe percentage of women applying for engineering licensure remains well below the percentage of women enrolling in engineering undergraduate programs--an issue of retention that continues throughout women engineers' career trajectories. Although there have been many efforts on the recruitment side to attract people of varying genders to study engineering and join the profession, such efforts are ineffective if this diverse population is not retained in engineering. This book identifies the factors affecting the recruitment of women into, and the retention of women in the engineering profession. The authors examine the experience of male and female students at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate levels to better understand women's experiences at each stage in their careers through to becoming industry members or academics. Issues such as intimidation and discouragement at the undergraduate level, disproportionate funding and support at a graduate student level, and the correlation between retention and opportunities for collaboration at an industry/academic level are discussed. The book concludes by highlighting the key findings affecting the retention of women in engineering and offers potential solutions. The findings covered in this book may be used by engineering postsecondary institutions and workplaces to create a more diverse and inclusive environment. This book is also useful to researchers, scholars, students, and academics interested in the retention of women in STEM industries.
The Advancing World of Applied Electromagnetics: In Honor and Appreciation of Magdy Fahmy Iskander
by Akhlesh Lakhtakia Cynthia M. Furse Tom G. MackayThis book commemorates five decades of research by Professor Magdy F. Iskander (Life Fellow IEEE) on materials and devices for the radiation, propagation, scattering, and applications of electromagnetic waves, chiefly in the MHz-THz frequency range as well on electromagnetics education. This synopsis of electromagnetics, stemming from the life and times of just one person, is meant to inspire junior researchers and reinvigorate mid-level researchers in the electromagnetics community. The authors of this book are internationally known researchers, including 12 IEEE fellows, who highlight interesting research and new directions in theoretical, experimental, and applied electromagnetics.Provides a single-source reference to many of the most significant developments of the past 5 decades in theoretical, experimental, and applied electromagnetics;Offers readers in each sub-discipline discussed current research trends, the state of the art, the chief toolsneeded in that area, and the vision of a research leader for that area;Includes content of particular interest in Antennas and Propagation, as well as Microwave Theory and Techniques.
Adventure Diffusion: From Meandering Molecules to the Spreading of Plants, Humans, and Ideas
by Gero VoglThis easy-to read book looks at the many ways in which diffusion bears on processes that involve dispersion, starting from the Brownian motion of molecules, covering the invasion of exotic plants, migration of populations, epidemics, and extending to the spreading of languages and ideas. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding migrations, diffusion and spreading outside the “hard” natural sciences of physics and chemistry, for example the spreading of plants introduced as a result of globalization. Another fascinating story is that of human migration in the distant past, i.e. the immigration of our ancestors who brought agriculture from the Near East, or the fast spread of the Palaeo-Indians into the Americas after the end of the Ice Age. Likewise, the spread of languages in the past, and even more so the current spread and retreat of languages will be described here in terms of diffusion. By understanding these principles, there is hope that some of the less common languages that are threatened by globalization can be saved. Another important implication discussed by the author concerns the outbreak of epidemics; these may be mitigated if we understand their spreading mechanism. Last but not least the spreading of ideas and innovations, a process which changes the world sometimes faster than we wish, can also be usefully described in this picture.
Adventure Girls! STEM Crafts: 40 Activities for Curious, Creative, Courageous Girls (Adventure Crafts for Kids)
by Dr. Megan Olivia Hall PhD, MEdInspire girls to build and create with fun, hands-on STEM crafts for ages 6 to 12 The world needs adventurous girls to lead the way to a brighter future! Help them discover new things about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) with this collection of engaging crafts for girls. As they learn and have fun with each project, they'll boost their critical-thinking skills, creativity, and self-confidence, too. What sets this book of STEM crafts apart: No parents required!—Encourage independence with arts & crafts that can be made with basic household materials and include kid-friendly, step-by-step instructions. Skill-building projects—Every project, from creating a Newton's cradle to knitting a DNA garland, incorporates basic STEM principles to help curious girls learn more about the world around them. Adventure girl challenges—Bonus activities and fun facts sprinkled throughout the book will inspire girls to dive deeper into the concepts and skills they're learning. Help girls have a blast discovering the secrets of the STEM universe through educational crafts for kids.
