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Light Metals 2023 (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)
by Stephan BroekThe Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2023 collection includes contributions from the following symposia: · 60 Years of Taking Aluminum Smelting Research and Development from New Zealand to the World: An LMD Symposium in Honor of Barry J. Welch · Alumina & Bauxite · Aluminium Industry Emissions Measurement, Reporting & Reduction · Aluminium Waste Management & Utilisation · Aluminum Alloys, Characterization and Processing · Aluminum Reduction Technology · Cast Shop Technology · Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production · Scandium Extraction and Use in Aluminum Alloys
Light Metals 2024 (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)
by Samuel WagstaffThe Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2024 collection includes contributions from the following symposia: · Alumina & Bauxite · Aluminum Alloys: Development and Manufacturing · Aluminum Reduction Technology · Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production · Melt Processing, Casting and Recycling · Scandium Extraction and Use in Aluminum Alloys
Light Metals 2025 (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)
by Les EdwardsThe Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2025 collection includes contributions from the following symposia: Alumina & Bauxite Aluminum Alloys: Development and Manufacturing Aluminum Reduction Technology Decarbonization and Sustainability in Aluminum Primary Processing: Joint Session of Aluminum Reduction, Electrode Technology, and REWAS 2025 Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production Melt Processing, Casting and Recycling Recycling and Sustainability in Cast Shop Technology: Joint Session with REWAS 2025 Scandium Extraction and Use in Aluminum Alloys
Light Pollution in Metropolises: Analysis, Impacts and Solutions
by Emlyn Etienne GoronczyLight pollution (light smog, light pollution or light emissions) is a fundamental problem in metropolises with effects on flora, fauna and people. Accordingly, the first section of the book discusses the basics of light pollution and its effects on various organisms. The characteristics of light smog in the cities of Hanover, Warsaw, Boston, New York City and Toronto are then analysed and compared. But how can the problem be tackled? Existing measures for the prevention of light pollution are discussed and further novel approaches are shown by comparing the metropolises. The book is aimed primarily at practitioners in this field and helps to identify sources of emissions and identify suitable reduction measures. This book is a translation of the original German edition „Lichtverschmutzung in Metropolen“ by Emlyn Etienne Goronczy, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH in 2018. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Light Propagation in Linear Optical Media
by Shekhar Guha Glen D. Gillen Katharina GillenLight Propagation in Linear Optical Media describes light propagation in linear media by expanding on diffraction theories beyond what is available in classic optics books. In one volume, this book combines the treatment of light propagation through various media, interfaces, and apertures using scalar and vector diffraction theories. After covering the fundamentals of light and physical optics, the authors discuss light traveling within an anisotropic crystal and present mathematical models for light propagation across planar boundaries between different media. They describe the propagation of Gaussian beams and discuss various diffraction models for the propagation of light. They also explore methods for spatially confining (trapping) cold atoms within localized light-intensity patterns. This book can be used as a technical reference by professional scientists and engineers interested in light propagation and as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate or graduate courses in optics.
Light Scattering Technology for Food Property, Quality and Safety Assessment (Contemporary Food Engineering)
by Renfu LuLight Scattering Technology for Food Property, Quality and Safety Assessment discusses the development and application of various light scattering techniques for measuring the structural and rheological properties of food, evaluating composition and quality attributes, and detecting pathogens in food. The first four chapters cover basic concepts, principles, theories, and modeling of light transfer in food and biological materials. Chapters 5 and 6 describe parameter estimation methods and basic techniques for determining optical absorption and scattering properties of food products. Chapter 7 discusses the spatially-resolved measurement technique for determining the optical properties of food and biological materials, whereas Chapter 8 focuses on the time-resolved spectroscopic technique for measuring optical properties and quality or maturity of horticultural products. Chapter 9 examines practical light scattering techniques for nondestructive quality assessment of fruits and vegetables. Chapter 10 presents the theory of light transfer in meat muscle and the measurement of optical properties for determining the postmortem condition and textural properties of muscle foods and meat analogs. Chapter 11 covers the applications of spatially-resolved light scattering techniques for assessing quality and safety of animal products. Chapter 12 looks into light scattering for milk and dairy processing. Chapter 13 examines the applications of dynamic light scattering for measuring the microstructure and rheological properties of food. Chapter 14 shows the applications of a biospeckle technique for assessing the quality and condition of fruits and vegetables. Chapter 15 provides a detailed description of Raman scattering spectroscopic and imaging techniques in food quality and safety assessment. Chapter 16, the final chapter, focuses on applications of light scattering techniques for the detection of food-borne pathogens.
