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Light Scattering Technology for Food Property, Quality and Safety Assessment (Contemporary Food Engineering)
by Renfu LuLight Scattering Technology for Food Property, Quality and Safety Assessment discusses the development and application of various light scattering techniques for measuring the structural and rheological properties of food, evaluating composition and quality attributes, and detecting pathogens in food. The first four chapters cover basic concepts, principles, theories, and modeling of light transfer in food and biological materials. Chapters 5 and 6 describe parameter estimation methods and basic techniques for determining optical absorption and scattering properties of food products. Chapter 7 discusses the spatially-resolved measurement technique for determining the optical properties of food and biological materials, whereas Chapter 8 focuses on the time-resolved spectroscopic technique for measuring optical properties and quality or maturity of horticultural products. Chapter 9 examines practical light scattering techniques for nondestructive quality assessment of fruits and vegetables. Chapter 10 presents the theory of light transfer in meat muscle and the measurement of optical properties for determining the postmortem condition and textural properties of muscle foods and meat analogs. Chapter 11 covers the applications of spatially-resolved light scattering techniques for assessing quality and safety of animal products. Chapter 12 looks into light scattering for milk and dairy processing. Chapter 13 examines the applications of dynamic light scattering for measuring the microstructure and rheological properties of food. Chapter 14 shows the applications of a biospeckle technique for assessing the quality and condition of fruits and vegetables. Chapter 15 provides a detailed description of Raman scattering spectroscopic and imaging techniques in food quality and safety assessment. Chapter 16, the final chapter, focuses on applications of light scattering techniques for the detection of food-borne pathogens.
Light Science: Physics and the Visual Arts (Undergraduate Texts In Contemporary Physics Ser.)
by Thomas D. Rossing Christopher J. ChiaverinaIntended for students in the visual arts and for others with an interest in art, but with no prior knowledge of physics, this book presents the science behind what and how we see. The approach emphasises phenomena rather than mathematical theories and the joy of discovery rather than the drudgery of derivations. The text includes numerous problems, and suggestions for simple experiments, and also considers such questions as why the sky is blue, how mirrors and prisms affect the colour of light, how compact disks work, and what visual illusions can tell us about the nature of perception. It goes on to discuss such topics as the optics of the eye and camera, the different sources of light, photography and holography, colour in printing and painting, as well as computer imaging and processing.
Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores
by Daniel KlingerThe triggered release of functional compounds from such polymeric carriers as micelles, nanoparticles or nanogels is a rapidly developing and highly versatile concept which is expected to be one of the key approaches to future therapeutics. In his thesis, Daniel Klinger highlights the approach of stimuli-responsive microgels for such applications and discusses why especially light as a trigger has an outstanding position amongst the family of conventional stimuli. Based on these considerations, the author focuses on the design, synthesis and characterization of novel photo-sensitive microgels and nanoparticles as potential materials for the loading and light-triggered release/accessibility of functional compounds. Starting from the synthesis of photo-cleavable organic building blocks and their use in the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles, continuing to the examination of their loading and release profiles, and concluding with biological in vitro studies of the final materials, Daniel Klinger's work is an excellent example of the multidisciplinary research needed for the successful development of new materials in this field and has led to a number of further publications in internationally respected journals.
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
by Emmanuel G. Reynaud Pavel TomančákLight Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy An indispensable guide to a novel, revolutionary fluorescence microscopy technique! Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized microscopy, since it allows scientists to perform experiments in an entirely different manner and to record data that had not been accessible before. With contributions from noted experts in the fields of physics, biology, and computer science, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy is a unique guide that offers a practical approach to the subject, including information on the basics of light sheet fluorescence microscopy, instrumentation, applications, sample preparation, and data analysis. Comprehensive in scope, the book is filled with the cutting-edge methods as well as valuable insider tips. Grounded in real-world applications, the book includes chapters from major manufacturers that explores their recent systems and developments. In addition, the book hightlights a discussion of a “do-it-yourself” light sheet microscope, making the technique affordable for every laboratory. This important textbook: Serves as an easy-to-understand introduction to light sheet-based fluorescence Includes numerous tips and tricks for advanced practitioners Provides in-depth information on hardware and software solutions for a straightforward implementation of light sheet fluorescence microscopy in the lab Includes chapters from the major manufacturers including Zeiss, Leica, Lavision Biotech, Phase View, and Asi Aimed at cell biologists, biophysicists, developmental biologists, and neuro-biologists, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent applications of this microscopy technique.