Adventure Tourism: Environmental Impacts and Management
by David Huddart Tim StottThis textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of adventure tourism and how these can be best managed. This volume follows on from the authors previous textbook – ‘Outdoor Recreation: Environmental Impacts and Management’ and continues the aim of developing a deeper understanding of how tourist numbers impact the environment and to provide practical solutions to these problems. Combining their own first-hand experience and research with extensive literature review the authors' present several popular adventure tourism destinations from across the globe, including the Arctic, the Himalayas, Africa, Australia and Scotland as case studies. Chapters cover the particular challenges faced by each region: including impacts on animals and birds; the spread of invasive plant species and diseases; trail impacts on vegetation; impacts on geological, historical and archaeological sites and pollution and waste issues. A discussion and evaluation of the possible management actions for minimising these impacts and how outdoor recreation tourists can be regulated concludes each chapter. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of adventure tourism and outdoor recreation as well as practitioners and managers working in the field.
Adventures in Contemporary Electromagnetic Theory
by Tom G. Mackay Akhlesh LakhtakiaThis book describes the most recent advances in electromagnetic theory, motivated and partly informed by developments in engineering science and nanotechnology. The collection of chapters provided in this edited book, authored by leading experts in the field, offers a bird’s eye view of recent progress in electromagnetic theory, spanning a wide range of topics of current interest, ranging from fundamental issues to applications.
Adventures in Volcanoland: What Volcanoes Tell Us About the World and Ourselves
by Tamsin MatherA mix of memoir, travel and popular science, charting journeys across deserts, through jungles and up ice caps, to some of the most important volcanoes around the world In this captivating book from one of the most influential geochemists in the field, Tamsin Mather takes us along on her globe-spanning excursions from Nicaragua to Hawaii, Santorini to Ethiopia and beyond. With warmth and lyricism, she explores the cultural roles volcanoes play throughout history, and the growing and evolving science behind their formation and eruptions.Adventures in Volcanoland is an urgent and poetic exploration into the world's most mysterious geological mountains and how they make and shape our world.
Adversarial Multimedia Forensics (Advances in Information Security #104)
by Ehsan Nowroozi Kassem Kallas Alireza JolfaeiThis book explores various aspects of digital forensics, security and machine learning, while offering valuable insights into the ever-evolving landscape of multimedia forensics and data security. This book’s content can be summarized in two main areas. The first area of this book primarily addresses techniques and methodologies related to digital image forensics. It discusses advanced techniques for image manipulation detection, including the use of deep learning architectures to generate and manipulate synthetic satellite images. This book also explores methods for face recognition under adverse conditions and the importance of forensics in criminal investigations. Additionally, the book highlights anti-forensic measures applied to photos and videos, focusing on their effectiveness and trade-offs.The second area of this book focuses on the broader landscape of security, including the detection of synthetic human voices, secure deep neural networks (DNNs) and federated learning in the context of machine learning security. It investigates novel methods for detecting synthetic human voices using neural vocoder artifacts, and it explores the vulnerabilities and security challenges of federated learning in the face of adversarial attacks. Furthermore, this book delves into the realms of linguistic steganography and steganalysis, discussing the evolving techniques that utilize deep learning and natural language processing to enhance payload and detection accuracy.Overall, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the ever-evolving field of digital forensics and security, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and students interested in image forensics, machine learning security and information protection. It equips readers with the latest knowledge and tools to address the complex challenges posed by the digital landscape. Professionals working in this related field will also find this book to be a valuable resource.
Advice for a Young Investigator
by Santiago Ramón y Cajal Neely Swanson Larry W. SwansonSantiago Ramón y Cajal was a mythic figure in science. Hailed as the father of modern anatomy and neurobiology, he was largely responsible for the modern conception of the brain. His groundbreaking works were New Ideas on the Structure of the Nervous System and Histology of the Nervous System in Man and Vertebrates. In addition to leaving a legacy of unparalleled scientific research, Cajal sought to educate the novice scientist about how science was done and how he thought it should be done. This recently rediscovered classic, first published in 1897, is an anecdotal guide for the perplexed new investigator as well as a refreshing resource for the old pro. Cajal was a pragmatist, aware of the pitfalls of being too idealistic -- and he had a sense of humor, particularly evident in his diagnoses of various stereotypes of eccentric scientists. The book covers everything from valuable personality traits for an investigator to social factors conducive to scientific work.
