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Modulated Measurement and Engineering Systems for Microwave Power Transistors: Characterisation and Linearisation of Nonlinear Microwave Devices for Wireless Communication Systems
by Muhammad Akmal ChaudharyThe complexity requirements of future wireless communication systems now indeed demand a more general theoretically robust design methodology for nonlinear circuits, such as the power amplifiers. The present design methodology for nonlinear Radio Frequenc
Modulation and Coding Techniques in Wireless Communications
by Sergei Semenov Evgenii KroukThe high level of technical detail included in standards specifications can make it difficult to find the correlation between the standard specifications and the theoretical results. This book aims to cover both of these elements to give accessible information and support to readers. It explains the current and future trends on communication theory and shows how these developments are implemented in contemporary wireless communication standards.Examining modulation, coding and multiple access techniques, the book is divided into two major sections to cover these functions. The two-stage approach first treats the basics of modulation and coding theory before highlighting how these concepts are defined and implemented in modern wireless communication systems. Part 1 is devoted to the presentation of main L1 procedures and methods including modulation, coding, channel equalization and multiple access techniques. In Part 2, the uses of these procedures and methods in the wide range of wireless communication standards including WLAN, WiMax, WCDMA, HSPA, LTE and cdma2000 are considered.An essential study of the implementation of modulation and coding techniques in modern standards of wireless communication Bridges the gap between the modulation coding theory and the wireless communications standards material Divided into two parts to systematically tackle the topic - the first part develops techniques which are then applied and tailored to real world systems in the second part Covers special aspects of coding theory and how these can be effectively applied to improve the performance of wireless communications systems
Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease
by Naranjan S. Dhalla Nirmal K. Ganguly Sajal Chakraborti Madhu DikshitThis book highlights the multifaceted roles of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in modulating normal cellular and molecular mechanisms during the development of different types of heart disease. Each chapter in the book deals with the role that altered redox homeostasis plays in the pathophysiology of heart disease. In addition, the book explains how reactive oxidant species interact with their targets and provides novel strategies for attenuating oxidative stress-induced types of heart disease.The book not only covers ROS-induced response in heart disease at the cellular level, but also demonstrates that an imbalance of redox states has its roots in our genes, and explains the ways gene expression is regulated. In turn, it reviews potential sources of ROS, their pathological effects on the heart, and potential sites for therapeutic interventions.
Modulation Theory
by Marcelo Sampaio AlencarIn recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance analysis and evaluation of modulation schemes to be used in wireless and optical networks, towards the development of the next and future generations of mobile cellular communication systems. Modulation Theory is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Modulation Theory or Communication Systems, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the communications area. The modulation aspects presented in the book use modern concepts of stochastic processes, such as autocorrelation and power spectrum density, which are novel for undergraduate texts or professional books, and provides a general approach for the theory, with real life results, applied to professional design. This text is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses, and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with the a modern exposition of the modulation theory. The books covers signal representations for most known waveforms, Fourier analysis, and presents an introduction to Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals. It introduces the concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes, including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, power spectral and cross-spectral densities, for random signals, and their applications to the analysis of linear systems. This chapter also includes the response of specific non-linear systems, such as power amplifiers. The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem.
Moisture Sensitivity of Plastic Packages of IC Devices
by X. J. Fan E. SuhirMoisture Sensitivity of Plastic Packages of IC Devices provides information on the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies related to moisture issues in plastic packages. The most updated, in-depth and systematic technical and theoretical approaches are addressed in the book. Numerous industrial applications are provided, along with the results of the most recent research and development efforts, including, but not limited to: thorough exploration of moisture's effects based on lectures and tutorials by the authors, consistent focus on solution-based approaches and methodologies for improved reliability in plastic packaging, emerging theories and cutting-edge industiral applications presented by the leading professionals in the field.<P> Moisture plays a key role in the reliability of plastic packages of IC devices, and moisture-induced failures have become an increasing concern with the development of advanced IC devices. This second volume in the Micro- and Opto-Electronic Materials, Structures, and Systems series is a must-read for researchers and engineers alike.<P> Advisory: It has been reported to us that this book contains equations, tables, and graphs that have been rendered by the publisher as images without image descriptions.
Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete: Experimental Investigations and Computational Modeling
by Lutz H. FrankeMoisture Storage and Transport in Concrete Comprehensive insight on moisture transport in cement-based materials by means of experimental investigations and computer simulations Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete explores how moisture moves through cementitious materials, focusing on its absorption, storage, and distribution with the help of experimental investigations and computer simulations. The text discusses the different ways moisture moves, such as through vapor or capillary action, as well as how it affects the properties of cement-based materials, offering new insights and models to help understand and predict moisture behavior in these materials, which can be important for construction and maintenance. After a short introduction to the topic, the text is split into five chapters. Chapter 1 covers surface energetic principles for moisture storage in porous materials. Chapter 2 explores real pore structure and calculation methods for composition parameters. Chapter 3 explains basic equations for the description of moisture transport. Chapter 4 discusses experimental investigation results with regard to the modeling of moisture transport in concrete materials. Chapter 5 showcases modeling of moisture transport, taking into account sorption hysteresis and time-dependent material changes. Written by a highly qualified author, Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete also includes discussion on: Dependence of surface energy of water on temperature, on relative humidity of air, and for aqueous salt solutionsCalculation of the pore size dependent distribution of inner surfaces using the moisture storage functionTemperature influence on the capillary transport coefficients and differences between capillary pressure and hydraulic external pressureAdsorption and desorption isotherms of the CEMI reference material and causes of differences between adsorption and desorption isothermsSorption isotherms and scanning isotherms of hardened cement paste and concreteModeling of vapor transport and drying by evaporation of concrete Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete is an essential reference to help researchers and professionals to make informed decisions for the construction of concrete-based infrastructure, enabling them to avoid common issues such as corrosion of reinforcement steel, deterioration of concrete strength, and the growth of mold and mildew.
Moisture Transport in Polymer Composite Materials: Computational Modelling and Experiments (Advanced Structured Materials #160)
by J.M.P.Q. Delgado A. G. Barbosa de Lima Laura H. CarvalhoThis book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.
Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Sustainable Development
by Mariusz Holtzer Angelika KmitaThe metal casting, uses large amounts of natural resources, energy and metals as well as generates significant amounts of gases and solid wastes, which have an essential influence on the natural environment and work conditions in casting houses. The condition of the further development is the adjustment to the strategy of the sustainable development.This book examines potential solutions to the economic, ecological, and occupational hazards generated by the foundry industry. It focuses on emissions of chemical compounds during the preparation and formation of molding sands, molds pouring with molten metal, molds cooling and castings knocking out. It also addresses the effects of the spent molding sands reclamation process and the influence of spent sands on the environment during their storage. Establishing the most sustainable techniques for limiting the negative impact of foundry processes on the environment is explored in detail. The book will be valuable to academics and industry professionals alike.Describes the mechanisms of hardening and thermal destruction of individual binders in moulding and core sands;Assesses the influence of moulding and core sands technology on the environment;Discusses state of the art moulding and core sand technology.
A Moldy Mystery (Science Solves It!)
by Michelle KnudsenSolve kid-sized dilemmas and mysteries with the Science Solves It! series. These fun books for kids ages 5–8 blend clever stories with real-life science. Why did the dog turn green? Can you control a hiccup? Is that a UFO? Find the answers to these questions and more as kid characters dive into physical, life, and earth sciences. It's gross! It's aliiiive! After a moldy mix-up, Jeff has to do the unthinkable—and fast! Books in this perfect STEM series will help kids think like scientists and get ahead in the classroom. Activities and experiments are included in every book! (Level Two; Science topic: Mold)
Molecular Advances in Insect Resistance of Field Crops: Modern and Applied Approaches
by Amarjit S. TandaBased on the understanding that tolerance to pest pressure increases with less crop stress, this book covers all aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance in field crops. Detailed descriptions, accompanied by numerous photographs and schematic drawings, are available for “hot topics” such as genetically engineered crops, crispr/cas9 system, insect pest resistance technology, host plant resistance, and other major breakthroughs. Specific case studies include, but not limit to, the use of insect resistant cultivars in IPMT programs, utilization of glucosinolate-myrosinase processes in oilseed crops, and role of genetic in rice breeding technology.
Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Vitamins
by George F.M. BallMolecular and Cellular Biology of the Vitamins is a key resource describing how vitamins function as physiologically active molecules at the cellular level. The contents of the book are divided into four sections including a thorough introduction; biological perspectives; fat-soluble vitamins; and water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin chapters cover information on chemical structures; intestinal absorption; plasma transport and metabolism; biochemical and physiological actions; regulations of gene expression; immunological properties; deficiency-related diseases. The 'perspectives' chapters facilitate the understanding of vitamin biology; including the theory of biochemistry, physiology, endocrinology, molecular genetics, and immunology.Features· Facilitates learning and understanding through a logical flow of information.· Discusses vitamin 'behavior' across a wide range of biological disciplines.· Discusses immunological and deficiency-related diseases including coronary artery disease, diabetes and cancer; and potential toxicity.Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Vitamins appeals to those involved in vitamin research or teaching, postgraduate students studying nutrition or health-related topics, health practitioners, and scientists.
Molecular and Colloidal Electro-optics
by Stoyl P. Stoylov Maria V. StoimenovaMolecular and Colloidal Electro-Optics presents cohesive coverage from internationally recognized experts on new approaches and developments in both theoretical and experimental areas of electro-optic science. It comprises a well-integrated yet multi-disciplinary treatment of fundamental principles, strategies, and applications of electro-op
Molecular- and Nano-Tubes
by Oliver Hayden Kornelius NielschMolecular- and Nano-Tubes summarizes recent advancements in the synthesis, fabrication and applications of tubular structures. An interdisciplinary overview of innovative science focused on tubular structures is provided. The reader is offered an overview of the different fields that molecular and nano tubes appear in, in order to learn the fundamental basics as well as the applications of these materials. This book also: Shows how nanotechnology creates novel materials by crossing the barriers between biology and material science, electronics and optics, medicine and moreDemonstrates that tubes are a fundamental element in nature and used in disparate applications such as ion channels and carbon nanotubes Molecular- and Nano-Tubes is an ideal volume for researchers and engineers working in materials science and nanotechnology.
The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops
by Malcolm J. Hawkesford Peter BarracloughEfforts to increase efficient nutrient use by crops are of growing importance as the global demand for food, fibre and fuel increases and competition for resources intensifies. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops provides both a timely summary of the latest advances in the field as well as anticipating directions for future research. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops bridges the gap between agronomic practice and molecular biology by linking underpinning molecular mechanisms to the physiological and agronomic aspects of crop yield. These chapters provide an understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms that will allow researchers to continue to target and improve complex traits for crop improvement.Written by leading international researchers, The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops will be an essential resource for the crop science community for years to come.Special Features:coalesces current knowledge in the areas of efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crop plants with emphasis on modern developments addresses future directions in crop nutrition in the light of changing climate patterns including temperature and water availability bridges the gap between traditional agronomy and molecular biology with focus on underpinning molecular mechanisms and their effects on crop yield includes contributions from a leading team of global experts in both research and practical settings
Molecular Approaches in Plant Biology and Environmental Challenges (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Sudhir P. Singh Santosh Kumar Upadhyay Ashutosh Pandey Sunil KumarThis book discusses molecular approaches in plant as response to environmental factors, such as variations in temperature, water availability, salinity, and metal stress. The book also covers the impact of increasing global population, urbanization, and industrialization on these molecular behaviors. It covers the natural tolerance mechanism which plants adopt to cope with adverse environments, as well as the novel molecular strategies for engineering the plants in human interest. This book will be of interest to researchers working on the impact of the changing environment on plant ecology, issues of crop yield, and nutrient quantity and quality in agricultural crops. The book will be of interest to researchers as well as policy makers in the environmental and agricultural domains.
Molecular Architectonics
by Takuji OgawaThis book draws on the main themes covered during the International Workshop on Molecular Architectonics which took place in Shiretoko, Japan from August 3 to 6, 2015. The concepts and results explored in this book relate to the term "molecular architectonics" which stands for electronic, optical and information-processing functions being orchestrated by molecular assemblies. This area is defined as the third stage of single-molecule electronics and builds on stage one, where measurements were performed on single-molecule layered films, and stage two, the resulting quantitative analyses. In this work, experts come together to write about the most important aspects of molecular architectonics. This interdisciplinary, visionary and unique book is of interest to scientists working on electronic materials, surface science and information processing sciences using noise and fluctuation.