Light Sources: Basics of Lighting Technologies and Applications
by Spiros Kitsinelis Spyridon KitsinelisDecide Which Lighting Technology Is Best for Your ApplicationLight Sources, Second Edition: Basics of Lighting Technologies and Applications presents an overview of the three main technologies that have produced the numerous families of lighting products on the market today: electrical incandescence, electrical gas discharges, and semiconductor lig
Light Speaks
by Christine LaytonSpare, lovely text and gorgeous, color-saturated illustrations make a compelling presentation. An enchanting picture book about the joyful, mysterious, awe-inspiring messages of light, whether emanating from a firefly or the sun, fireworks or the Big Bang, boats at sea or a bolt of lightning, a movie projector or a rainbow. Luciana Navarro Powell’s illustrations follow a group of kids through a magical day and evening in a seacoast town, while Christine Layton’s lyrical text explores the natural history of light. Backmatter provides further adventures in the science of light.
Light This Candle: The Life and Times of Alan Shepard
by Neal ThompsonAlan Shepard was the brashest, cockiest, and most flamboyant of America's original Mercury Seven, but he was also regarded as the best. Intense, colorful, and dramatic, he was among the most private of America's public figures and, until his death in 1998, he guarded the story of his life zealously. Light This Candle, based on Neal Thompson's exclusive access to private papers and interviews with Shepard's family and closest friends--including John Glenn, Wally Schirra, and Gordon Cooper--offers a riveting, action-packed account of Shepard's life.
Light Waves
by David A. AdlerFascinating physics facts a young scientist needs to know, from one of the most trusted teams in STEM for children!This kid-friendly introduction to the physics of light covers the basics of solar energy, the electromagnetic spectrum, photon particles, light scattering, and reflection and refraction. Readers will follow along as two children and a cow in a lab coat learn how light works in realistic and imaginative scenarios.With accessible language, grounded examples, and easy, hands-on experiments you can do with household items, David A. Adler explains the basics of how light travels and bends. Anna Raff's bright, humorous illustrations make an intimidating topic easy-- and fun!-- to understand. This colorful picture book is a perfect supplement to lessons on light waves, and a great way to explore the topic at home. Named a finalist for the AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books in the Children's category, Light Waves is a must-have book for all self-professed science nerds!
Light Weight Materials: Processing and Characterization
by Kaushik Kumar Bathini Sridhar Babu J. Paulo DavimIn the automotive and aerospace industries, the need for strong yet light materials has given rise to extensive research into aluminum and magnesium alloys and formable titanium alloys. All of these are categorized as light weight materials. The distinguishing feature of light weight materials is that they are low density, but they have a wide range of properties and, as a result, a wide range of applications. This book provides researchers and students with an overview of the recent advancements in light weight material processing, manufacturing and characterization. It contains chapters by eminent researchers on topics associated with light weight materials, including on the current buzzword “composite materials”. First, this book describes the current status of light weight materials. Then, it studies applications of these materials, given that, as the densities vary, so do the applications, ranging from automobiles and aviation to bio-mechatronics. This book will therefore serve as an excellent guide to this field.
Light Weighting for Defense, Aerospace, and Transportation (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by N. Eswara Prasad Amol A. Gokhale Biswajit BasuThis book covers recent developments and current status of various materials, designs, and manufacturing practices which together contribute towards weight reduction of systems used in defense, aerospace, and automotive sectors. The topics covered in the volume range from new manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, intermetallics, aluminum-based solutions, near net-shaped processes, ultra-light weight metal foam and honeycomb based sandwich structures, advanced high strength steels, magnesium alloy castings and carbon fiber composites. It also talks about specific manufacturing and characterization techniques, property variability and reliability of light weight components. This volume will be useful to researchers, professionals, and students working in the fields of aerospace, transportation and defense.
