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Klausurentrainer zur Festigkeitslehre für Wirtschaftsingenieure: Mit Formelsammlung
by Klaus-Dieter Arndt Joachim Ihme Heinrich TurkDieser Klausurentrainer bietet prüfungsrelevante Aufgaben mit Lösungen zur Festigkeitslehre für Wirtschafts- und Maschinenbauingenieure. Die Aufgaben sind in drei Schwierigkeitsstufen eingeteilt. Zu jedem Kapitel werden einleitend die notwendigen Formeln und Tabellen angeführt. Pro Thema gibt es Aufgaben mit vollständigem Lösungsweg sowie Aufgaben mit numerischen Ergebnissen und Darstellung des Lösungswegs am Buchende. Wirtschaftliche Aspekte werden in den Aufgabenstellungen und Lösungen berücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Auflage wurde an die 4. Auflage des Lehrbuchs "Festigkeitslehre für Wirtschaftsingenieure“ angepasst.
Klebtechnik: Klebstoffe, Anwendungen und Verfahren
by Jürgen Klingen K. Bernhard Schröder Walter Brockmann Paul Ludwig GeißUm solide, langzeitbestandige und stoffgerechte Klebungen im industriellen oder handwerklichen Bereich herzustellen, sind sowohl gute Grundlagenkenntnisse als auch fachlich fundiertes Wissen von Noten. Die einzelnen Informationen in der vorhandenen Fachliteratur aufzuspuren, ist au?erst muhsam und zeitraubend. Das vorliegende Handbuch - geschrieben von Spezialisten verschiedener Fachbereiche in Forschung und Industrie - vermittelt das vollstandige klebtechnische Wissen in kompakter und ubersichtlicher Form: Neben klassischen Gebieten wie Adhasion, Chemie und charakteristischem Verhalten von Klebstoffen und Klebverbindungen werden insbesondere auch aktuelle praxisrelevante Fragestellungen und die sehr verschiedenartigen Anwendungsmoglichkeiten des Klebens umfassend behandelt - erstmalig in der Literatur.
Kleiner Brückenführer Schweiz
by Dirk Proske Axel GamppDie Schweiz gilt nicht umsonst als ein innovatives Zentrum des weltweiten Brückenbaus. Verschiedene Schweizer Brückenbauer, wie Christan Menn oder Robert Maillart sind weit über die Grenzen der Schweiz bekannt. Dieser kleine Brückenführer Schweiz stellt knapp 20 interessante Brückenkonstruktionen in der Schweiz vor. Dabei handelt es sich nicht ausschließlich um sehr berühmte Bauwerke, aber alle vorgestellten Brückenbauwerke sind auf ihre Art einzigartig und interessant. Der Brückenführer gibt damit einen schönen Überblick über Vielfalt der Brückenkonstruktionen in der Schweiz.
KlimaIng - Planung klimagerechter Fabriken: Problembasiertes Lernen In Den Ingenieurwissenschaften
by Uwe Dombrowski Sabine MarxDie mit dem Klimawandel verbundenen Risiken haben auch Konsequenzen für produzierende Unternehmen und ihre Produktionsstätten. Daher widmet sich das Buch der klimagerechten Planung von Fabriken und verknüpft dieses ingenieurwissenschaftliche Fachgebiet mit Grundlagenwissen zur Planung und Durchführung problembasierter Lehrveranstaltungen an Hochschulen. Im ersten Teil beschreiben die Autoren die Grundlagen des Klimawandels und der Fabrikplanung. Sie stellen zum einen die Vorgehensweisen zur Identifizierung von Klimarisiken und zum anderen Planungsansätze zu deren Reduzierung vor. Der zweite Teil verknüpft diese ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Aufgabenstellungen mit dem Konzept problembasierten Lernens. Dabei wird problembasiertes Lernen als Lehrmethode zum Erwerb und zur Anwendung praxisrelevanten Fachwissens verstanden, die stets die Lernenden in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Neben theoretischen Grundlagen und aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen zur Wirksamkeit problembasierten Lernens erhalten Leser hier auch Hinweise für die Implementation in der Praxis. Am Beispiel einer problembasierten Lehrveranstaltung, die im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes entwickelt wurde, wird eine didaktische Konzeption zur Planung und Durchführung problembasierter Lernumgebungen vorgestellt. Diese Modell-Lehrveranstaltung ist so aufbereitet, dass das Konzept ohne viel Aufwand auf andere Themengebiete der Ingenieurwissenschaften übertragen werden kann. Der dritte Teil des Buchs bietet eine Fallsammlung zu unterschiedlichen Lernzielen. Diese dienen Nutzern als Vorlage, um selbst geeignete Fälle für problembasierte Lernumgebungen zu konstruieren. Das Buch richtet sich an Lehrkräfte in ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studiengängen, insbesondere solche mit dem Schwerpunkt Klimawandel und Fabrikplanung.