Advice for the Novice Investigator: Examples Taken from Movement Sciences
by Nick StergiouThis book is intended to help young and novice scientists by providing them with advice on how to overcome adversities. This advice comes in the form of numerous examples from the author’s career but also from the careers of many other scientists. It follows the thinking process of Ramon Y Cajal and his famous book, "Advice for a Young Investigator." It covers a variety of topics and areas that are fundamental in becoming a successful scientist. It presents chapters on all essential areas of the scientific life that appeal to a wide range of audiences, from the senior undergraduate student to the university administrator to the chief scientist in the industry. Some figures in the eBook are in color. Features Contains practical advice and many hints on a variety of topics; from how to write a grant to how to effectively manage your time Displays many examples of success and failure from other scientists that can teach valuable lessons Provides many personal stories and anecdotes in a form of sincere confessions Includes PowerPoint Presentation slides for each chapter for any academicians that want to develop such a class in their institutions
Advice to a Young Scientist
by P. B. MedawarTo those interested in a life in science, Sir Peter Medawar, Nobel laureate, deflates the myths of invincibility, superiority, and genius; instead, he demonstrates it is common sense and an inquiring mind that are essential to the scientist’s calling. He deflates the myths surrounding scientists--invincibility, superiority, and genius; instead, he argues that it is common sense and an inquiring mind that are essential to the makeup of a scientist. He delivers many wry observations on how to choose a research topic, how to get along wih collaborators and older scientists and administrators, how (and how not) to present a scientific paper, and how to cope with culturally ”superior” specialists in the arts and humanities.
Advocating Weapons, War, and Terrorism: Technological and Rhetorical Paradox (RSA Series in Transdisciplinary Rhetoric #9)
by Ian E. HillTechnē’s Paradox—a frequent theme in science fiction—is the commonplace belief that technology has both the potential to annihilate humanity and to preserve it. Advocating Weapons, War, and Terrorism looks at how this paradox applies to some of the most dangerous of technologies: population bombs, dynamite bombs, chemical weapons, nuclear weapons, and improvised explosive devices.Hill’s study analyzes the rhetoric used to promote such weapons in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By examining Thomas R. Malthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population, the courtroom address of accused Haymarket bomber August Spies, the army textbook Chemical Warfare by Major General Amos A. Fries and Clarence J. West, the life and letters of Manhattan Project physicist Leo Szilard, and the writings of Ted “Unabomber” Kaczynski, Hill shows how contemporary societies are equipped with abundant rhetorical means to describe and debate the extreme capacities of weapons to both destroy and protect. The book takes a middle-way approach between language and materialism that combines traditional rhetorical criticism of texts with analyses of the persuasive force of weapons themselves, as objects, irrespective of human intervention. Advocating Weapons, War, and Terrorism is the first study of its kind, revealing how the combination of weapons and rhetoric facilitated the magnitude of killing in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and illuminating how humanity understands and acts upon its propensity for violence. This book will be invaluable for scholars of rhetoric, scholars of science and technology, and the study of warfare.