Lighter than Air Robots: Guidance and Control of Autonomous Airships
by Yasmina Bestaoui SebbaneAn aerial robot is a system capable of sustained flight with no direct human control and able to perform a specific task. A lighter than air robot is an aerial robot that relies on the static lift to balance its own weight. It can also be defined as a lighter than air unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned airship with sufficient autonomy. Lighter than air systems are particularly appealing since the energy to keep them airborne is small. They are increasingly considered for various tasks such as monitoring, surveillance, advertising, freight carrier, transportation. This book familiarizes readers with a hierarchical decoupled planning and control strategy that has been proven efficient through research. It is made up of a hierarchy of modules with well defined functions operating at a variety of rates, linked together from top to bottom. The outer loop, closed periodically, consists of a discrete search that produces a set of waypoints leading to the goal while avoiding obstacles and weighed regions. The second level smoothes this set so that the generated paths are feasible given the vehicle's velocity and accelerations limits. The third level generates flyable, timed trajectories and the last one is the tracking controller that attempts to minimize the error between the robot measured trajectory and the reference trajectory. This hierarchy is reflected in the structure and content of the book. Topics treated are: Modelling, Flight Planning, Trajectory Design and Control. Finally, some actual projects are described in the appendix. This volume will prove useful for researchers and practitioners working in Robotics and Automation, Aerospace Technology, Control and Artificial Intelligence.
Lighter Than Air Systems: Proceedings of the International Conference on Design and Engineering of Lighter-Than-Air Systems 2022 (DELTAs-2022) (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Dhwanil ShuklaThis book presents select peer reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Design and Engineering of Lighter-Than-Air Systems (DELTAs 2022) which was held at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. It highlights current research trends and advancements in the field of lighter-than-air (LTA) systems. The topics covered include design (conventional and unconventional), aerodynamics (CFD), structures, loads and materials, stability and control, operations and ground handling, multidisciplinary design optimization, and novel applications of LTA systems. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in lighter-than-air systems and allied fields.
Lighting
by D. C. PritchardLighting, now in its sixth edition, is the standard text on the principles and practice of lighting interiors and exteriors. The book introduces all the main principles of light and colour, along with the design of general lighting schemes. It complies with the CIBSE lighting code and guides, covers the main calculations that a lighting designer needs to do and includes worked examples.The book starts with the theory of light and how it is perceived by the eye. It looks at the units used and the subjective effect of colour. The characteristics of various types of lamp are described along with luminaires (the equipment that contains the lamps). The effects of daylight on light levels indoors are described before going on to look at the design of general lighting schemes. The book concludes with chapters looking at lighting for specific applications including roadway lighting, floodlighting, and the interior of specific building types.
Lighting Controls Handbook
by Craig DiLouieIntended for energy managers, electrical engineers, building managers, lighting designers, consultants, and other electrical professionals, this book provides a practical description of major lighting controls types and how to apply them. It's a comprehensive step-by-step educational tour of lighting automation technology and its practical design and application, with useful discussion about the purpose and benefits of lighting controls, emphasizing the achieving of relevant energy savings, as well as support of occupant visual needs and preferences. The book shows readers how to take advantage of the many benefits of today's sophisticated controls, including expanded energy saving opportunities, and increased flexibility, reliability and interoperability.
Lighting Engineering: Applied Calculations
by R. H. Simons A.R. Bean'Lighting Engineering: Applied Calculations' describes the mathematical background to the calculation techniques used in lighting engineering and links them to the applications with which they are used. The fundamentals of flux and illuminance, colour, measurement and optical design are covered in detail. There are detailed discussions of specific applications, including interior lighting, road lighting, tunnel lighting, floodlighting and emergency lighting. The authors have used their years of experience to provide guidance for common mistakes and useful techniques including worked examples and case studies.The last decade has seen the universal application of personal computers to lighting engineering on a day-to-day basis. Many calculations that were previously impracticable are therefore now easily accessible to any engineer or designer who has access to an appropriate computer program. However, a grasp of the underlying calculation principles is still necessary in order to utilise these technologies to the full. Written by two of the leading authorities on this subject, 'Lighting Engineering' is essential reading for practising lighting engineers, designers and architects, and students in the field of lighting.
Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicles, Signs, and Signals
by Peter BoyceVehicle, road, sign, and signal lighting are provided to enable drivers to reach their destinations quickly and safely. However, the attention given to how these forms of lighting function is likely to change as new technology is introduced and understanding of ergonomics and human factors improves. Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicle, Signs and Signals, Second Edition shows the crucial role lighting plays in road safety and examines how it could be used more effectively. With light-emitting diodes (LEDs) becoming the lighting source of choice for transport planners and vehicle designers, this book integrates information on road lighting, vehicle lighting, signs, and signals in one handy volume.International in scope and updated for this new edition, this book features lighting examples from the USA, the UK, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. Lighting in common vehicle types including cars, vans, trucks, and motorcycles is covered as well as the visibility of pedestrians and cyclists to drivers. Coverage extends to road lighting, traffic markings, vehicle designs, and internal lighting and weather conditions. Now fully updated, a final chapter looks at the future of lighting in relation to driving. The book will help the reader to understand how lighting systems on roads and vehicles work by explaining the thinking and scientific reasoning behind various forms of lighting and analyzing their contribution to the driver’s understanding of real and potential road hazards.This book will be an ideal read for ergonomists and engineers engaged in transport and road engineering, transport planners, civil engineers, vehicle designers, and electrical engineers.
Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicles, Signs, and Signals
by Peter R. BoyceIntegrates Vehicle, Signal, and Road Lighting into a Unified SystemMany people drive many miles after dark and rely on lighting to help them gather information about the road ahead and the presence and intentions of other people on and near the road. With new technology on the industry's horizon, Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicle, Signs and Sign
Lighting Redesign for Existing Buildings
by Craig DiLouieIn Lighting Redesign for Existing Buildings, veteran journalist and educator Craig DiLouie identifies opportunities to both save energy and improve lighting performance in existing buildings. The book outlines the decision-making process behind whether to retrofit or redesign an existing lighting system, describes basic lighting design techniques and how to evaluate lighting equipment, details lighting legislation and energy codes, identifies advanced lighting strategies, and describes the role planned maintenance can play in saving energy and ensuring long-term performance. Readers will gain in-depth insight into assessing and capturing their opportunities with better lighting.
Lighting Technology: Fundamentals of Illuminating Engineering
by Meike Barfuss Alexander Rosemann Dirk Seifert Werner OsterhausLighting Technology offers a comprehensive and complete overview on the field. It is a translation of the 5th edition of the German textbook "Beleuchtungstechnik" by Huss Media, Berlin. It introduces the fundamentals of lighting technology and discusses concepts for good lighting and daylighting design. This book is widely used in German universities and has already helped generations of students to graduate and kick-off their professional career in the field of lighting. Valuable contributions to this book came from a group of well-established lighting experts consisting of academics and design professionals. It covers the following key aspects: Fundamentals of Lighting Technology, Light Sources and Auxiliary Devices, Luminaires, Lighting Control, Illumination with Daylight, Illumination Systems for Interior Spaces, and Illumination Systems for Exterior Spaces. The motivation for this book was initiated in National lighting associations including but not limited to the German LiTG, the Dutch NSVV andthe Intelligent Lighting Institute ILI of Eindhoven University of Technology with the goal to transfer expert knowledge to everybody interested in broadening his knowledge in the field of lighting technology and illuminating engineering, like university students, researchers and lighting designers. It is suitable to serve as a supportive source of knowledge and reference when studying lighting technology or pursuing a professional qualification as ELE (European Lighting Expert) offered by ELEA, the European Lighting Expert Association. The book provides all the knowledge necessary for working on and successfully completing innovative lighting projects.
Lighting the Way: The Story of Special Relativity
by Stephen WhittWhat is a light beam? What are photon particles? What are all things made of? These are questions young Einstein asked himself; questions that would change our world forever. Travel along with young Einstein to learn about his discoveries, still in motion today!