Light Science: Physics and the Visual Arts (Undergraduate Texts In Contemporary Physics Ser.)
by Thomas D. Rossing Christopher J. ChiaverinaIntended for students in the visual arts and for others with an interest in art, but with no prior knowledge of physics, this book presents the science behind what and how we see. The approach emphasises phenomena rather than mathematical theories and the joy of discovery rather than the drudgery of derivations. The text includes numerous problems, and suggestions for simple experiments, and also considers such questions as why the sky is blue, how mirrors and prisms affect the colour of light, how compact disks work, and what visual illusions can tell us about the nature of perception. It goes on to discuss such topics as the optics of the eye and camera, the different sources of light, photography and holography, colour in printing and painting, as well as computer imaging and processing.
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
by Emmanuel G. Reynaud Pavel TomančákLight Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy An indispensable guide to a novel, revolutionary fluorescence microscopy technique! Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized microscopy, since it allows scientists to perform experiments in an entirely different manner and to record data that had not been accessible before. With contributions from noted experts in the fields of physics, biology, and computer science, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy is a unique guide that offers a practical approach to the subject, including information on the basics of light sheet fluorescence microscopy, instrumentation, applications, sample preparation, and data analysis. Comprehensive in scope, the book is filled with the cutting-edge methods as well as valuable insider tips. Grounded in real-world applications, the book includes chapters from major manufacturers that explores their recent systems and developments. In addition, the book hightlights a discussion of a “do-it-yourself” light sheet microscope, making the technique affordable for every laboratory. This important textbook: Serves as an easy-to-understand introduction to light sheet-based fluorescence Includes numerous tips and tricks for advanced practitioners Provides in-depth information on hardware and software solutions for a straightforward implementation of light sheet fluorescence microscopy in the lab Includes chapters from the major manufacturers including Zeiss, Leica, Lavision Biotech, Phase View, and Asi Aimed at cell biologists, biophysicists, developmental biologists, and neuro-biologists, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent applications of this microscopy technique.
Light Sources: Basics of Lighting Technologies and Applications
by Spiros Kitsinelis Spyridon KitsinelisDecide Which Lighting Technology Is Best for Your ApplicationLight Sources, Second Edition: Basics of Lighting Technologies and Applications presents an overview of the three main technologies that have produced the numerous families of lighting products on the market today: electrical incandescence, electrical gas discharges, and semiconductor lig
Light Speaks
by Christine LaytonSpare, lovely text and gorgeous, color-saturated illustrations make a compelling presentation. An enchanting picture book about the joyful, mysterious, awe-inspiring messages of light, whether emanating from a firefly or the sun, fireworks or the Big Bang, boats at sea or a bolt of lightning, a movie projector or a rainbow. Luciana Navarro Powell’s illustrations follow a group of kids through a magical day and evening in a seacoast town, while Christine Layton’s lyrical text explores the natural history of light. Backmatter provides further adventures in the science of light.
Light This Candle: The Life and Times of Alan Shepard
by Neal ThompsonAlan Shepard was the brashest, cockiest, and most flamboyant of America's original Mercury Seven, but he was also regarded as the best. Intense, colorful, and dramatic, he was among the most private of America's public figures and, until his death in 1998, he guarded the story of his life zealously. Light This Candle, based on Neal Thompson's exclusive access to private papers and interviews with Shepard's family and closest friends--including John Glenn, Wally Schirra, and Gordon Cooper--offers a riveting, action-packed account of Shepard's life.
