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Measurement and Instrumentation: Theory And Application

Measurement and Modeling of Silicon Heterostructure Devices

When you see a nicely presented set of data, the natural response is: “How did they do that; what tricks did they use; and how can I do that for myself?” Alas, usually, you must simply keep wondering, since such tricks-of- the-trade are usually held close to the vest and rarely divulged. Shamefully ignored in the technical literature, measurement and modeling of high-speed semiconductor devices is a fine art. Robust measuring and modeling at the levels of performance found in modern SiGe devices requires extreme dexterity in the laboratory to obtain reliable data, and then a valid model to fit that data. Drawn from the comprehensive and well-reviewed Silicon Heterostructure Handbook, this volume focuses on measurement and modeling of high-speed silicon heterostructure devices. The chapter authors provide experience-based tricks-of-the-trade and the subtle nuances of measuring and modeling advanced devices, making this an important reference for the semiconductor industry. It includes easy-to-reference appendices covering topics such as the properties of silicon and germanium, the generalized Moll-Ross relations, the integral charge-control model, and sample SiGe HBT compact model parameters.

Measurement and Safety: Volume I

This handbook is dedicated to the next generation of automation engineers working in the fields of measurement, control, and safety, describing the sensors and detectors used in the measurement of process variables.

Measurement and Sensor Systems: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Practical Issues and Applications (Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology)

This book covers both the physical properties of sensors for converting physical quantities into digital data and the design of complex measurement and data analyzing systems. In respect thereof, a unique treatment of measurement and sensor systems is given from a physical point of view, wherein a focus is on innovative links between physics and engineering sciences.The acquisition of data by measurement systems equipped with appropriate sensors is a fundamental activity in science and industry. In a connected world, the field of measurement and sensor systems can be regarded as an enabling technology for other fields of research and development, e.g., for electronics, chemistry, biology, and environmental monitoring.The book is divided into eleven chapters, each chapter starting with a discussion of measurement systems based on the relevant sensor concept followed by an in-depth description of the data processing and analysis procedures. After an introduction presenting fundamentals of measurement systems, digital measurement systems are addressed in detail. Then, operational amplifiers and measurement bridges as well as measurement signal processing methods are presented. After discussing transducers based on ohmic, capacitive, and inductive effects, temperature measurement systems are described. A separate chapter is devoted to optical measurement and sensor systems which represent a field of increasing importance.

Measurement for the Sea: Supporting the Marine Environment and the Blue Economy (Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology)

In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.

Measurement in Medicine

The success of the Apgar score demonstrates the astounding power of an appropriate clinical instrument. This down-to-earth book provides practical advice, underpinned by theoretical principles, on developing and evaluating measurement instruments in all fields of medicine. It equips you to choose the most appropriate instrument for specific purposes. The book covers measurement theories, methods and criteria for evaluating and selecting instruments. It provides methods to assess measurement properties, such as reliability, validity and responsiveness, and interpret the results. Worked examples and end-of-chapter assignments use real data and well-known instruments to build your skills at implementation and interpretation through hands-on analysis of real-life cases. All data and solutions are available online. This is a perfect course book for students and a perfect companion for professionals/researchers in the medical and health sciences who care about the quality and meaning of the measurements they perform.

Measurement of Antioxidant Activity and Capacity: Recent Trends and Applications

A comprehensive reference for assessing the antioxidant potential of foods and essential techniques for developing healthy food products Measurement of Antioxidant Activity and Capacity offers a much-needed resource for assessing the antioxidant potential of food and includes proven approaches for creating healthy food products. With contributions from world-class experts in the field, the text presents the general mechanisms underlying the various assessments, the types of molecules detected, and the key advantages and disadvantages of each method. Both thermodynamic (i.e. efficiency of scavenging reactive species) and kinetic (i.e. rates of hydrogen atom or electron transfer reactions) aspects of available methods are discussed in detail. A thorough description of all available methods provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant capacity/activity methods for food and nutraceutical sciences and industries. This text also contains data on new antioxidant measurement techniques including nanotechnological methods in spectroscopy and electrochemistry, as well as on innovative assays combining several principles. Therefore, the comparison of conventional methods versus novel approaches is made possible. This important resource: Offers suggestions for assessing the antioxidant potential of foods and their components Includes strategies for the development of healthy functional food products Contains information for identifying antioxidant activity in the body Presents the pros and cons of the available antioxidant determination methods, and helps in the selection of the most appropriate method Written for researchers and professionals in the nutraceutical and functional food industries,academia and government laboratories, this text includes the most current knowledge in order to form a common language between research groups and to contribute to the solution of critical problems existing for all researchers working in this field.