Klimaschutz und Energiewende in Deutschland: Herausforderungen – Lösungsbeiträge – Zukunftsperspektiven
by Udo SahlingWie kann man Klimaschutz vor Ort erfolgreich umsetzen?Nach mehr als 20 Jahren Klimaschutzpolitik ziehen Autor*innen in diesem Handbuch Bilanz, wie Klimaschutz auch unter ungünstigen Rahmenbedingungen umgesetzt werden kann. Die vielseitige Zusammenstellung der Beiträge soll Leser*innen helfen, die ökonomischen und technologischen und vor allem gesellschaftspolitischen Veränderungen dieser Zeit zu erkennen und daraus Lehren für die Zukunft von Klimaschutz und Energiewende zu ziehen.Klimaschutz erfährt zurzeit durch die „Fridays for Future“-Bewegung große Popularität. Die nachfolgende Generation will wissen, was anders gemacht werden muss, damit es künftig besser laufen kann. Gerade wird uns zudem brutal vor Augen geführt, was die hohe Importabhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern bedeutet und dass es nur einen Erneuerbaren Weg gibt. Das Werk greift diese Aspekte auf und soll Mut machen, sich an einer emissionsfreien Zukunftsgestaltung zu beteiligen.
Knee Joint Vibroarthrographic Signal Processing and Analysis
by Yunfeng WuThis book presents the cutting-edge technologies of knee joint vibroarthrographic signal analysis for the screening and detection of knee joint injuries. It describes a number of effective computer-aided methods for analysis of the nonlinear and nonstationary biomedical signals generated by complex physiological mechanics. This book also introduces several popular machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms for biomedical signal classifications. The book is well-suited for all researchers looking to better understand knee joint biomechanics and the advanced technology for vibration arthrometry. Dr. Yunfeng Wu is an Associate Professor at the School of Information Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Knitting Food: New Perspectives for Sustainable Urban Production Systems (SDGs and Textiles)
by Manuel Gausa Giorgia TucciThis book focuses on the emerging field of food waste-based eco-textiles. Eco-textiles, eco-leathers and bio-skins are now an important category of biomaterials with immediate applications in sustainable industrial production and the circular economy. In this sense, the book brings together new collaborative and interdisciplinary projects and artistic crossovers specialised in eco-textile research, (re)design and functional use of organic and food waste, in a vision that starts from the product dimension and reaches the urban scale.
Knitting Science, Technology, Process and Materials: A Sustainable Approach (Textile Science and Clothing Technology)
by Hafsa Jamshaid Rajesh MishraThis volume explains knitting technology in an easily-comprehensible and user-friendly manner. The manufacturing of a cost-effective quality product requires careful planning and thorough knowledge of the product as well as production technology. To achieve the desired functional properties in fabric, the relationship between the raw materials, process and finished product is very important. Knitting has been and remains an important textile technique due to the properties of knitted fabric such as elasticity, stretchability, and comfort. Despite the prominence of knitwear, there has been limited data regarding mechanics of weft knitted fabric and effect of structures on physical, mechanical and comfort properties. This book is an attempt to fill that gap. The book provides knowledge about fabric manufacturing techniques, weft knitting structure, and methods of evaluating knitted fabrics and their applications in technical textiles. It also discusses different types of yarn and their manufacturing processes. Testing and quality control in industrial practice as well as management of a fabric dyeing house are also covered.