Light Waves
by David A. AdlerFascinating physics facts a young scientist needs to know, from one of the most trusted teams in STEM for children!This kid-friendly introduction to the physics of light covers the basics of solar energy, the electromagnetic spectrum, photon particles, light scattering, and reflection and refraction. Readers will follow along as two children and a cow in a lab coat learn how light works in realistic and imaginative scenarios.With accessible language, grounded examples, and easy, hands-on experiments you can do with household items, David A. Adler explains the basics of how light travels and bends. Anna Raff's bright, humorous illustrations make an intimidating topic easy-- and fun!-- to understand. This colorful picture book is a perfect supplement to lessons on light waves, and a great way to explore the topic at home. Named a finalist for the AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books in the Children's category, Light Waves is a must-have book for all self-professed science nerds!
Light Weight Materials: Processing and Characterization
by J. Paulo Davim Kaushik Kumar Bathini Sridhar BabuIn the automotive and aerospace industries, the need for strong yet light materials has given rise to extensive research into aluminum and magnesium alloys and formable titanium alloys. All of these are categorized as light weight materials. The distinguishing feature of light weight materials is that they are low density, but they have a wide range of properties and, as a result, a wide range of applications. This book provides researchers and students with an overview of the recent advancements in light weight material processing, manufacturing and characterization. It contains chapters by eminent researchers on topics associated with light weight materials, including on the current buzzword “composite materials”. First, this book describes the current status of light weight materials. Then, it studies applications of these materials, given that, as the densities vary, so do the applications, ranging from automobiles and aviation to bio-mechatronics. This book will therefore serve as an excellent guide to this field.
Light Weighting for Defense, Aerospace, and Transportation (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by N. Eswara Prasad Amol A. Gokhale Biswajit BasuThis book covers recent developments and current status of various materials, designs, and manufacturing practices which together contribute towards weight reduction of systems used in defense, aerospace, and automotive sectors. The topics covered in the volume range from new manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, intermetallics, aluminum-based solutions, near net-shaped processes, ultra-light weight metal foam and honeycomb based sandwich structures, advanced high strength steels, magnesium alloy castings and carbon fiber composites. It also talks about specific manufacturing and characterization techniques, property variability and reliability of light weight components. This volume will be useful to researchers, professionals, and students working in the fields of aerospace, transportation and defense.
Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology
by M J NunneyLight and Heavy Vehicle Technology, Fourth Edition, provides a complete text and reference to the design, construction and operation of the many and varied components of modern motor vehicles, including the knowledge needed to service and repair them. This book provides incomparable coverage of both cars and heavier vehicles, featuring over 1000 illustrations.This new edition has been brought fully up to date with modern practices and designs, whilst maintaining the information needed to deal with older vehicles. Two entirely new sections of the book provide a topical introduction to alternative power sources and fuels, and battery-electric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles. More information on the latest developments in fuel injection, diesel engines and transmissions has also been added. An expanded list of technical abbreviations now contains over 200 entries – a useful resource for professional technicians in their day-to-day work.This book is an essential textbook for all students of automotive engineering, particularly on IMI / C&G 4000 series and BTEC courses and provides all the underpinning knowledge required for NVQs to level 3. By bridging the gap between basic and more advanced treatments of the subject, it also acts as a useful source of information for experienced technicians and technically minded motorists, and will help them to improve their knowledge and skills.