Measurement of Blast Fragmentation

A collection of workshop papers providing state-of-the-art reviews on all aspects of fragmentation, including photographic requirements, image enhancement, statistical treatment, and applications in quarrying, mining and minerals processing industries.

Measurement of Geometric Tolerances in Manufacturing (ISSN)

This insightful reference demonstrates a system of measurement, inspection, gaging, geometric tolerancing, and fixturing of products in full compliance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) approved standards.

Measurement of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characteristics (Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology)

Conventional ultrasonic methods based on ultrasonic characteristics in the linear elastic region are mainly sensitive to mature defects but are much less responsive to micro-damage or incipient material degradation. Recently, nonlinear ultrasonic characteristics beyond the linear ultrasonic amplitude range have been studied as a method for overcoming this limitation, and hence, many researchers are engaged in theoretical, experimental, and various application studies. However, the nonlinear ultrasonic characteristics are quite exacting compared to the linear phenomena so that they require vast experience and high proficiency in order to obtain proper experimental data. Actually, many researchers, especially beginners including graduate students, have difficulty in reliably measuring nonlinear ultrasonic characteristics. This book provides key technological know-how from experts with years of experience in this field, which will help researchers and engineers to obtain a clear understanding and high quality data in the nonlinear ultrasonic experiments and applications.

Measurement of Soft Tissue Elasticity in Vivo: Techniques and Applications

The product of 20 years of research, this book covers topics in soft tissue elasticity in vivo, from measurement techniques to clinical applications. It provides, for the first time, a single source that systematically introduces the various techniques for in vivo measurement of soft tissue elasticity in an effort to ease the difficulty between lea

Measurement using the New Rules of Measurement: Using The New Rules Of Measurement

The RICS New Rules of Measurement mean that the construction industry now has a way of allowing a more consistent approach to the measurement and estimating of buildings from the start of a project, right through until the end, and beyond. Measurement using the New Rules of Measurement offers comprehensive guidance on all the technical competencies concerned with measurement throughout the precontract stages and provides a full commentary to the NRM, with detailed and comprehensive examples of how to measure in accordance with this new prescriptive approach. For both students and practitioners, the acquisition of technical competencies is by practice so this book offers step-by-step worked examples to follow as well as an exercise on each topic. helps dispel anxieties about using a new method in an important area of fee generation based on the author’s successful Roadshows, organised by the RICS to promote the NRM companion websites provide support for learning: http://ostrowskiquantities.com and www.wiley.com/go/ostrowski/measurement

Measurement, Analysis and Remediation of Environmental Pollutants (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)

This book discusses contamination of water, air, and soil media. The book covers health effects of such contamination and discusses remedial measures to improve the situation. Contributions by experts provide a comprehensive discussion on the latest developments in the detection and analysis of contaminants, enabling researchers to understand the evolution of these pollutants in real time and develop more accurate source apportionment of these pollutants. The contents of this book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policy makers alike.

Measurement, Data Analysis, and Sensor Fundamentals for Engineering and Science

A combination of two texts authored by Patrick Dunn, this set covers sensor technology as well as basic measurement and data analysis subjects, a combination not covered together in other references. Written for junior-level mechanical and aerospace engineering students, the topic coverage allows for flexible approaches to using the combination book in courses. MATLAB® applications are included in all sections of the combination, and concise, applied coverage of sensor technology is offered. Numerous chapter examples and problems are included, with complete solutions available.

Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook: Electromagnetic, Optical, Radiation, Chemical, and Biomedical Measurement (Electrical Engineering Handbook Ser.)

The Second Edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes. Organized according to measurement problem, the Electromagnetic, Optical, Radiation, Chemical, and Biomedical Measurement volume of the Second Edition: Contains contributions from field experts, new chapters, and updates to all 98 existing chapters Covers sensors and sensor technology, time and frequency, signal processing, displays and recorders, and optical, medical, biomedical, health, environmental, electrical, electromagnetic, and chemical variables A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Electromagnetic, Optical, Radiation, Chemical, and Biomedical Measurement provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook: Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement (Electrical Engineering Handbook Ser.)