Knives Cooks Love: Selection, Care, Techniques, Recipes
by Sarah Jay Sur La Table Staff Ben FinkIn 'Knives Cooks Love', trusted cookware authority Sur La Table teams up with writer Sarah Jay to guide chefs of all levels so their knives will last a lifetime. The nuances between knife blades and handles are discussed, as well as cutting surfaces and an array of sharpeners and honers. Numerous cutting techniques are also showcased with step-by-step instructions and photographs. These skills are then put to the test with more than 20 knife-essential, tantalising recipes like Mango-Cucumber Salsa, Mediterranean-Style Mussels with Fennel and Tomatoes, Arroz con Pollo with Chorizo and Capers, and Bread and Butter Pudding with Rum and Crystallised Ginger.
Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers
by George J. Hochmuth Rebecca G. SidemanKnott’s Handbook for Vegetable Growers Authoritative and comprehensive go-to reference work for commercial vegetable growers around the world For more than 65 years, Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable Growers has provided generations of commercial growers with the most timely, accessible, and useful information available on the subject, containing key guidance on transplant production, planting rates and spacing, irrigation, fertilization, methods for controlling diseases, and insect pest identification, plus important information on topics such as composting, post-harvest storage and processing, genetically-engineered crops, organic growing, federal regulations and best management practices, environmentally friendly pest management, and food safety. To allow for convenient and efficient access to the enormous amount of data contained within, most of the information is presented in the form of tables and charts. The work goes above and beyond to provide everything a reader needs to know on the subject, even including a multilanguage vegetable dictionary. Now in its 6th edition, the work has been significantly expanded and modernized to cover key modern advancements in the industry, such as: Computer-based crop monitoring technologies, robotic disease control and harvesting systems, and new protected-ag production systems (including vertical systems and indoor production) New production systems pertaining to protected organic agriculture, soil moisture sensing, environmental monitoring, soil health, and soil conservation New technologies, including satellite-based decision-making, robotics, and UAVs for increasing production efficiency The various advances that have been made in food safety regulations, plus coverage of new invasive pests Part Farmer’s Almanac, part encyclopedia, and part dictionary, Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable Growers serves as an invaluable asset for growers, students, and other industry professionals seeking an all-in-one reference for all of the questions they have on both holistic and specific facets of the commercial vegetable industry.
Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers
by Donald N. Maynard George J. HochmuthThe leading one-stop reference for commercial vegetable growers for more than 50 yearsRooted in tradition, branching out to the future. For more than half a century, Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers has provided generations of commercial growers with the most timely, accessible, and useful information available on the subject. The Fifth Edition of this highly regarded horticultural mainstay provides readers with the reliable growing and marketing information they've come to expect, while including new and updated material throughout to maintain its relevance in our ever-changing world.Filled with valuable information, largely in the form of tables and charts--from hard statistics on vegetable production and consumption to essential information for today's international markets, such as vegetable botanical names and vegetable names in nine languages--Knott's Handbook is part Farmer's Almanac, part encyclopedia, and part dictionary. It also provides detailed, practical specifics on planting rates, schedules, and spacing; soils and fertilizers; methods for managing crop pests; greenhouse vegetable and crop production; insect pest identification; harvesting and storage; and vegetable marketing.Now available in a new flexible cover designed for ease of use on the desk or in the field, this valuable workhorse features new information on:* World vegetable production* Best management practices* Organic crop production* Food safety* Pesticide safety* Postharvest problems* Minimally processed vegetables* Plus, hundreds of Web site links related to vegetable information
The Know-It-Alls: The Rise of Silicon Valley as a Political Powerhouse and Social Wrecking Ball
by Noam CohenThe world&’s tech giants are at the centre of controversies over fake news, free speech and hate speech on platforms where influence is bought and sold. Yet, at the outset, almost everyone thought the internet would be a positive, democratic force, a space where knowledge could be freely shared to enable everyone to make better-informed decisions. How did it all go so wrong? Noam Cohen reports on the tech libertarians of Silicon Valley, from the self-proclaimed geniuses Jeff Bezos, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman and Mark Zuckerberg to the early pioneers at Stanford University, who have not only made the internet what it is today but reshaped society in the process. It is the story of how the greed, bias and prejudice of one neighbourhood is fracturing the Western world.