Light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation
by Stepan PodzimekA comprehensive, practical approach to three powerful methods of polymer analysis and characterization This book serves as a complete compendium of three important methods widely used for the characterization of synthetic and natural polymers--light scattering, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (A4F). Featuring numerous up-to-date examples of experimental results obtained by light scattering, SEC, and A4F measurements, Light Scattering, Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation takes an all-in-one approach to deliver a complete and thorough explanation of the principles, theories, and instrumentation needed to characterize polymers from the viewpoint of their molar mass distribution, size, branching, and aggregation. This comprehensive resource: Is the only book gathering light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation into a single text Systematically compares results of size exclusion chromatography with results of asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, and how these two methods complement each other Provides in-depth guidelines for reproducible and correct determination of molar mass and molecular size of polymers using SEC or A4F coupled with a multi-angle light scattering detector Offers a detailed overview of the methodology, detection, and characterization of polymer branching Light Scattering, Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation should be of great interest to all those engaged in the polymer analysis and characterization in industrial and university research, as well as in manufacturing quality control laboratories. Both beginners and experienced can confidently rely on this volume to confirm their own understanding or to help interpret their results.
Light-Based Science: Technology and Sustainable Development, The Legacy of Ibn al-Haytham
by Azzedine Boudrioua Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan Roshdi RashedThis book discusses light-based science, emphasizing its pervasive influence in science, technology, policy, and education. A wide range of contributors offers a comprehensive study of the tremendous, and indeed foundational, contributions of Ibn al Haytham, a scholar from the medieval period. The analysis then moves into the future development of light-based technology. Written as a multi-disciplinary reference book by leading scholars in the history of science and /or photonics, it covers Ibn al Haytham’s optics, LED lighting for sustainable development, global and atomic-scale time with new light sources, advanced technology, and vision science. Cutting-edge optical technologies and their global impact is addressed in detail, and the later chapters also explore challenges with renewable energy, the global impact of photonics, and optical and photonic education technology. Practical examples and illustrations are provided throughout the text.
Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Processes, Devices and Applications (Solid State Lighting Technology and Application Series #4)
by Jinmin Li G. Q. ZhangComprehensive in scope, this book covers the latest progresses of theories, technologies and applications of LEDs based on III-V semiconductor materials, such as basic material physics, key device issues (homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy of the materials on different substrates, quantum efficiency and novel structures, and more), packaging, and system integration. The authors describe the latest developments of LEDs with spectra coverage from ultra-violet (UV) to the entire visible light wavelength. The major aspects of LEDs, such as material growth, chip structure, packaging, and reliability are covered, as well as emerging and novel applications beyond the general and conventional lightings. This book, written by leading authorities in the field, is indispensable reading for researchers and students working with semiconductors, optoelectronics, and optics. Addresses novel LED applications such as LEDs for healthcare and wellbeing, horticulture, and animal breeding; Editor and chapter authors are global leading experts from the scientific and industry communities, and their latest research findings and achievements are included; Foreword by Hiroshi Amano, one of the 2014 winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on light-emitting diodes.
Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells
by Rubén D. CostaThis book presents the recent achievements towards the next generation of Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC). Its first part focus on the definition, history and mechanism of LEC, going then to concepts and challenges and, finally, giving the reader examples of current application of new electroluminescent materials. The chapters are written by different international groups working on LEC.
Light-Matter Interactions Towards the Nanoscale (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics)
by John Collins Maura Cesaria Antonio Calà LesinaThe investigation of light-matter interactions in materials, especially those on the nanoscale, represents perhaps the most promising avenue for scientific progress in the fields of photonics and plasmonics. This book examines a variety of topics, starting from fundamental principles, leading to the current state of the art research. For example, this volume includes a chapter on the sensing of biological molecules with optical resonators (microspheres) combined with plasmonic systems, where the response this system are described in a fundamental and elegant manner using coupled mode theory. Symmetry plays a major role in the book. One chapter on time reversal symmetry in electromagnetic theory describes how to control the properties of light (e.g. scattering and directionality of the flow of light) in materials with certain topological invariants. Another chapter where symmetry is prominent reformulates, using a gentle and pedagogical approach, Maxwell’s Equations into a new set of fields that reveal a “handedness” symmetry in electromagnetic theory, which can be applied to photonic systems in, for example, the sensing of chiral molecules and understanding the conditions for zero reflection. Also, for students and researchers starting in the field of nanoplasmonics, the book includes a tutorial on the finite element time domain simulation of nanoplasmonic systems. Other topics include photonic systems for quantum computing, nanoplasmonics, and optical properties of nano and bulk materials. The authors take a pedagogical approach to their topic, making the book an excellent reference for graduate students and scientists starting in the fields of photonics or plasmonics.
