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Lectures in Geochemistry
by Alexey B. PtitsynThis book is a brief summary of the course of lectures in Geochemistry for undergraduate and graduate students from other than Geological Departments (chemists, biologists, ecologists and naturalists). It describes the Earth’s structure and some geological processes. <P><P>The modern geochemical concepts take proper account of global geological processes and the influence of Cosmos. They are based on the laws and approaches of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The cycles of energy and chemical elements within the Earth are interrelated with the global geochemical cycle. <P><P>In addition to the traditional Geochemistry course, this book offers Geochemistry of microorganisms, Geochemistry of dispersed systems, Geochemistry of cryogenesis, and Geochemistry of cryptobiosphere. <P><P>Features: <li>Provides the reader with a general idea of the Earth’s chemical life and its related global geological events <li>Offers a concise and clear description of the modern concepts in Geochemistry, including new directions such as Geochemistry of Cryogenesis, Geochemistry of Disperse Systems, Geochemistry of Microorganisms, and Geochemistry of Cryptobiosphere <li>Implies a wide application of the thermodynamic approach. <li>Useful for students who, though lacking in geology basics, are experienced in chemistry and biology
Lectures on Digital Design Principles (River Publishers Series in Electronic Materials, Circuits and Devices)
by Pinaki Mazumder Idongesit E. EbongLectures on Digital Design Principles provides students an accessible reference for engaging with the building blocks of digital logic design. The book is an aggregation of lectures for an introductory course and provides a conversational style to better engage with students. Since the text is developed from lectures, important and foundational concepts are highlighted without tedious proofs. With respect to subject matter, students are introduced to different methods of abstracting digital systems, along with the strengths and weaknesses of these different methods. For example, Boolean logic can be represented as algebraic equations, gate level diagrams, switching circuits, truth tables, etc. Strengths and drawbacks to these representations are discussed in the context of Boolean minimization and electronic design automation. The text also delves into dynamic behavior of digital circuits with respect to timing in combinational circuits and state transitions in sequential circuits.
Lectures on Kinetic Processes in Materials
by Han-Ill YooThis book provides beginning graduate or senior-level undergraduate students in materials disciplines with a primer of the fundamental and quantitative ideas on kinetic processes in solid materials. Kinetics is concerned with the rate of change of the state of existence of a material system under thermodynamic driving forces. Kinetic processes in materials typically involve chemical reactions and solid state diffusion in parallel or in tandem. Thus, mathematics of diffusion in continuum is first dealt with in some depth, followed by the atomic theory of diffusion and a brief review of chemical reaction kinetics. Chemical diffusion in metals and ionic solids, diffusion-controlled kinetics of phase transformations, and kinetics of gas-solid reactions are examined. Through this course of learning, a student will become able to predict quantitatively how fast a kinetic process takes place, to understand the inner workings of the process, and to design the optimal process of material state change.Provides students with the tools to predict quantitatively how fast a kinetic process takes place and solve other diffusion related problems;Learns fundamental and quantitative ideas on kinetic processes in solid materials;Examines chemical diffusion in metals and ionic solids, diffusion-controlled kinetics of phase transformations, and kinetics of gas-solid reactions, among others;Contains end-of chapter exercise problems to help reinforce students' grasp of the concepts presented within each chapter.