Molecular Architectonics and Nanoarchitectonics (Nanostructure Science and Technology)
by Thimmaiah Govindaraju Katsuhiko ArigaThis book is the ultimate assembly of recent research activities on molecular architectonics and nanoarchitectonics by authors who are worldwide experts. The book proposes new ways of creating functional materials at the nano level using the concepts of molecular architectonics and nanoarchitectonics, which are expected to be the next-generation approaches beyond conventional nanotechnology. All the contents are categorized by types of materials, organic materials, biomaterials, and nanomaterials. For that reason, non-specialists including graduate and undergraduate students can start reading the book from any points they would like. Cutting-edge trends in nanotechnology and material sciences are easily visible in the contents of the book, which is highly useful for both students and experimental materials scientists.
Molecular Assembly of Biomimetic Systems
by Junbai Li Qiang He Xuehai YanThis handy reference details state-of-the-art preparation of molecular assemblies of biotechnologically relevant biomimetic systems (artificial proteins, peptides, molecular motors, photosensitive systems) with an emphasis on biomimetic membranes, capsules, and interfaces. Medical applications such as drug release, gene therapy, and tissue engineering as well as biosensing, biocatalysis, and energy storage are highlighted.
Molecular Basics of Liquids and Liquid-Based Materials (Physical Chemistry in Action)
by Katsura Nishiyama Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi Toshiyuki Takamuku Norio YoshidaThis book sheds light on the molecular aspects of liquids and liquid-based materials such as organic or inorganic liquids, ionic liquids, proteins, biomaterials, and soft materials including gels. The reader discovers how the molecular basics of such systems are connected with their properties, dynamics, and functions. Once the use and application of liquids and liquid-based materials are understood, the book becomes a source of the latest, detailed knowledge of their structures, dynamics, and functions emerging from molecularity. The systems discussed in the book have structural dimensions varying from nanometers to millimeters, thus the precise estimation of structures and dynamics from experimental, theoretical, and simulation methods is of crucial importance. Outlines of the practical knowledge needed in research and development are helpfully included in the book.
Molecular Biology and Cultural Heritage
by C. Saiz-JimenezThis book contains forty reviewed papers delivered at the International Congress on Molecular Biology and Cultural Heritage held in Seville, March 2003. It is divided in four parts, the first one presents the state-of-the-art and reviews molecular techniques applied to the study of microbial communities colonizing monuments and cultural heritage assets. Part two covers specific molecular techniques used in biodetereoration studies, part three includes an updated overview on on-going biodetereoration European Commission projects, and part four presents selected biodetereoration case studies from all over the world.
Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering of Yeasts
by Henri HeslotMolecular Biology and Genetic Engineering of Yeasts presents a comprehensive examination of how yeasts are used in genetic engineering. The book discusses baker's yeast, in addition to a number of unconventional yeasts being used in an increasing number of studies. 175 figures help illustrate the information presented. Topics discussed include yeast transformation, yeast plasmids, protein localization and processing in yeast, protein secretion, various aspects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and heterologous expression and secretion.
Molecular Biology of Weed Control
by Jonathan GresselMolecular Biology of Weed Control assesses the impact of the new tools of molecular biology on the science of weed control as well as the ways in which the science of weed control has helped and influenced molecular biology. Accentuating the utility of molecular biology to contribute to the control of intransigent weed species both in the developing and developed world, the book also looks to the future and describes how molecular biology can be used to diminish the use of chemical herbicides, and enhance crop competitiveness for light, nutrients and water. This volume is essential reading for all weed scientists, environmental students, researchers, and regulators.
Molecular Biomineralization
by Werner E. MüllerThe concept of 'biomineralization' signifies mineralization processes that take place in close association with organic molecules or matrices. The awareness that mineral formation can be guided by organic molecules notably contributed to the understanding of the formation of the inorganic skeletons of living organisms. Modern electron microscopic and spectroscopic analyses have successfully demonstrated the participation of biological systems in several mineralization processes, and prominent examples include the formation of bio-silica in diatoms and sponges. This insight has already made the application of recombinant technology for the production of valuable inorganic polymers, such as bio-silica, possible. This polymer can be formed by silicatein under conditions that cannot be matched by chemical means. Similarly, the efforts described in this book have elucidated that certain organisms, bacteria in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and coccoliths in seamount crusts, are involved in the deposition of marine minerals. Strategies have already been developed to utilize such microorganisms for the biosynthesis and bioleaching of marine deposits. Moreover, studies reveal that bio-polymers enhance the hydroxyapatite formation of bone-forming cells and alter the expression of important regulators of bone resorption, suggesting a potential for bone regeneration and treatment / prevention of osteoporosis.