Light-Responsive Nanostructured Systems for Applications in Nanomedicine
by Salvatore SortinoThe series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores
by Daniel KlingerThe triggered release of functional compounds from such polymeric carriers as micelles, nanoparticles or nanogels is a rapidly developing and highly versatile concept which is expected to be one of the key approaches to future therapeutics. In his thesis, Daniel Klinger highlights the approach of stimuli-responsive microgels for such applications and discusses why especially light as a trigger has an outstanding position amongst the family of conventional stimuli. Based on these considerations, the author focuses on the design, synthesis and characterization of novel photo-sensitive microgels and nanoparticles as potential materials for the loading and light-triggered release/accessibility of functional compounds. Starting from the synthesis of photo-cleavable organic building blocks and their use in the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles, continuing to the examination of their loading and release profiles, and concluding with biological in vitro studies of the final materials, Daniel Klinger's work is an excellent example of the multidisciplinary research needed for the successful development of new materials in this field and has led to a number of further publications in internationally respected journals.
Lighter Than Air Systems: Proceedings of the International Conference on Design and Engineering of Lighter-Than-Air Systems 2022 (DELTAs-2022) (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Dhwanil ShuklaThis book presents select peer reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Design and Engineering of Lighter-Than-Air Systems (DELTAs 2022) which was held at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. It highlights current research trends and advancements in the field of lighter-than-air (LTA) systems. The topics covered include design (conventional and unconventional), aerodynamics (CFD), structures, loads and materials, stability and control, operations and ground handling, multidisciplinary design optimization, and novel applications of LTA systems. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in lighter-than-air systems and allied fields.
Lighter than Air Robots: Guidance and Control of Autonomous Airships
by Yasmina Bestaoui SebbaneAn aerial robot is a system capable of sustained flight with no direct human control and able to perform a specific task. A lighter than air robot is an aerial robot that relies on the static lift to balance its own weight. It can also be defined as a lighter than air unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned airship with sufficient autonomy. Lighter than air systems are particularly appealing since the energy to keep them airborne is small. They are increasingly considered for various tasks such as monitoring, surveillance, advertising, freight carrier, transportation. This book familiarizes readers with a hierarchical decoupled planning and control strategy that has been proven efficient through research. It is made up of a hierarchy of modules with well defined functions operating at a variety of rates, linked together from top to bottom. The outer loop, closed periodically, consists of a discrete search that produces a set of waypoints leading to the goal while avoiding obstacles and weighed regions. The second level smoothes this set so that the generated paths are feasible given the vehicle's velocity and accelerations limits. The third level generates flyable, timed trajectories and the last one is the tracking controller that attempts to minimize the error between the robot measured trajectory and the reference trajectory. This hierarchy is reflected in the structure and content of the book. Topics treated are: Modelling, Flight Planning, Trajectory Design and Control. Finally, some actual projects are described in the appendix. This volume will prove useful for researchers and practitioners working in Robotics and Automation, Aerospace Technology, Control and Artificial Intelligence.
Lighting
by D. C. PritchardLighting, now in its sixth edition, is the standard text on the principles and practice of lighting interiors and exteriors. The book introduces all the main principles of light and colour, along with the design of general lighting schemes. It complies with the CIBSE lighting code and guides, covers the main calculations that a lighting designer needs to do and includes worked examples.The book starts with the theory of light and how it is perceived by the eye. It looks at the units used and the subjective effect of colour. The characteristics of various types of lamp are described along with luminaires (the equipment that contains the lamps). The effects of daylight on light levels indoors are described before going on to look at the design of general lighting schemes. The book concludes with chapters looking at lighting for specific applications including roadway lighting, floodlighting, and the interior of specific building types.