Knowing and Learning Mathematics for Teaching
by Mathematics Teacher Preparation Content Workshop Program Steering CommitteeThere are many questions about the mathematical preparation teachers need. Recent recommendations from a variety of sources state that reforming teacher preparation in postsecondary institutions is central in providing quality mathematics education to all students. The Mathematics Teacher Preparation Content Workshop examined this problem by considering two central questions: What is the mathematical knowledge teachers need to know in order to teach well? How can teachers develop the mathematical knowledge they need to teach well? The Workshop activities focused on using actual acts of teaching such as examining student work, designing tasks, or posing questions, as a medium for teacher learning. The Workshop proceedings, Knowing and Learning Mathematics for Teaching, is a collection of the papers presented, the activities, and plenary sessions that took place.
Knowing with New Media: A Multimodal Approach for Learning
by Lena RedmanThis cutting edge book considers how advances in technologies and new media have transformed our perception of education, and focuses on the impact of the privatisation of digital tools as a mean of knowledge production. Arguing that education needs to adapt to the modern learner, the book’s unique approach is based on a disassociation with the deeply ingrained attitude with which people have traditionally viewed education – learning the existing symbolic systems of certain disciplines and then expressing themselves strictly within the operational modes of these systems. The ways of knowledge production – exploring, recording, representing, making meaning of and sharing human experiences – have been fundamentally transformed through the infusion of digital technologies into all aspects of human activity, allowing learners to engage with their immediate natural, social and cultural environments by capitalising on their individual abilities and interests. This book proposes a new approach to teaching and learning termed ‘cinematic bricolage’, which involves generating knowledge from heterogeneous resources in a ‘do-it-yourself’ manner while making meaning through multimodal representations. It shows how cinematic bricolage reconnects ways of knowing with ways of being, empowering the individual with a sense of personal identity and responsibility, helping to shape more aware social citizens.
The Knowledge
by Lewis DartnellHow would you go about rebuilding a technological society from scratch?If our technological society collapsed tomorrow, perhaps from a viral pandemic or catastrophic asteroid impact, what would be the one book you would want to press into the hands of the postapocalyptic survivors? What crucial knowledge would they need to survive in the immediate aftermath and to rebuild civilization as quickly as possible--a guide for rebooting the world?Human knowledge is collective, distributed across the population. It has built on itself for centuries, becoming vast and increasingly specialized. Most of us are ignorant about the fundamental principles of the civilization that supports us, happily utilizing the latest--or even the most basic--technology without having the slightest idea of why it works or how it came to be. If you had to go back to absolute basics, like some sort of postcataclysmic Robinson Crusoe, would you know how to re-create an internal combustion engine, put together a microscope, get metals out of rock, accurately tell time, weave fibers into clothing, or even how to produce food for yourself?Regarded as one of the brightest young scientists of his generation, Lewis Dartnell proposes that the key to preserving civilization in an apocalyptic scenario is to provide a quickstart guide, adapted to cataclysmic circumstances. The Knowledge describes many of the modern technologies we employ, but first it explains the fundamentals upon which they are built. Every piece of technology rests on an enormous support network of other technologies, all interlinked and mutually dependent. You can't hope to build a radio, for example, without understanding how to acquire the raw materials it requires, as well as generate the electricity needed to run it. But Dartnell doesn't just provide specific information for starting over; he also reveals the greatest invention of them all--the phenomenal knowledge-generating machine that is the scientific method itself. This would allow survivors to learn technological advances not explicitly explored in The Knowledge as well as things we have yet to discover.The Knowledge is a brilliantly original guide to the fundamentals of science and how it built our modern world as well as a thought experiment about the very idea of scientific knowledge itself.