The Aegean Sea Environment: The Geodiversity of the Natural System (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #127)
by Andrey G. Kostianoy Christos L. Anagnostou Ilias D. Mariolakos Panayotis Panayotidis Marina Soilemezidou Grigoris TsaltasThis is the first of three Books that together provide an integrated picture of the Aegean Sea, presenting the natural components of the system (Book I and Book II) as well as the human presence in the extended area (Book III). The Aegean Sea, also called Aegean Archipelagos, is an open, complex, and diverse marine system situated between the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean, with different compartments and interactions. This book provides an in-depth exploration of the Aegean Sea's natural systems, shedding light on its geodiversity, geological dynamics, air-land-sea interaction, hydrology, suspended matter and sediments. Divided into 4 parts, the book introduces the diversity, geological dynamics, and evolution of the natural system of the Aegean Sea (Parts 1 and 2), followed by a section devoted to the land-sea interaction in the Aegean coastal system where experts in the field explore freshwater and matter inputs into the Aegean coastal system, as well as the coastal morphodynamics and evolution of the Aegean Sea, its adjacent land areas, and islands. In Part 3, the book delves into the air-sea interaction over the Aegean Sea, presenting its intricate dynamics, including heat and freshwater fluxes, wind waves, tides, and atmospheric deposition. The book closes with a section focused on the hydrology, chemistry, and dynamics of water masses and the sea bottom, providing insights into suspended matter and fluxes, sediments, climate changes, and the intricate nutrient and carbon dynamics within the Aegean Sea ecosystem (Part 4). Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scholars, and students interested in marine geology, oceanography, and environmental analysis, as well as policymakers and conservationists seeking a comprehensive understanding of the Aegean Sea's complex natural systems.
Aeolian Desertification: Disaster with Visual Impact in Semi-arid Regions of Andhra Pradesh, South India (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Pradeep Kumar Badapalli Raghu Babu Kottala Padma Sree PujariThis book summarizes contemporary research on land degradation, desertification, and how such issues relate to socioeconomic growth in developing countries. With a focus on local and regional levels, the book offers an in-depth analysis of aeolian action as a physical process, causes of land degradation, and desertification. The causes and effects of land degradation were investigated by utilizing multiscale and multidisciplinary methodologies, merging spatial socioeconomic data with remote sensing data, and using multiple levels and disciplinary approaches. The book also describes how to combine GIS with cutting-edge technologies such as remote sensing, geostatistics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, and analytical hierarchy approaches, among others. Included is a thorough case study of the unusual but understudied semi-arid Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh, South India. This book encourages the participation of all socioeconomic groups in decision-making and assists authorities and planners in developing suitable plans for the sustainable agricultural growth of an area. The book is an invaluable resource to comprehend and resolve issues about sustainable environmental planning and management.
Aerated Foods: Principles, Formation and Stability
by Ganesan NarsimhanExplore the roles aeration can play in the production, stability, and consumer experience of foods Aeration is an increasingly prevalent part of food manufacturing, bringing a light texture, enhanced appearance, and richer flavors to a wide range of products. Essential to the creation of everything from ice cream and popcorn to cheese and beer, the incorporation of fine air bubbles into the foods we consume can also boost satiety and thus reduce calorific intake. Aerated Foods examines this process in detail, offering a complete overview of all aspects of aeration. With sections that address the effects of aeration upon product structure and stability, this informative book explains how food formulation influences the shelf life, texture, and overall experience of different foods. Chapters also outline the various methods by which aeration can be achieved, breaking down the science and technology involved in the incorporation of air Details the mechanisms and overall results of aeration as a method of food processing Covers innovative and experimental aeration techniques Looks at the role of aeration in baking Aerated Foods provides food scientists, researchers, and product developers with an invaluable guide to this multifaceted and fast-growing method of food production.
Aeration: Principles and Practice, Volume 11
by James Mueller William C. Boyle Ing. H. Johannes PopelThe immense environmental challenges facing the world now and in years to come can only be met through marshalling the talents of the best environmental engineers and scientists, and through the use of innovative, cost-effective solutions. Written by three leading aeration experts, Aeration: Principles and Practice, covers the principles and practi
Aeration Control System Design
by Thomas E. JenkinsLearn how to design and implement successful aeration control systemsCombining principles and practices from mechanical, electrical, and environmental engineering, this book enables you to analyze, design, implement, and test automatic wastewater aeration control systems and processes. It brings together all the process requirements, mechanical equipment operations, instrumentation and controls, carefully explaining how all of these elements are integrated into successful aeration control systems. Moreover, Aeration Control System Design features a host of practical, state-of-the-technology tools for determining energy and process improvements, payback calculations, system commissioning, and more.Author Thomas E. Jenkins has three decades of hands-on experience in every phase of aeration control systems design and implementation. He presents not only the most current theory and technology, but also practical tips and techniques that can only be gained by many years of experience. Inside the book, readers will find:Full integration of process, mechanical, and electrical engineering considerationsAlternate control strategies and algorithms that provide better performance than conventional proportional-integral-derivative controlPractical considerations and analytical techniques for system evaluation and designNew feedforward control technologies and advanced process monitoring systemsThroughout the book, example problems based on field experience illustrate how the principles and techniques discussed in the book are used to create successful aeration control systems. Moreover, there are plenty of equations, charts, figures, and diagrams to support readers at every stage of the design and implementation process.In summary, Aeration Control System Design makes it possible for engineering students and professionals to design systems that meet all mechanical, electrical, and process requirements in order to ensure effective and efficient operations.