Lectures on Nonlinear Dynamics (Understanding Complex Systems)
by José Roberto Castilho Piqueira Carlos Eduardo Nigro Mazzilli Celso Pupo Pesce Guilherme Rosa FranziniThis book presents a compilation of lectures delivered at the São Paulo School of Advanced Sciences on Nonlinear Dynamics, categorized into four groups: parametric resonance, nonlinear modal analysis and model reduction, synchronization, and strongly nonlinear dynamics. Interwoven seamlessly, these groups cover a wide range of topics, from fundamental concepts to practical applications, catering to both introductory and advanced readers. The first group, consisting of chapters 1 and 2, serves as an introduction to the theory of parametric resonance and the dynamics of parametrically excited slender structures. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 form the second group, offering insights into normal forms, nonlinear normal modes, and nonlinear system identification. Chapters 6 and 7 delve into asynchronous modes of structural vibration and master-slave topologies for time signal distribution within synchronous systems, respectively, representing the third group. Finally, the last four chapters tackle the fourth group, exploring nonlinear dynamics of variable mass oscillators, advanced analytical methods for strong nonlinear vibration problems, chaos theory, and dynamic integrity from the perspectives of safety and design. This book harmoniously combines theoretical depth and practical relevance to provide a comprehensive understanding of nonlinear dynamics.
Lectures on Phase Field
by Ingo Steinbach Hesham SalamaThis open access textbook fills a gap, in that it introduces readers to the theory and applications of the Phase-Field technique. Phase Field, over the years, has emerged as a standard tool for materials research, just as the Finite-Element technique has in structure mechanics. Whereas the few existing textbooks on this topic are intended for advanced readers, this one is made accessible to the widest possible audience, through an engaging, lecture format. The content grows out of a course the authors teach for graduate students at Ruhr-University Bochum. Even readers who may, at first, have no clue at all what a “Phase Field” is and for what it is used, are invited on a journey from general physics of thermodynamics and wave mechanics, through applications in all fields of materials science, up to the central questions of physical being. On this journey all the necessary techniques are detailed, mostly formulated in a mathematical language easily understood by engineers and natural scientists.
Lectures on Quantum Mechanics: With Problems, Exercises and Solutions (Graduate Texts in Physics)
by Jean-Louis BasdevantBeautifully illustrated and engagingly written, Twelve Lectures in Quantum Mechanics presents theoretical physics with a breathtaking array of examples and anecdotes. Basdevant’s style is clear and stimulating, in the manner of a brisk lecture that can be followed with ease and enjoyment. Here is a sample of the book’s style, from the opening of Chapter 1: "If one were to ask a passer-by to quote a great formula of physics, chances are that the answer would be ‘E = mc2’…. There is no way around it: all physics is quantum, from elementary particles, to stellar physics and the Big Bang, not to mention semiconductors and solar cells."
Lectures on Visco-Plastic Fluid Mechanics (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #583)
by Guillaume Ovarlez Sarah HormoziThe book is designed for advanced graduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers across several disciplines (e.g., mathematics, physics and engineering), as it provides them with tools and techniques that are essential in performing research on the flow problems of visco-plastic fluids. The following topics are treated: analysis of classical visco-plastic fluid modelsmathematical modeling of flows of visco-plastic fluidscomputing flows of visco-plastic fluidsrheology of visco-plastic fluids and visco-plastic suspensionsapplication of visco-plastic fluids in engineering sciencescomplex flows of visco-plastic fluids.
Lee de Forest
by Mike AdamsThe life-long inventor, Lee de Forest invented the three-element vacuum tube used between 1906 and 1916 as a detector, amplifier, and oscillator of radio waves. Beginning in 1918 he began to develop a light valve, a device for writing and reading sound using light patterns. While he received many patents for his process, he was initially ignored by the film industry. In order to promote and demonstrate his process he made several hundred sound short films, he rented space for their showing; he sold the tickets and did the publicity to gain audiences for his invention. Lee de Forest officially brought sound to film in 1919. Lee De Forest: King of Radio, Television, and Film is about both invention and early film making; de Forest as the scientist and producer, director, and writer of the content. This book tells the story of de Forest's contribution in changing the history of film through the incorporation of sound. The text includes primary source historical material, U.S. patents and richly-illustrated photos of Lee de Forest's experiments. Readers will greatly benefit from an understanding of the transition from silent to audio motion pictures, the impact this had on the scientific community and the popular culture, as well as the economics of the entertainment industry.