The Knowledge
by Lewis DartnellHow would you go about rebuilding a technological society from scratch? If our technological society collapsed tomorrow, perhaps from a viral pandemic or catastrophic asteroid impact, what would be the one book you would want to press into the hands of the postapocalyptic survivors? What crucial knowledge would they need to survive in the immediate aftermath and to rebuild civilization as quickly as possible--a guide for rebooting the world? Human knowledge is collective, distributed across the population. It has built on itself for centuries, becoming vast and increasingly specialized. Most of us are ignorant about the fundamental principles of the civilization that supports us, happily utilizing the latest--or even the most basic--technology without having the slightest idea of why it works or how it came to be. If you had to go back to absolute basics, like some sort of postcataclysmic Robinson Crusoe, would you know how to re-create an internal combustion engine, put together a microscope, get metals out of rock, accurately tell time, weave fibers into clothing, or even how to produce food for yourself? Regarded as one of the brightest young scientists of his generation, Lewis Dartnell proposes that the key to preserving civilization in an apocalyptic scenario is to provide a quickstart guide, adapted to cataclysmic circumstances. The Knowledge describes many of the modern technologies we employ, but first it explains the fundamentals upon which they are built. Every piece of technology rests on an enormous support network of other technologies, all interlinked and mutually dependent. You can't hope to build a radio, for example, without understanding how to acquire the raw materials it requires, as well as generate the electricity needed to run it. But Dartnell doesn't just provide specific information for starting over; he also reveals the greatest invention of them all--the phenomenal knowledge-generating machine that is the scientific method itself. This would allow survivors to learn technological advances not explicitly explored in The Knowledge as well as things we have yet to discover. The Knowledge is a brilliantly original guide to the fundamentals of science and how it built our modern world as well as a thought experiment about the very idea of scientific knowledge itself.
Knowledge and Rural Development
by Danièle ClavelSuccessive food, economic and environmental crises have prompted the world Agricultural Research for Development (ARD) bodies to spring into action. Faced with the clear failure of public development aid to reduce inequalities and hunger, especially in Africa, wide consensus has been achieved from the World Bank to the G8 via the UN, the European Union and the African Union these past five years on the need to improve agricultural production through sustainable rural development which shows respect for Man and Nature. The ARD has set itself the goal of supporting the implementation of technical, social and institutional responses to sustainable development through a partnership encouraging the pooling of knowledge, increased skills and the autonomy of key players.
Knowledge and Systems Science: Enabling Systemic Knowledge Synthesis
by Yoshiteru NakamoriIntegrating ideas from the fields of systems science and knowledge science, Knowledge and Systems Science: Enabling Systemic Knowledge Synthesis shows how to create and justify various pieces of knowledge systemically. Written by one of the foremost experts in this area, the book presents approaches for the systemic integration of knowledge, which
Knowledge and Technology Transfer for Plant Pathology
by Nigel Hardwick Maria Lodovica GullinoThis book contains fuller versions of the papers and posters presented in the Knowledge and Technology Transfer and Teaching Plant Pathology sessions at the 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology held in Turin, Italy in 2008. Extension/advisory plant pathology and teaching are about relationships: the relationship between the advisor and grower and the teacher and student. It is about the building up of trust in the advice given and the enthusiasm of, and methods used by, the teacher. Extension plant pathology had been described as 'plant pathology with a human face'. It is aspects of these personal relationships that are explored in this book. Also covered are the value of participation in decision making, plant clinics and teaching approaches, both in industry and at universities. The book is aimed at those who have an interest in providing advice to farmers and growers and in teaching the subject to those who are to provide that advice.
Knowledge as a Tale: A Discursive Space
by Rafal MaciagThis text describes the process that led to knowledge becoming the most important modern good and a complex phenomenon beginning at the end of the 19th century. It was a change in the way of understanding the world proposed by mathematics and geometry. This volume reveals how the paradigm shift, still in progress, is gradually transforming less obvious fields of science, such as the humanities and social sciences while affecting the phenomenon of knowledge. Firstly, meta-analysis gained importance, and secondly, it became natural to perceive knowledge in a social context, showing its diverse and multi-cause dispersion, leading to the phenomenon of knowledge. Due to the interpretation of knowledge as a complex social phenomenon, the author proposes a new model of knowledge description, called the theory of discursive space, making it possible to describe the role and meaning of knowledge as a component of modern civilization that is all-encompassing. This text appeals to students and researchers working in the philosophy of technology.