Aerial Aftermaths: Wartime from Above
by Caren KaplanFrom the first vistas provided by flight in balloons in the eighteenth century to the most recent sensing operations performed by military drones, the history of aerial imagery has marked the transformation of how people perceived their world, better understood their past, and imagined their future. In Aerial Aftermaths Caren Kaplan traces this cultural history, showing how aerial views operate as a form of world-making tied to the times and places of war. Kaplan’s investigation of the aerial arts of war—painting, photography, and digital imaging—range from England's surveys of Scotland following the defeat of the 1746 Jacobite rebellion and early twentieth-century photographic mapping of Iraq to images taken in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. Throughout, Kaplan foregrounds aerial imagery's importance to modern visual culture and its ability to enforce colonial power, demonstrating both the destructive force and the potential for political connection that come with viewing from above.
Aerial Manipulation (Advances in Industrial Control)
by Matko Orsag Christopher Korpela Paul Oh Stjepan BogdanThis text is a thorough treatment of the rapidly growing area of aerial manipulation. It details all the design steps required for the modeling and control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with robotic manipulators. Starting with the physical basics of rigid-body kinematics, the book gives an in-depth presentation of local and global coordinates, together with the representation of orientation and motion in fixed- and moving-coordinate systems. Coverage of the kinematics and dynamics of unmanned aerial vehicles is developed in a succession of popular UAV configurations for multirotor systems. Such an arrangement, supported by frequent examples and end-of-chapter exercises, leads the reader from simple to more complex UAV configurations. Propulsion-system aerodynamics, essential in UAV design, is analyzed through blade-element and momentum theories, analysis which is followed by a description of drag and ground-aerodynamic effects. The central part of the book is dedicated to aerial-manipulator kinematics, dynamics, and control. Based on foundations laid in the opening chapters, this portion of the book is a structured presentation of Newton-Euler dynamic modeling that results in forward and backward equations in both fixed- and moving-coordinate systems. The Lagrange-Euler approach is applied to expand the model further, providing formalisms to model the variable moment of inertia later used to analyze the dynamics of aerial manipulators in contact with the environment. Using knowledge from sensor data, insights are presented into the ways in which linear, robust, and adaptive control techniques can be applied in aerial manipulation so as to tackle the real-world problems faced by scholars and engineers in the design and implementation of aerial robotics systems. The book is completed by path and trajectory planning with vision-based examples for tracking and manipulation.
Aerial Robotic Manipulation: Research, Development and Applications (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics #129)
by Anibal Ollero Bruno SicilianoAerial robotic manipulation integrates concepts and technologies coming from unmanned aerial systems and robotics manipulation. It includes not only kinematic, dynamics, aerodynamics and control but also perception, planning, design aspects, mechatronics and cooperation between several aerial robotics manipulators. All these topics are considered in this book in which the main research and development approaches in aerial robotic manipulation are presented, including the description of relevant systems. In addition of the research aspects, the book also includes the deployment of real systems both indoors and outdoors, which is a relevant characteristic of the book because most results of aerial robotic manipulation have been validated only indoor using motion tracking systems. Moreover, the book presents two relevant applications: structure assembly and inspection and maintenance, which has started to be applied in the industry. The Chapters of the book will present results of two main European Robotics Projects in aerial robotics manipulation: FP7 ARCAS and H2020 AEROARMS. FP7 ARCAS defined the basic concepts on aerial robotic manipulation, including cooperative manipulation. The H2020 AEROARMS on aerial robot with multiple arms and advanced manipulation capabilities for inspection and maintenance has two general objectives: (1) development of advanced aerial robotic manipulation methods and technologies, including manipulation with dual arms and multi-directional thrusters aerial platforms; and (2) application to the inspection and maintenance.