Left to Our Own Devices: Outsmarting Smart Technology to Reclaim Our Relationships, Health, and Focus (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Margaret E. MorrisUnexpected ways that individuals adapt technology to reclaim what matters to them, from working through conflict with smart lights to celebrating gender transition with selfies.We have been warned about the psychological perils of technology: distraction, difficulty empathizing, and loss of the ability (or desire) to carry on a conversation. But our devices and data are woven into our lives. We can't simply reject them. Instead, Margaret Morris argues, we need to adapt technology creatively to our needs and values. In Left to Our Own Devices, Morris offers examples of individuals applying technologies in unexpected ways—uses that go beyond those intended by developers and designers. Morris examines these kinds of personalized life hacks, chronicling the ways that people have adapted technology to strengthen social connection, enhance well-being, and affirm identity. Morris, a clinical psychologist and app creator, shows how people really use technology, drawing on interviews she has conducted as well as computer science and psychology research. She describes how a couple used smart lights to work through conflict; how a woman persuaded herself to eat healthier foods when her photographs of salads garnered “likes” on social media; how a trans woman celebrated her transition with selfies; and how, through augmented reality, a woman changed the way she saw her cancer and herself. These and the many other “off-label” adaptations described by Morris cast technology not just as a temptation that we struggle to resist but as a potential ally as we try to take care of ourselves and others. The stories Morris tells invite us to be more intentional and creative when left to our own devices.
Legacies of Dust: Land Use and Labor on the Colorado Plains
by Douglas SheflinThe Dust Bowl of the 1930s was the worst ecological disaster in American history. When the rains stopped and the land dried up, farmers and agricultural laborers on the southeastern Colorado plains were forced to adapt to new realities. The severity of the drought coupled with the economic devastation of the Great Depression compelled farmers and government officials to combine their efforts to achieve one primary goal: keep farmers farming on the Colorado plains. In The Legacies of Dust Douglas Sheflin offers an innovative and provocative look at how a natural disaster can dramatically influence every facet of human life. Focusing on the period from 1929 to 1962, Sheflin presents the disaster in a new light by evaluating its impact on both agricultural production and the people who fueled it, demonstrating how the Dust Bowl fractured Colorado’s established system of agricultural labor. Federal support, combined with local initiative, instituted a broad conservation regime that facilitated production and helped thousands of farmers sustain themselves during the difficult 1930s and again during the drought of the 1950s. Drawing from western, environmental, transnational, and labor history, Sheflin investigates how the catastrophe of the Dust Bowl and its complex consequences transformed the southeastern Colorado agricultural economy.
Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment (Sustainable Water Developments - Resources, Management, Treatment, Efficiency and Reuse #7)
by Manish KumarThis is the time when legacy, pathogenic, and emerging contaminants must be talked about, understood, and dealt with together. While the geogenic contamination of the groundwater is a well-established phenomenon that is considered as legacy contaminants that risk people’s health globally, both pathogenic and emerging contaminants like various water-borne pathogens and pharmaceutical personal care products (PPCPs) are becoming imperative for their acute and chronic toxic effects. While contaminated groundwater consumption leads to skin pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, and children’s overall development, poor sanitation-related pathogenic microorganisms cause a significant number of child and prenatal deaths. Simultaneously, antibiotic microbial resistance (AMR) is expected to kill 100 million people by 2050. However, there are rare texts that combine aspects of all these three under a single book cover. This book gives an understanding of the occurrence, fate, and transport of geogenic, microbial, and anthropogenic contaminants in the groundwater. It covers not only the scientific and technical aspects but also environmental, legal, and policy aspects for contaminant management in the environment under the paradigm shift of COVID-19. This book is intended to bring the focus on the natural contaminants—biotic or abiotic—in the post-COVID Anthropocene, which is illustrating a significant alteration of systems and the subsequent downstream impacts owing to globalization. This book has compiled global work on emergence, mass flow, partitioning, and activation of geogenic, emerging, and pathogenic contaminants in various spheres of environment with special emphasis on soil, sediment, and aquatic systems for enhancing the understanding on their migration and evolution for the welfare of mankind.