The Second Edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes. Organized according to measurement problem, the Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement volume of the Second Edition: Contains contributions from field experts, new chapters, and updates to all 96 existing chapters Covers instrumentation and measurement concepts, spatial and mechanical variables, displacement, acoustics, flow and spot velocity, radiation, wireless sensors and instrumentation, and control and human factors A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook: Two-Volume Set (Electrical Engineering Handbook)

This new edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences; explains sensors and the associated hardware and software; and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes. Organized according to measurement problem, the Second Edition: Consists of 2 volumes Features contributions from 240+ field experts Contains 53 new chapters, plus updates to all 194 existing chapters Addresses different ways of making measurements for given variables Emphasizes modern intelligent instruments and techniques, human factors, modern display methods, instrument networks, and virtual instruments Explains modern wireless techniques, sensors, measurements, and applications A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Measurement, Monitoring, Modelling and Control of Bioprocesses

Automated Measurement and Monitoring of Bioprocesses: Key Elements of the M3C Strategy, by Bernhard Sonnleitner Automatic Control of Bioprocesses, by Marc Stanke, Bernd Hitzmann An Advanced Monitoring Platform for Rational Design of Recombinant Processes, by G. Striedner, K. Bayer Modelling Approaches for Bio-Manufacturing Operations, by Sunil Chhatre Extreme Scale-Down Approaches for Rapid Chromatography Column Design and Scale-Up During Bioprocess Development, by Sunil Chhatre Applying Mechanistic Models in Bioprocess Development, by Rita Lencastre Fernandes, Vijaya Krishna Bodla, Magnus Carlquist, Anna-Lena Heins, Anna Eliasson Lantz, Gürkan Sin and Krist V. Gernaey Multivariate Data Analysis for Advancing the Interpretation of Bioprocess Measurement and Monitoring Data, by Jarka Glassey Design of Pathway-Level Bioprocess Monitoring and Control Strategies Supported by Metabolic Networks, by Inês A. Isidro, Ana R. Ferreira, João J. Clemente, António E. Cunha, João M. L. Dias, Rui Oliveira Knowledge Management and Process Monitoring of Pharmaceutical Processes in the Quality by Design Paradigm, by Anurag S Rathore, Anshuman Bansal, Jaspinder Hans The Choice of Suitable Online Analytical Techniques and Data Processing for Monitoring of Bioprocesses, by Ian Marison, Siobhán Hennessy, Róisín Foley, Moira Schuler, Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam, Brian Freeland

Measurement, Testing and Sensor Technology: Fundamentals And Application To Materials And Technical Systems

This book presents the principles, methods and techniques to characterize materials and technical systems. The book is organized with concise text-graphics compilations in three parts:The first part describes the fundamentals of measurement, testing and sensor technology, including a survey of sensor types for dimensional metrology, kinematics, dynamics, and temperature. It describes also microsensors and embedded sensors.The second part gives an overview of materials and explains the application of measurement, testing and sensor technology to characterize composition, microstructure, properties and performance of materials as well as deterioration mechanisms and reliability.The third part introduces the general systems theory for the characterization of technical systems, exemplified by mechatronic and tribological systems. It describes technical diagnostics for structural health monitoring and performance control.

Measurements and Instrumentation for Machine Vision

A comprehensive reference book that addresses the field of machine vision and its significance in cyber-physical systems. It explores the multidisciplinary nature of machine vision, involving electronic and mechatronic devices, artificial intelligence algorithms, embedded systems, control systems, robotics, interconnectivity, data science, and cloud computing. The book aims to provide advanced students, early career researchers, and established scholars with state-of-the-art knowledge and novel content related to the implementation of machine vision in engineering, scientific knowledge, and technological innovation.The chapters of the book delve into various topics and applications within the realm of machine vision. They cover areas such as camera and inertial measurement unit calibration, technical vision systems for human detection, design and evaluation of support systems using neural networks, UV sensing in contemporary applications, fiber Bragg grating arrays for medical diagnosis, color model creation for terrain recognition by robots, navigation systems for aircraft, object classification in infrared images, feature selection for vehicle/non-vehicle classification, visualization of sedimentation in extreme conditions, quality estimation of tea using machine vision, image dataset augmentation techniques, machine vision for astronomical images, agricultural automation, occlusion-aware disparity-based visual servoing, machine learning approaches for single-photon imaging, and augmented visual inertial wheel odometry.Each chapter is a result of expert research and collaboration, reviewed by peers and consulted by the book's editorial board. The authors provide in-depth reviews of the state of the art and present novel proposals, contributing to the development and futurist trends in the field of machine vision."Measurements and Instrumentation for Machine Vision" serves as a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals seeking to explore and implement machine vision technologies in various domains, promoting sustainability, human-centered solutions, and global problem-solving.