Aero and Vibroacoustics of Automotive Turbochargers
by Hung Nguyen-SchäferAero and Vibroacoustics of Automotive Turbochargers is a topic involving aspects from the working fields of thermodynamics of turbomachinery, aerodynamics, rotordynamics, and noise propagation computation. In this broadly interdisciplinary subject, thermodynamics of turbomachinery is used to design the turbocharger and to determine its operating conditions. Aerodynamics is needed to study the compressor flow dynamics and flow instabilities of rotating stall and surge, which can produce growling and whining-type noises. Rotordynamics is necessary to study rotor unbalance and self-excited oil-whirl instabilities, which lead to whistling and constant tone-type noises in rotating floating oil-film type bearings. For the special case of turbochargers using ball bearings, some high-order harmonic and wear noises also manifest in the rotor operating range. Lastly, noise propagation computation, based on Lighthill's analogy, is required to investigate airborne noises produced by turbochargers in passenger vehicles. The content of this book is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduates in mechanical engineering, research scientists and practicing engineers who want to better understand the interactions between these working fields and the resulting impact on the interesting topic of Aero and Vibroacoustics of Automotive Turbochargers.
Aero Engine Combustor Casing: Experimental Design and Fatigue Studies
by Niranjan Sarangi Sashi Kanta PanigrahiThe book is focused on theoretical and experimental investigation aimed at detecting and selecting proper information related to the fundamental aspect of combustion casing design,performance and life evaluation parameters. A rational approach has been adopted to the analysis domain underlying the complexities of the process.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbial Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
by Maulin P. ShahIndustrial wastewater can contain many toxic pollutants as well as varying concentrations of organic and inorganic matter. These pollutants can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or hardly biodegradable, which could cause serious human health risks and also affect other aquatic and terrestrial biota as well. Biological treatment techniques for industrial wastewater, including aerobic and anaerobic digestion, are known to be environmentally friendly, clean, and generally superior to other physicochemical techniques. Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbial Treatment of Industrial Wastewater presents the latest information on multiple bioremediation treatment techniques; summarizes the sources, occurrence, and removal of industrial pollutants; and suggests the most appropriate treatment options for different scenarios. Describes the biochemistry of pollutant removal by aerobic and anaerobic digestion. Highlights emerging pollutants as well as resource recovery techniques from contaminated industrial wastewater. Emphasizes the role of both conventional and innovative novel technologies in aerobic and anaerobic microbial bioremediation of pollutants originated from industrial wastewater.
Aerobiology
by Michael L. Muilenberg Harriet A. BurgeAerobiology is the study of airborne particles that have an impact on humans and other organisms. Every day, we are exposed to airborne particles, including "natural" particles such as pollen, bacteria, and fungi, and "unnatural" particles, such as asbestos fibers and noxious chemicals. Aerobiology highlights the current interests in this field, primarily the ecology and distribution of airborne particles and their effects on health.
Aerodynamic Noise: An Introduction for Physicists and Engineers (Springer Aerospace Technology #7)
by Tarit BoseAerodynamic Noise extensively covers the theoretical basis and mathematical modeling of sound, especially the undesirable sounds produced by aircraft. This noise could come from an aircraft's engine--propellers, fans, combustion chamber, jets--or the vehicle itself--external surfaces--or from sonic booms. The majority of the sound produced is due to the motion of air and its interaction with solid boundaries, and this is the main discussion of the book. With problem sets at the end of each chapter, Aerodynamic Noise is ideal for graduate students of mechanical and aerospace engineering. It may also be useful for designers of cars, trains, and wind turbines.