Legal Argumentation Theory: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
by Christian Dahlman Eveline FeterisThis book offers its readers an overview of recent developments in the theory of legal argumentation written by representatives from various disciplines, including argumentation theory, philosophy of law, logic and artificial intelligence. It presents an overview of contributions representative of different academic and legal cultures, and different continents and countries. The book contains contributions on strategic maneuvering, argumentum ad absurdum, argumentum ad hominem, consequentialist argumentation, weighing and balancing, the relation between legal argumentation and truth, the distinction between the context of discovery and context of justification, and the role of constitutive and regulative rules in legal argumentation. It is based on a selection of papers that were presented in the special workshop on Legal Argumentation organized at the 25th IVR World Congress for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy held 15-20 August 2011 in Frankfurt, Germany.
Legal Aspects of Emergency Services
by Gregory WestLegal Aspects of Emergency Services, Second Edition introduces members of fire and emergency medical services to the legal system in the United States, showing them how various types of laws affect their work in emergency services.
Legal Aspects of the Recovery of Areas Degraded by Mining in the International Seabed (SpringerBriefs in Law)
by Antonio Elian Lawand JuniorThis book offers an innovative approach to the recovery of areas degraded by international seabed mining, one that considers the feasibility of a standard that would allow mining in these areas in apparent antinomy with their other potential present and future uses. The book begins by identifying and explaining the legal norms that allow mining in these areas and the rights and obligations in mining exploitation concomitant to other uses of them, based on an analysis of mining operations’ duty of Recovery of Degraded Areas. It reveals an antinomy in international law, namely the compatibility of degraded areas and their various present and future uses with the mining of the international seabed. The freedom to mine these areas could destroy the least impacted biome on the planet and undermine the international law system represented by the Cultural Heritage of Mankind and the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS III”). Recovery of Degraded Areas is an obligation in mining and, as such, requires structural changes in the reading of UNCLOS III; recognizing international roles other than those related to sovereignty; projecting the law into the future; and rereading it in light of international environmental law and its instruments.
Legal Competence in Environmental Health
by Terence MoranLegal Competence in Environmental Health assists the environmental health professional in understanding the operation of English law and navigating through some of its complexities. It covers those aspects of the work which are regulated by legal principles but not found in a single statute.
Legal Liabilities in Safety and Loss Prevention: A Practical Guide, Third Edition (Occupational Safety & Health Guide Series)
by Thomas D. SchneidThe goal of every safety professional and safety program is to be proactive and to identify problems while complying within safety guidelines. This book clarifies basic questions about legal liability, how to minimize, prevent, and identify legal risks. Appendices, case studies, and sample forms are included in this resource. The whole book will be revised due to the laws and regulations in the workplace changing. This revised edition will address all of the changes in the laws as well as providing guidance on how to achieve and maintain compliance. Features Covers methods to achieve and maintain compliance Includes new standards and regulations Discusses defense, rights, and responsibilities Provides a guide to professionals who are unfamiliar with reviewing, analyzing, and briefing a court decision Offers a new chapter on environmental and labor
Legal Priorities in Air Transport
by Ruwantissa AbeyratneAgainst the backdrop of enormous technological strides, this book argues that the air transport industry must be constantly vigilant in its efforts to employ a legal regime that is applicable to the aeronautical and human aspects of the carriage by air of persons and goods. In this regard, safety and security are of the utmost importance, both in terms of safe air navigation and the preservation of human life. Although the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) addresses legal issues through its Legal Committee, many emerging issues that urgently require attention lie outside the Committee’s purview. This book analyzes in detail the items being considered by ICAO’s Legal Committee, considers the legal nature of ICAO, and discusses whether or not ICAO’s scope should be extended. Since the limited issues currently addressed by ICAO do not reflect the rapidly changing realities of air transport, the book also covers a broad range of key issues outside the parameters set by ICAO, such as: the need to teach air law to a new generation of aviation professionals; combating cyber-crime and cyber-terrorism; the regulation of artificial intelligence; traveller identification; interference with air navigation; human trafficking; unruly passengers; climate change; air carrier liability for passenger death or injury; Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (drones); and the cabin crew and their legal implications.