Molecular Breeding in Wheat, Maize and Sorghum: Strategies for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Yield
by Pradeep Kumar Natasha Sharma Shabir Hussain Wani Santosh Kumar Muhammad Sarwar Khan Charan Singh Rod Snowdon Pardeep Kumar Professor David Edwards Andrea Acuna Muhammad Amjad Ali John Amalraj Maria Arguello Arushi Arora Diana Ballesteros Bhoja R Basnet Salma Bhyan Richard Boyles Faïçal Brini Yibo Cao S Antony Ceasar Nidhi Chakma Subhadra Chakrabarty Moutoshi Chakraborty Harmeet Singh Chawla Dharampal Choudhary Mukesh Choudhary M C Dagla Mônica Furaste Danilevicz Abhijit Kumar Das Haixiao Dong Kate Dreher Susanne Dreisigacker Xiaorong Fan Maria Laura Federico Cassandria Tay Fernandez Ertugrul Filiz Monika Garg Claudia Teixeira Guimaraes Karama Hamdi K Hariprasanna Firoz Hossain Guanghui Hu Zhaorong Hu B S Jat Caifu Jiang Faiz Ahmad Joyia Mehar Kamboj Chikkappa Karjagi Lovenpreet Kaur Emna Khanfir Rajesh Khulbe Bhupender Kumar Firat Kurt Zhao Li Yun-Hua Liu Ningthaipuilu Longmei Damar Lopez-Arredondo Jurandir Vieira de Magalhaes T Maharajan Jacob Marsh R. Esten Mason Clémentine Mercé Ghulam Mustafa Vignesh Muthusamy Sudha K Nair Zhongfu Ni Kazutoshi Okuno Geoffrey Onaga Huiru Peng Jorge Fernando Pereira Sacn Perera Bhukya Prakash Lydia Pramitha P Rajendrakumar Mantena Raju Savaram Vr Rao Ali Razzaq P Sanjana Reddy Trenton Roberts G Victor Roch Umesh R Rosyara Pawan Saini Sindhu Sareen Gajanan Saykhedkar André Schaffasz Armin Scheben Tariq Shehzad Sonia Sheoran Ishwar Singh Prabha Singh Vishal Singh Nithya Subramanian Qixin Sun Madhumal Thayil Vinayan Yiqiao Wang Steffen Windpassinger Kerstin Wydra Yinping Jiao Mingming Xin Ines Yacoubi Pranjal Yadava Yingyin Yao Kuohai Yu Yaping Yuan Pervez Haider Zaidi Hong-Bin Zhang Meiping Zhang Zhiwu Zhang Rajkumar U ZunjareThe global population is projected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, and food and feed production will need to increase by 70%. Wheat, maize and sorghum are three key cereals which provide nutrition for the majority of the world's population. Their production is affected by various abiotic stresses which cause significant yield losses. The effects of climate change also increase the frequency and severity of such abiotic stresses. Molecular breeding technologies offer real hope for improving crop yields. Although significant progress has been made over the last few years, there is still a need to bridge the large gap between yields in the most favorable and most stressful conditions. This book: - Provides a valuable resource for wheat, maize and sorghum scientists working on breeding and molecular biology, physiology and biotechnology. - Presents the latest in-depth research in the area of abiotic stress tolerance and yield improvements. - Contains the necessary information to allow plant breeders to apply this research to effectively breed new varieties of these crops. It provides a consolidated reference for plant breeders and crop scientists working on the challenges of enhanced crop productivity and climate change adaptability.
Molecular Catalysts
by Lutz H. Gade Peter HofmannHighlighting the key aspects and latest advances in the rapidly developing field of molecular catalysis, this book covers new strategies to investigate reaction mechanisms, the enhancement of the catalysts' selectivity and efficiency, as well as the rational design of well-defined molecular catalysts. The interdisciplinary author team with an excellent reputation within the community discusses experimental and theoretical studies, along with examples of improved catalysts, and their application in organic synthesis, biocatalysis, and supported organometallic catalysis. As a result, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the catalytic transformations, allowing them to adapt the knowledge to their own investigations.With its ideal combination of fundamental and applied research, this is an essential reference for researchers and graduate students both in academic institutions and in the chemical industry.With a foreword by Nobel laureate Roald Hoffmann.