Knowledge-Based Intelligent Techniques in Character Recognition (International Series On Computational Intelligence Ser. #9)
by Lakhmi C. Jain; Beatrice LazzeriniKnowledge-Based Intelligent Techniques in Character Recognition presents research results on intelligent character recognition techniques, reflecting the tremendous worldwide interest in the applications of knowledge-based techniques in this challenging field.This resource will interest anyone involved in computer science, computer engineering, applied mathematics, or related fields. It will also be of use to researchers, application engineers and students who wish to develop successful character recognition systems such as those used in reading addresses in a postal routing system or processing bank checks.Features
Knowledge-Based Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering (JCKBSE 2020), Larnaca, Cyprus, August 24-26, 2020 (Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems #19)
by Lakhmi C. Jain Maria Virvou Hiroyuki NakagawaThis book summarizes the research findings presented at the 13th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering (JCKBSE 2020), which took place on August 24–26, 2020. JCKBSE 2020 was originally planned to take place in Larnaca, Cyprus. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic forced it be rescheduled as an online conference. JCKBSE is a well-established, international, biennial conference that focuses on the applications of artificial intelligence in software engineering. The 2020 edition of the conference was organized by Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Japan, and George A. Tsihrintzis and Maria Virvou, Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece. This research book is a valuable resource for experts and researchers in the field of (knowledge-based) software engineering, as well as general readers in the fields of artificial and computational Intelligence and, more generally, computer science wanting to learn more about the field of (knowledge-based) software engineering and its applications. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each paper helps readers to probe further into the application areas of interest to them.
Knowledge-Based Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering (JCKBSE 2022), Larnaca, Cyprus, August 22-24, 2022 (Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems #30)
by Maria Virvou Takuya Saruwatari Lakhmi C. JainThis book contains extended versions of the works and new research results presented at the 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-based Software Engineering (JCKBSE2022). JCKBSE2022 was originally planned to take place in Larnaca, Cyprus. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic forced it to be rescheduled as an online conference. JCKBSE is a well-established international biennial conference that focuses on the applications of Artificial Intelligence on Software Engineering. The 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge-based Software Engineering (JCKBSE2022) was organized by the Department of Informatics of the University of Piraeus, Greece. This book is a valuable resource for experts and researchers in the field of (knowledge-based) software engineering. It is also valuable to general readers in the fields of artificial and computational intelligence and, more generally, computer science, wishing to learn more about the exciting field of (knowledge-based) software engineering and its applications. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter helps readers to probe deeper into the application areas of interest to them.
Knowledge Building and Regulation in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning
by Lanqin ZhengThis book proposes and validates an information flow approach to analyzing knowledge co-construction and predicting group performance in the context of collaborative learning. In addition, it highlights the importance of socially shared regulation in collaborative learning, and illustrates in detail how it can be analyzed and promoted. The book investigates several innovative examples, including: Methodological approaches to studying and analyzing knowledge building and regulation in collaborative learning; Social software tools for capturing the dynamics of knowledge building and regulation in collaborative learning; Collective regulatory mechanisms to scaffold socially shared regulation in real-life collaborative learning; and Scripts and interventions to facilitate effective and productive collaborative learning on the basis of several case studies. The original methodological contributions to the analysis of knowledge building and scaffolding socially shared regulation make this an essential read for anyone interested in collaborative learning. This book will also be of interest to a wide audience of researchers, teachers, and students in the field of collaborative learning, as well as the rapidly growing community of people investigating how collaborative learning can be effectively used in education.
Knowledge Cartography
by Simon J. Buckingham Shum Alexandra Okada Tony SherborneKnowledge maps are ideal tools for capturing, organizing and extracting meaning from many different sources. They provide powerful graphic tools for classifying, representing and communicating information. This book discusses significant new research and explains its underlying principles in terms of Knowledge Cartography. With contributions from leading researchers and practitioners, it offers a rich variety of conceptual frameworks, mapping techniques and case studies.