Measurements in Distance Education: A Compendium of Instruments, Scales, and Measures for Evaluating Online Learning

As more postsecondary faculty become engaged in designing online learning environments, research conducted on distance education program quality becomes increasingly important. Measurements in Distance Education is a concise, well-organized guide to some of the many instruments, scales, and methods that have been created to assess distance education environments, learners, and teachers. Entries are organized according to the qualities these measures attempt to gauge—such as engagement and information retention—and provide summaries of each instrument, usage information, the history of its development, and validation, including any reported psychometric properties. Offering more than 50 different surveys, tests, and other metrics, this book is an essential reference for anyone interested in understanding distance education assessment.

Measurements of Phosphor Properties

Measuring the properties of phosphors is an essential step in developing and selecting phosphors for specific applications. Consisting of chapters drawn from the second edition of the best-selling Handbook of Phosphors, Measurements of Phosphor Properties outlines various methods for characterizing and measuring the optical and luminescence properties of phosphors. The book covers measurement in the vacuum-ultraviolet region, measurement of particle size and optical properties of phosphor powders, and relevant aspects of color vision in the human eye. It details the optical properties of powder layers, color vision, and other miscellanies. It concludes with a detailed history of phosphor technology and industry.

Measurements-Based Radar Signature Modeling: An Analysis Framework (MIT Lincoln Laboratory Series)

A high-level text that synthesizes diverse research areas for characterizing objects (targets) from radar data and establishes a novel analysis framework for a class of signal processing techniques useful for high-resolution radar signature modeling.The only text to integrate a diverse body of work on characterizing objects (targets) from radar data into a common analysis framework, this book brings together the results of research papers and technical reports providing improved resolution and precision in radar target signature modeling and target motion solutions. It offers comprehensive coverage related to basic radar concepts, signal representation, and radar measurements; the development of advanced analysis tools essential for high-resolution signature modeling; the development of novel wideband and narrowband radar imaging techniques; the application of 2D spectral estimation theory to wideband signal processing; ultra-wideband scattering phenomenology and sparse-band sensor data fusion; and the integration of field measurements into the radar signature modeling process. The analysis techniques developed in the text provide the framework for a novel approach, called measurements-based modeling (MBM), to model target signatures by incorporating measurement data into the signature model of the target. Extensive examples throughout compare the performance of the new techniques with that of conventional analysis techniques.The first systematic, comprehensive synthesis of wide-ranging research areas for characterizing targets from radar data A deeply researched, lucid presentation enriched by extensive illustrations and examples An essential reference for experts in radar and signal processing, professional engineers in related fields, and graduate students

Measuring Biological Impacts of Nanomaterials

This book reviews several aspects of the biological response to nanoscale particles on a molecular and cellular level. Nanoscale materials and nanoscale particles in particular have interesting properties and beneficial applications. While they thus have entered our daily lifes on many different levels (from electronics, over textiles, packaging or surface modifications, to biomedical applications), general rules describing their interaction with biological structures and biological matter are still difficult to derive. The existing literature suggests a variety of interaction schemes between nanoparticles and biological objects, not dispelling the public concerns about possible health effects and harmful properties. A systematic approach to the problem is needed and timely. This book specifically emphasizes bioanalytical problems starting from the characterization of the nanomaterials to the pitfalls and potential artifacts of state-of-the-art cytotoxicity assays that are frequently used to study harmful effects on cells. It also highlights the application of label-free bioanalytical techniques that can potentially complement the present approaches and hence provide new perspectives on this highly discussed cutting-edge field of research and public concern.

Measuring Climate Change to Inform Energy Transitions: Carbon Footprint Calculations

Measuring Climate Change to Inform Energy Transitions A useful assessment tool to inform energy transition decisions in view of climate change Climate change is without question the greatest global challenge of the twenty-first century. Among its many aspects is the need for energy transitions worldwide, as sustainable energy infrastructure must be rapidly created if the world is to forestall climate catastrophe. Methods for measuring CO2 concentration and other factors producing climate change will be critical to managing this transition and assessing its early impacts. Measuring Climate Change to Inform Energy Transitions proposes a method for measuring sinusoidal gradients of increasing temperatures and CO2 concentration in order to determine the ongoing impact of global warming and make recommendations. This method will be critical in informing key decisions as the energy transition proceeds. It is a must-read for academic, professional, and policy stakeholders looking to meet these challenges head-on. Readers will also find: Concrete models and mechanisms for effecting energy transition Detailed discussion of topics including vegetative sinks for carbon capture, power reforms from coal, carbon footprint of internal combustion engines, skills required for green jobs and many more Examples and case studies to supplement quantitative analyses This book is ideal for professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in the energy, environmental, government, and engineering fields.