Legal and Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence from an International Law Perspective (Law, Governance and Technology Series #46)
by Themistoklis TzimasThis book focuses on the legal regulation, mainly from an international law perspective, of autonomous artificial intelligence systems, of their creations, as well as of the interaction of human and artificial intelligence. It examines critical questions regarding both the ontology of autonomous AI systems and the legal implications: what constitutes an autonomous AI system and what are its unique characteristics? How do they interact with humans? What would be the implications of combined artificial and human intelligence? It also explores potentially the most important questions: what are the implications of these developments for collective security –from both a state-centered and a human perspective, as well as for legal systems? Why is international law better positioned to make such determinations and to create a universal framework for this new type of legal personality? How can the matrix of obligations and rights of this new legal personality be construed and what would be the repercussions for the international community? In order to address these questions, the book discusses cognitive aspects embedded in the framework of law, offering insights based on both de lege lata and de lege ferenda perspectives.
Legal barriers to the energy modernisation of dwellings occupied by low-income tenants and opportunities to overcome these barriers: Case study of Germany (Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Klimaschutz, Energie und Mobilität)
by Jana KarrasThis book explores the legal barriers to energy modernisation in Germany's residential building sector, especially when low-income tenants are involved. It also examines potential solutions to the landlord-tenant dilemma and how they may be applied within the German legal framework. The book conducts an in-depth examination of the regulations, economic factors, and social dynamics that impede progress in energy efficiency improvements. Drawing upon extensive research, comparative case studies, and insights from the Swedish experiences, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities surrounding the decarbonization of dwellings occupied by low-income tenants in Germany. The book explores the concept of energy poverty in Germany and Sweden, and how these countries address it (or don't) within their legal frameworks. It delves the reader into the complexities of German and Swedish legal systems and how they impact the ability to address energy efficiency in low-income housing. The reader can explore the landlord-tenant dilemma and the hurdles faced when trying to invest in energy modernization, with a special focus on low-income tenants. This book takes an in-depth look at the legal landscape, exploring both EU policies and national regulations. Sweden's experience, especially its use of municipal green bonds to finance energy transition projects, offers a valuable lesson for Germany. Drawing on comparative insights from Sweden, which has made strides in addressing similar issues, the book aims to identify transferable legal strategies to facilitate energy transition in the rental housing market. By dissecting the intricacies of regulations and legal frameworks, this book offers innovative solutions that can bridge the gap between climate goals and the realities faced by low-income tenants. This book is intended for a diverse audience, including policymakers, legal professionals, researchers, academics, environmentalists, housing authorities, and advocates for social and climate justice. It serves as an essential resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of the legal complexities surrounding energy modernization in low-income tenant-occupied dwellings and the pathways to surmount these barriers. It serves as a comprehensive resource for those dedicated to dismantling legal barriers to energy efficiency and advancing social and environmental equity.
Legend of the Three Sisters
by Cricket MediaNative Americans mastered the cultivation of the "Three Sisters" crops to round out their diet. Can you guess which vegetables these are?
Legend: An Event Group Thriller (Event Group Thrillers #2)
by David Lynn GolemonA secret agency must face an ancient beast deep within the Amazon—and powerful forces out to profit from its legend—in this supernatural thriller.Brazil, 1533: A Spanish expedition finds the legendary El Dorado, the largest gold deposit in the world. But in the lost valley hidden from the march of time, the explorers also awakened a devil. A beast of the Amazon rises to destroy any who threaten the secret of the Incas. But one soldier survives long enough to share his story: a secret the Vatican quickly buried away.Present Day: Professor Helen Zachary and her team are searching for a legend buried deep within the Amazon Basin when they suddenly vanish. Now the top secret Event Group, led by Major Jack Collins, must find them. Using cutting-edge military technology, they travel from Brazil to the Little Bighorn, from Columbia to the hallowed grounds of Arlington National Cemetery. As they do, the Event Group faces mounting opposition from multiple adversaries bent on either discovering the whereabouts of El Dorado . . . or trying to bury the legend forever.