Lighting the World: Transforming Our Energy Future by Bringing Electricity to Everyone
by Jim Rogers Stephen P. WilliamsA former power company executive “makes his provocative case for powering up the Third World” (Discover).Without electricity, everything is harder. Imagine no cell phones, refrigerators, kitchen lights, or radios. Imagine having to finish all the day’s tasks—cooking, working, cleaning—before the sun goes down. Your children couldn’t do homework; you couldn’t read. It seems unthinkable today, yet this is how a staggering number of people on Earth still live. But Jim Rogers believes that can soon change—transforming not only people’s daily lives, but also their hopes for the future.In Lighting the World, Rogers describes how an international coalition can come together to secure financing, spearhead the newest and cleanest technologies, and work with the governments, entrepreneurs, and NGOs already on the ground to ensure that everyone has access to a steady and reliable supply of power. In today’s competitive world, Rogers believes, that shouldn’t be an accidental privilege, but a fundamental human right.Praise for Lighting the World“A passionate, but not ideological, argument that offers a practical approach to solving real problems.” —Kirkus Reviews“An enthusiastic account and a great starting point for readers curious about sustainable, worldwide electricity.” —Library Journal“In Lighting the World, Jim Rogers treats us to two books in one: a gripping journey around the dramatic world of energy for the poor combined with a fascinating account of what it takes to run and innovate a major U.S. utility.” —Dan Kammen, Professor of Energy, Energy and Resources Group & Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California
Lighting Up the Brain: The Science of Optogenetics
by Marc ZimmerWhat if neuroscientists could look inside the human brain and watch individual brain cells send signals to one another? What if they could then control these brain cells to direct thoughts and actions? This may sound like science fiction, but it's actually a scientific revolution called optogenetics. Neuroscientists would like to use this new technology on human brains to uncover secrets about how the brain processes information and drives human behavior. Doctors hope to use optogenetics to restore sight and to treat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and other debilitating or deadly health problems. Discover how the innovative work of leaders in the field is poised to radically transform science, medicine, and human health.
Light–Matter Interaction: A Crash Course for Students of Optics, Photonics and Materials Science (UNITEXT for Physics)
by Olaf StenzelThis book offers a didactic introduction to light–matter interactions at both the classical and semi-classical levels. Pursuing an approach that describes the essential physics behind the functionality of any optical element, it acquaints students with the broad areas of optics and photonics. Its rigorous, bottom-up approach to the subject, using model systems ranging from individual atoms and simple molecules to crystalline and amorphous solids, gradually builds up the reader’s familiarity and confidence with the subject matter. Throughout the book, the detailed mathematical treatment and examples of practical applications are accompanied by problems with worked-out solutions. In short, the book provides the most essential information for any graduate or advanced undergraduate student wishing to begin their course of study in the field of photonics, or to brush up on important concepts prior to an examination.
Lightning: Science, Engineering, and Economic Implications for Developing Countries (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #780)
by Chandima GomesThis book highlights the essential theoretical and practical aspects of lightning, lightning protection, safety and education. Additionally, several auxiliary topics that are required to understand the core themes are also included. The main objective of the contents is to enlighten the scientists, researchers, engineers and social activists (including policy makers) in developing countries regarding the key information related to lightning and thunderstorms. A majority of developing countries are in tropics where the lightning characteristics are somewhat different from those in temperate regions. The housing structures and power/communication networks, and human behavioural patterns(that depends on socio-economic parameters) in these countries are also different from those in the developed world. As the existing books on similar themes address only those scenarios in developed countries, this book serves a vast spectrum of readership in developing world who seek knowledge in the principles of lightning and a practical guidance on lightning protection and safety education.
Lightning Discharges: Formation, Terminologies, Measurements and Theory (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Pitri Bhakta Adhikari Aashutosh AdhikariThis book highlights the basic information about lightning. It is an unpredictable disaster, and it is an extremely complex electrical discharge phenomenon. A complete theory of lightning does not exist till now. This book elaborates on the basic formation of lightning, terminologies related to lightning, and the preliminary lightning theory. There are different types of lightning, such as cloud flashes, ground flashes (both positive and negative), and air discharges. This book explains some unusual events related to lightning and inspects innovation. This book also describes the measurement of electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning, which are the basic parameters for lightning fundamentals.