Legislation, Technology and Practice of Mine Land Reclamation: Proceedings of the Beijing International Symposium on Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration (LRER 2014), Beijing, China, 16-19 October 2014
by Zhenqi HuLegislation, Technology and Practice of Mine Land Reclamation contains the proceedings of the Beijing International Symposium on Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration (LRER 2014, Beijing, China, 16-19 October 2014).The contributions cover a wide range of topics:- Monitoring, prediction and assessment of environmental damage in mining areas- S
Legislative XML for the Semantic Web
by Giovanni Sartor Maria Angela Biasiotti Monica Palmirani Enrico FrancesconiThis volume examines the basic layers of the standard-based creation and usage of legislation. In particular, it addresses the identification of legislative documents, their structure, the basic metadata and legislative changes. Since mature technologies and established practices are already in place for these layers, a standard-based approach is a necessary aspect of the up-to-date management of legislative resources. Starting out with an overview of the context for the use of XML standards in legislation, the book next examines the rationale of standard-based management of legislative documents. It goes on to address such issues as naming, the Akoma-Ntoso document model, the contribution of standard-based document management to handling legislative dynamics, meta-standards and interchange standards. The volume concludes with a discussion of semantic resources and a review on systems and projects.
Legitimacy and Drones: Investigating the Legality, Morality and Efficacy of UCAVs (Emerging Technologies, Ethics and International Affairs)
by Steven J. BarelaUnmanned combat air vehicles, or in common parlance 'drones', have become a prominent instrument in US efforts to counter an objective (and subjective) cross-border terrorist threat with lethal force. As a result, critical questions abound on the legitimacy of their use. In a series of multidisciplinary essays by scholars with an extensive knowledge of international norms, this book explores the question of legitimacy through the conceptual lenses of legality, morality and efficacy, it then closes with the consideration of a policy proposal aimed at incorporating all three indispensable elements. The importance of this inquiry cannot be overstated. Non-state actors fully understand that attacking the much more powerful state requires moving the conflict away from the traditional battlefield where they are at an enormous disadvantage. Those engaging in terrorism seek to goad the ruling government into an overreaction, or abuse of power, to trigger a destabilization via an erosion of its legitimacy. Thus defending the target of legitimacy”in this case, insuring the use of deadly force is constrained by valid limiting principles”represents an essential strategic interest. This book seeks to come to grips with the new reality of drone warfare by exploring if it can be used to preserve, rather than eat away at, legitimacy. After an extensive analysis of the three key parameters in twelve chapters, the practical proposition of establishing a 'Drone Court' is put forward and examined as a way of pursuing the goal of integrating these essential components to defend the citizenry and the legitimacy of the government at the same time.
Legitimation in a World at Risk
by E. L. DesmondThis book provides a sociological analysis of the controversy surrounding GM crops in Telangana, India. There is much debate as to whether GM technology holds the key to improving the welfare of poor farmers globally or serves primarily to increase the profits of multinational corporations while enhancing cultivator risk. Desmond's study is located in the economically vulnerable and politically volatile district of Warangal in Telangana, a context associated with high numbers of farmer suicides. Uniquely foregrounding the perspectives of cultivators and the landless, Desmond explores how GM crops are variously legitimated and delegitimated in three Warangal villages by those whose livelihoods are at stake in the debate, but whose voices are rarely heard within it. This book will be significant for those with an interest in GM crops, power and knowledge and their relation to understandings of development, democracy and risk management worldwide.